Non-linear damping of visco-resistive Alfven waves in solar spicules

Interaction of Alfven waves with plasma inhomogeneities generates phase mixing which can lead to dissipate Alfven waves and to heat the solar plasma. Here we study the dissipation of Alfven waves by phase mixing due to viscosity and resistivity variations with height. We also consider nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in our theoretical model. Non-linear terms of MHD equations include perturbed velocity, magnetic field, and density. To investigate the damping of Alfven waves in a stratified atmosphere of solar spicules, we solve the non-linear MHD equations in the x-z plane. Our simulations show that the damping is enhanced due to viscosity and resistivity gradients. Moreover, energy variations is influenced due to nonlinear terms in MHD equations.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science Journal. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.776

Digital Marketing and Sustainability in the Era of Climate Change: PLS-Structural Equation Modeling Approach

This paper aimed to examine the Buying behavior and awareness among the active community of 4.54 billion web-based users (59% of the Global populace) and their concerns over the issue of Climate Change, environment-friendly practices, recyclable packaging, safe and human-grade products, and services appeal to the sensitivity and culture of the digitized platform users. The online survey method was used to collect data from 482 participants via an online questionnaire. This study derived data from an ethically/commercially motivated online survey (n = 482) (used PLS-SEM Modeling for the analysis of complex latent variables) from the UK, USA, Canada, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia, to determine general domestic buying/consumption patterns and preferences; most narrowly related with the concern/responsibility/awareness of disruptive climate change. The studys findings established positive relationships between Clients and conceptions patterns of everyday buying for contributing to climate change and environment-related consumer buying practices. The study suggests both challenges assumed wisdom about environment-related user behavior patterns and suggest future projected gaps for 2030-2050 for future research. The experts perspectives offer an inclusive chronicle on vital facets of this imperative topic as well as views on related issues plus artificial intelligence, driven social and digital Green Marketing complexities, gaps, and limitations in the contemporary research, bonding Green Marketing with buying complexities, climate change and especially clients transformed online buying behavior

Epidemiology of female reproductive cancers in Iran: Results of the gholestan population-based cancer registry

Background: Malignancies of the female reproductive tract are estimated to be the third most common group of cancers in women. Objectives: We here aimed to present their epidemiological features in Golestan provincelocated in Northeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: Data on primary female reproductive cancers diagnosed between 2004-2010 were obtained from Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR). CanReg-4 and SPSS software were used for data entry and analysis. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100,000 person-years) were calculated using the world standard population. Poisson regression analysis was used to compare incidence rates. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: A total of 6,064 cancer cases were registered in Golestan females in the GPCR during 2004-2010, of which 652 cases (11%) were female reproductive cancers. Cancers of the ovary (ASR=6.03) and cervix (ASR=4.97) were the most common. We found significant higher rates in females living in cities than in villages. Our results showed a rapid increase in age specific incidence rates of female reproductive cancers at the age of 30 years. Conclusions: We found significant higher rates of female reproductive cancers among residents of cities than villages. Differences in the prevalence of risk factors including reproductive behavior between the two populations may partly explain such diversity. Our results also showed a rapid increase in incidence rates of these cancers in young age females. Further studies are warranted to determine risk factors of female reproductive cancers in our population