Caracterisation agromorphologique, chimique et biochimique des noix brutes de trois provenances d’anacardiers (Anacardium occidentale L.) au Sud du Senegal

La sécurité alimentaire est l’une des préoccupations majeures des hommes dans le monde. Pour l’atteindre, les populations rurales tirent une grande partie de leurs alimentations dans les Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux. Anacardium occidentale L., une espèce agroforestière très prisée n’est pas en reste. Cependant, des études sur la valeur alimentaire et nutritionnelle de ses noix sont limitées et restent parcellaires. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’évaluer les teneurs en éléments nutritifs des noix brutes de Anacardium occidentale L. collectées à Ziguinchor, Sédhiou et Kolda. Pour ce faire, dans chaque zone, trois kilogrammes de noix ont été prélevées de manière aléatoire dans différents lieux de stockage. Puis les mensurations ont porté sur 450 noix par provenance. Les noix ont été ensuite décortiquées puis soumises à une analyse minérale (chimique et biochimique). Une analyse uni et multivariée a été effectuée à l’aide de XLSTAT 6.0. L’analyse a montré l’existence d’une variabilité des caractéristiques entre les provenances. Une corrélation forte, significative mais négative a été détectée entre le poids des amandes et la cellulose brute, ce qui signifierait que les amandes de petite taille sont plus sucrées. A travers cette étude, plusieurs possibilités s’offrent aux différents acteurs de la chaine de valeur anacarde. English title: Agromorphological, chemical and biochemical characterization of <I>Anacardium occidentale L.</I> in Sud Senegal Food security is one of the major concerns of people around the world. To achieve this, rural populations derive a large part of their food from Non-Wood Forest Products. Anacardium occidentale L., a highly prized agroforestry species, is not to be outdone. However, studies on the food and nutritional value of its nuts are limited and remain fragmented. The objective of this research is to evaluate the nutrient content of raw nuts of Anacardium occidentale L. collected in Ziguinchor, Sédhiou and Kolda. To do this, in each area, three kilograms of nuts were taken at random from  different storage locations. Then the measurements were carried out on 450 nuts per provenance. The nuts were then shelled and then subjected to mineral analysis (chemical and biochemical). Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using XLSTAT 6.0. The analysis showed the  existence of variability in characteristics between provenances. A strong, significant but negative correlation was detected between the weight of the almonds and the crude fiber, which would mean that the small almonds are sweeter. Through this study, several possibilities are available to the various players in the cashew value chain

Telehealth Services to Improve Nonadherence: A Placebo-Controlled Study

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/tmj.2006.12.289.The objective of this study was to test whether a telehealth intervention could improve the compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by patients with sleep apnea. These patients had been nonadherent for the initial 3 months of therapy even after receiving the initial standard and then supplemental audiotaped/videotaped patient education for adhering to CPAP nightly. The materials and methods included a randomized testing of experimental and placebo interventions. Interventions were delivered by nurses to two groups in their homes by telehealth over a 12-week period. The placebo intervention was used to control for Hawthorne effect, time and attention influences and the novelty of having telehealth in the home. Results following the telehealth interventions were that significantly more patients in the experimental group 1 (n = 10) than the placebo group 2 (n = 9) were adhering nightly to CPAP (χ2 = 4.55, p = 0.033). Group 1 patients reported greater satisfaction with their intervention. However, both groups rated telehealth delivery positively. The mean cost of each 20-minute telehealth visit was $30 while the total cost of the telehealth intervention for each patient was$420. These costs included telehealth equipment, initial installation, longdistance telephone charges, nurse salary, and intervention materials. Conclusions are that telehealth interventions are a potentially cost-effective service for increasing adherence to prescribed medical treatments. Replication studies with large samples and in other clinical groups are recommended

Canonical formulation of self-gravitating spinning-object systems

Based on the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) canonical formulation of general relativity, a canonical formulation of gravitationally interacting classical spinning-object systems is given to linear order in spin. The constructed position, linear momentum and spin variables fulfill standard Poisson bracket relations. A spatially symmetric time gauge for the tetrad field is introduced. The achieved formulation is of fully reduced form without unresolved constraints, supplementary, gauge, or coordinate conditions. The canonical field momentum is not related to the extrinsic curvature of spacelike hypersurfaces in standard ADM form. A new reduction of the tetrad degrees of freedom to the Einstein form of the metric field is suggested.Comment: 6 pages. v2: extended version; identical to the published one. v3: corrected misprints in (24) and (39); improved notation; added note regarding a further reference

RHYTHM: An Open Source Imaging Toolkit for Cardiac Panoramic Optical Mapping

Fluorescence optical imaging techniques have revolutionized the field of cardiac electrophysiology and advanced our understanding of complex electrical activities such as arrhythmias. However, traditional monocular optical mapping systems, despite having high spatial resolution, are restricted to a two-dimensional (2D) field of view. Consequently, tracking complex three-dimensional (3D) electrical waves such as during ventricular fibrillation is challenging as the waves rapidly move in and out of the field of view. This problem has been solved by panoramic imaging which uses multiple cameras to measure the electrical activity from the entire epicardial surface. However, the diverse engineering skill set and substantial resource cost required to design and implement this solution have made it largely inaccessible to the biomedical research community at large. To address this barrier to entry, we present an open source toolkit for building panoramic optical mapping systems which includes the 3D printing of perfusion and imaging hardware, as well as software for data processing and analysis. In this paper, we describe the toolkit and demonstrate it on different mammalian hearts: mouse, rat, and rabbit

Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume VII-Criegee intermediates

This article, the seventh in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation. It covers an extension of the gas-phase and photochemical reactions related to Criegee intermediates previously published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) in 2006 and implemented on the IUPAC website up to 2020. The article consists of an introduction, description of laboratory measurements, a discussion of rate coefficients for reactions of O3 with alkenes producing Criegee intermediates, rate coefficients of unimolecular and bimolecular reactions and photochemical data for reactions of Criegee intermediates, and an overview of the atmospheric chemistry of Criegee intermediates. Summary tables of the recommended kinetic and mechanistic parameters for the evaluated reactions are provided. Data sheets summarizing information upon which the recommendations are based are given in two files, provided as a Supplement to this article. © Author(s) 2020

Light-absorbing secondary organic material formed by glyoxal in aqueous aerosol mimics

Light-absorbing and high-molecular-weight secondary organic products were observed to result from the reaction of glyoxal in mildly acidic (pH=4) aqueous inorganic salt solutions mimicking aqueous tropospheric aerosol particles. High-molecular-weight (500–600 amu) products were observed when ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) or sodium chloride (NaCl) was present in the aqueous phase. The products formed in (NH4)2SO4 or ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solutions absorb light at UV and visible wavelengths. Substantial absorption at 300–400 nm develops within two hours, and absorption between 400–600 nm develops within days. Pendant drop tensiometry measurements show that the products are not surface-active. The experimental results along with ab initio predictions of the UV/Vis absorption of potential products suggest a mechanism involving the participation of the ammonium ion. If similar products are formed in atmospheric aerosol particles, they could change the optical properties of the seed aerosol over its lifetime

Genomic characterisation of human monkeypox virus in Nigeria

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a large, double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Orthopox genus in the family Poxviridae. First identified in 1958, MPXV has caused sporadic human outbreaks in central and west Africa, with a mortality rate between 1% and 10%.1 Viral genomes from west Africa and the Congo Basin separate into two clades, the latter being more virulent.2 Recently, MPXV outbreaks have occurred in Sudan (2005), the Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo (2009), and the Central African Republic (2016).3 A suspected outbreak of human MPXV was reported to WHO on Sept 26, 2017, by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) after a cluster of suspected cases had occurred in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.4 Since the onset of the outbreak, 155 cases have been reported by the NCDC, of which 56 were confirmed.4 A subset of these samples was sent to the WHO Collaborating Center at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD) in Senegal for confirmation by PCR

Impact of COVID-19 response on global surgical volumes:an ongoing observational study

Objective: To determine whether location-linked anaesthesiology calculator mobile application (app) data can serve as a qualitative proxy for global surgical case volumes and therefore monitor the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: We collected data provided by users of the mobile app "Anesthesiologist" during 1 October 2018-30 June 2020. We analysed these using RStudio and generated 7-day moving-average app use plots. We calculated country-level reductions in app use as a percentage of baseline. We obtained data on COVID-19 case counts from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. We plotted changing app use and COVID-19 case counts for several countries and regions. Findings: A total of 100 099 app users within 214 countries and territories provided data. We observed that app use was reduced during holidays, weekends and at night, correlating with expected fluctuations in surgical volume. We observed that the onset of the pandemic prompted substantial reductions in app use. We noted strong cross-correlation between COVID-19 case count and reductions in app use in low- and middle-income countries, but not in high-income countries. Of the 112 countries and territories with non-zero app use during baseline and during the pandemic, we calculated a median reduction in app use to 73.6% of baseline. Conclusion: App data provide a proxy for surgical case volumes, and can therefore be used as a real-time monitor of the impact of COVID-19 on surgical capacity. We have created a dashboard for ongoing visualization of these data, allowing policy-makers to direct resources to areas of greatest need

Combined TRIP13 and Aurora Kinase Inhibition Induces Apoptosis in Human Papillomavirus-Driven Cancers

PURPOSE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes \u3e5% of cancers, but no therapies uniquely target HPV-driven cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We tested the cytotoxic effect of 864 drugs in 16 HPV-positive and 17 HPV-negative human squamous cancer cell lines. We confirmed apoptosis in vitro and in vivo using patient-derived xenografts. Mitotic pathway components were manipulated with drugs, knockdown, and overexpression. RESULTS: Aurora kinase inhibitors were more effective in vitro and in vivo in HPV-positive than in HPV-negative models. We hypothesized that the mechanism of sensitivity involves retinoblastoma (Rb) expression because the viral oncoprotein E7 leads to Rb protein degradation, and basal Rb protein expression correlates with Aurora inhibition-induced apoptosis. Manipulating Rb directly, or by inducing E7 expression, altered cells\u27 sensitivity to Aurora kinase inhibitors. Rb affects expression of the mitotic checkpoint genes MAD2L1 and BUB1B, which we found to be highly expressed in HPV-positive patient tumors. Knockdown of MAD2L1 or BUB1B reduced Aurora kinase inhibition-induced apoptosis, whereas depletion of the MAD2L1 regulator TRIP13 enhanced it. TRIP13 is a potentially druggable AAA-ATPase. Combining Aurora kinase inhibition with TRIP13 depletion led to extensive apoptosis in HPV-positive cancer cells but not in HPV-negative cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support a model in which HPV-positive cancer cells maintain a balance of MAD2L1 and TRIP13 to allow mitotic exit and survival in the absence of Rb. Because it does not affect cells with intact Rb function, this novel combination may have a wide therapeutic window, enabling the effective treatment of Rb-deficient cancers