The Effect Of Covıd-19 On Hba1c And Fastıng Blood Sugar Levels In Dıabetıc Patıents

Korona virüsü (Covid-19) (Şiddetli Akut Hava Sendromu) tip II (SARS-2), 2019 yılında ortaya çıkmıştır ve tüm dünyaya yayılmıştır. Virüsün diyabetik hastalarda hayati fonksiyonları olumsuz yönde etkilediğini bildiren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Virüsün β- hücrelerini direk etkileyerek metabolizma bozukluklarına yol açması diyabetiklerde hastalığın daha ağır seyretmesine neden olabilir. Bu çalışma diyabetik hastalarda Korona virüsün HBA1C ve günlük açlık kan şeker düzeylerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma 1 Şubat 2022-1 Ağustos 2022 tarihleri arasında Irak’ın Ramadi ilinde bulunan bir karantina hastanesinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya 54 kadın, 54 erkek olmak üzere 130 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma gruplarından 22 kişi diyabetik olmayan kontrol grubunu oluşturmaktadır. 108 kişi ise daha önce diyabet tanısı almış ve Covid-19 testi pozitif olan hastalar oluşturmaktadır. Hastalarda Covid-19 tedavisine başlamadan önce 1. Gün (GLU1) ve tedaviden sonra 2. ve 3. Gün (GLU2 ve GLU3) açlık kan glukoz düzeylerine bakıldı. Ayrıca tedaviye başlamadan önce (HbA1c 1) ve tedaviye başladıktan sonra 2 ay arayla 2 kere (HbA1c 2 ve HbA1c 3) HbA1c düzeyleri incelendi. Grup 2, Grup 3 ve Grup 4 ‘ün GLU ve HbA1c düzeylerini Kontrol grubu (CONT) (GRUP 1) ile karşılaştırdığımızda hem GLU hem de HbA1c düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (Sırasıyla p<0,02, p<0,03). Grup 2’nin GLU 1, GLU 2, GLU 3 ve HbA1c 1, HbA1c 2, HbA1c 3 düzeylerinin sırayla 214,63 ± 100,28, 166,58 ± 50.70, 134,10 ± 35.51 ve 10.10 ± 0.21, 8.30 ± 0.29, 6.80 ± 0.31 olduğu belirlenmiştir ve tedavi sonrası ölçülen GLU 2, GLU 3 ve HbA1c 2, HbA1c 3’te azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Grup 3’ün GLU 1, GLU 2, GLU 3 ve HbA1c 1, HbA1c 2, HbA1c 3 düzeylerinin sırayla 175.80 ± 60.38, 215.10 ± 95.73, 268.40 ± 135.51 ve 7.60 ± 0.33, 9.60 ± 0.23, 12.20 ± 0.21 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu gruptaki hastaların tedavi sonrası ölçülen GLU 2, GLU 3 ve HbA1c 2, HbA1c 3 düzeylerinde ise artış olduğu görülmüştür. Grup 4’ün GLU 1, GLU 2, GLU 3 ve HbA1c 1, HbA1c 2, HbA1c 3 düzeylerinin sırayla 179.0 ± 62.18, 238.10 ± 115.43, 192.0 ± 86.91 ve 7.90 ± 0.31, 10.70 ± 0.20, 8.70 ± 0.31 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Grup 4 hastalarının tedavi sonrası ölçülen GLU 2, GLU 3 ve HbA1c 2, HbA1c 3 düzeylerinin tedavi öncesine göre yüksek ve sabit olmadığı görülmüştür. Çalışmamız sonuçlarına göre 108 diyabet hastasının 28’inin (Grup 2) tedaviye cevap verdiği ve kan glukoz düzeylerinde azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Hastalardan 28’inin (Grup 3) tedaviye rağmen kan glukoz düzeylerinde artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. 52 hastanın ise (Grup 4) kan glukoz düzeylerinin yüksek ve düzensiz olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar bize diyabetik hastaların büyük çoğunluğunda Covid-19 geçirdikten sonra kan glukoz düzeylerinin daha fazla artabileceğini göstermektedir

Proactive detection of DDOS attacks in Publish-Subscribe networks

Information centric networking (ICN) using architectures such as Publish-Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP) or Publish-Subscribe Internet Technology (PURSUIT) has been proposed as an important candidate for the Internet of the future. ICN is an emerging research area that proposes a transformation of the current host centric Internet architecture into an architecture where information items are of primary importance. This change allows network functions such as routing and locating to be optimized based on the information items themselves. The Bloom filter based content delivery is a source routing scheme that is used in the PSIRP/PURSUIT architectures. Although this mechanism solves many issues of today’s Internet such as the growth of the routing table and the scalability problems, it is vulnerable to distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we present a new content delivery scheme that has the advantages of Bloom filter based approach while at the same time being able to prevent DDoS attacks on the forwarding mechanism. Our security analysis suggests that with the proposed approach, the forwarding plane is able to resist attacks such as DDoS with very high probabilit

A Study of Z-Transform Based Encryption Algorithm

It has become increasingly important to ensure the protection of information, especially data in transit. Therefore, it is the primary goal of any encryption algorithm to safeguard the protection of information against security attacks. It is equally important to design high-performance solutions with affordable cost of implementation. Encryption algorithms are used to transform plain text to the ciphertext in order to protect privacy, prevent data fraud, and prevent unauthorized access of data in daily transactions. There are multiple types of encryption algorithms, each with its niche tactics to enhance security. For instance, different kinds of algorithms include but are not limited to the following: Blowfish, RSA, AES, DES, Triple DES. This paper contributes an efficient and secure encryption algorithm technique for information security based on Z transformation and XOR function known as the Z Transformation Encryption (ZTE) technique. To elaborate, this technique implements concepts of Z transformation and XOR operations at the source. The reverse process is applied at the receiving end of the transaction wherein the inverse of Z transformation and XOR is applied to reveal the original plain text message. The simulation of the proposed algorithm is conducted using the R language. The results show a promising performance comparing to other symmetric algorithms

Promoting Positive Behaviors Among the Lower Primary School Students

The present study aimed to explore the role of family and school in promoting positive behaviors among the lower primary school students enrolled in the American Community School. It aimed to identify the methods of promoting positive behaviors among those students from the perspective of school principals, teachers, parents, and the lower primary school students.  It was found that the (responsive classroom) approach is adopted by the American Community School for promoting positive behaviors among the lower primary school students. Adopting this approach enables teachers to create a positive environment in the whole school in general and classrooms in particular. It has a positive impact on students’ academic achievement and self-discipline. It participates in delivering education of high quality. Based on the latter approach, it’s very important to develop students’ social-emotional skills. Such skills include: (taking responsibility, respecting others’ opinions and self-confidence). Based on the latter approach, it’s very important to develop students’ cognitive-academic skills and promote knowledge about the teaching methods. Based on the latter approach, cognitive development occurs through social interaction. This approach can be adopted for promoting positive behaviors among the lower primary school students.The researchers recommend adopting the (responsive classroom) approach for promoting positive behaviors among the lower primary school students. They recommend providing more attention to the provision of training courses for teachers and parents about the methods of promoting positive behaviors among the lower primary school students.  They recommend conducting similar studies that target other school stages, such as: the secondary stage. Keywords: Positive Behaviors, the Lower Primary School Students DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-8-12 Publication date:March 31st 202

Large eddy simulation of flow over submerged cylinders and leaky barriers

Extreme weather events are increasing their frequency due to climate change, leading to more recurrent destructive flooding incidents over the recent years, which require the development of potential solutions. For this, leaky barriers are a natural-based flood mitigation solution that can reduce and delay peak flow events. Understanding the local hydrodynamics involved in the flow around these mostly-submerged hydraulic structures is essential to enhance their performance in retaining flood events but also to ensure their structural integrity. Numerical methods arise as a complementary tool to experimental approaches that enable a further understanding of the fluid dynamics around submerged cylinders used in these leaky barriers. This thesis adopts a large-eddy simulation (LES) computational approach, incorporating the level-set method (LSM) to capture free-surface deformation. The hydrodynamics around a single cylinder are investigated, finding a critical Froude number threshold when free-surface effects become pronounced and influence the hydrodynamic coefficients, vortex shedding patterns, and wake structures downstream of the cylinder. Proper-orthogonal decomposition (POD) is employed to quantify and analyse energetic coherent structures developed behind the cylinder, revealing redistribution in the energy contribution as flow conditions approach shallower conditions. Furthermore, POD is used to compare flow pattern predictions from two separate LESs of flow past a single horizontal cylinder in very shallow conditions, highlighting the limitations of traditional rigid-lid modelling and emphasising the importance of adopting LSM for accurate free surface and flow dynamics. The hydrodynamics of leaky barriers are simulated and analysed with LES to investigate the impact of barrier’s inclination and length on the flow. Results reveal configurations with flatter inclinations or shorter barrier lengths lead to reduced bed scour risk and improved performance. Two novel methodologies for estimating water depths and velocities around leaky barriers have been proposed and validated using experimental and simulation datasets, providing an easy-to-use design tool for eco-friendly wood structures in future flood management. This thesis seeks to enhance the current understanding of the complex hydrodynamic phenomena developed in the flow around fully-submerged horizontal circular cylinders and leaky barriers, providing essential insights for practical flood management strategies and environmental conservation efforts

The diffusion of management accounting innovations : a study of the factors influencing the adoption, implementation levels and success of ABC

During the late 1980s considerable publicity was given to the criticisms of management accounting. In response to these criticisms new innovations emerged. The innovation that has attracted the greatest interest has been activity-based costing (ABC). This study gathers empirical data to examine various issues relating to ABC derived from an extensive review and synthesis of the relevant literature, including the contingency theory literature. The major aims of the study are to investigate the extent to which various contextual factors influence the adoption of ABC systems, to determine the reasons and factors which have discouraged firms from adopting ABC and to examine the impact of various factors in determining the success of ABC systems. Other objectives include examining the importance of specific motives for implementing ABC systems and examining the extent to which other accounting innovations and strategic management accounting practices are associated with the adoption/non-adoption of ABC systems. A postal questionnaire was conducted using 1,000 UK manufacturing and nonmanufacturing organisations with an annual sales turnover in excess of £50 million as the target population. Not-for-profit organisations were excluded from the population sample. The findings are based on 176 responses (a usable response rate of 19%). Strong support was found for the intensity of the competitive environment, size, extent of the use of lean production techniques (including JIT techniques), importance of cost information, extent of the use of innovative/strategic management accounting techniques and corporate sector having a significant influence in the adoption of ABC systems. Using factor analysis, three factors were found to be significantly associated with ABC success. They were managerial understanding and the ability to use ABC information, positive attitudes by accounting staff towards ABC and adequate training for ABC and a clear understanding of its purposes. The dominant motives for implementing ABC related to the deficiencies of the existing system such as the existing system not providing useful information to management, it was necessary to update the existing costing information system and the existing costing system was not reliable. The most important reasons for not implementing ABC were that the perceived benefits did not justify the cost of implementing it, most of the indirect costs were fixed, the existing system was considered satisfactory for controlling overheads and the general lack of support from top management or individuals to act as champions. A distinguishing feature of the study is that it overcomes the deficiencies of previous ABC studies that have used bivariate statistical tests. These studies have examined independently, without controlling for the impact of other variables in the model, whether the difference between ABC adopters and non-adopters are statistically significant in respect of each of the selected contextual variables. This study uses mutivariate binary logistical regression that systematically controls for the impact of the other explanatory variables that are likely to influence the adoption of ABC.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Assessment of the Relationship between Expressions of CD34, p63 with Different Clinical Types of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Retrospective Immunohistochemical Study

Background: Potentially malignant disorders such as leukoplakia and erythroplakia are often associated with dysplastic changes that have an increased risk for malignant transformation. CD34 is considered as an important marker for tissue vascularization, which represents microvessel density. P63 has a role in epithelial proliferation and is frequently altered in dysplasia and associated with tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD34 and p63 in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Methods and Results: This research included 50 histopathologically confirmed OED. CD34 and P63 expressions were studied by using the immunohistochemical technique. Most OED lesions were observed in patient between 40 and 69 years of age. Buccal mucosa was the most affected site (42%). According to histopathological grades, mild OED was predominant (54%). There was a significant difference among OED grades through the P63 marker. Conclusion: The P63 marker can be considered a good indicator for malignant transformation by grade scoring scales, and the CD34 marker can be used as a useful diagnostic indicator for OED

Application of media notion to improve students' critical thinking through TaRl learning at SMAN 6 Malang

This research was motivated by the low critical thinking ability of students in Geography subjects at SMA Negeri 6 Malang. This study aims to improve students' critical thinking skills by using a project-based learning model based on TaRl learning strategies. This type of research is classroom action research. The subjects of this study were students of grade X-I SMA Negeri 6 Malang. The instruments used in this study were interview sheets, observations, test questions, and documentation. Data collection techniques consist of interviews, observations, tests and documentation. Data analysis in this study used quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The result of this study is to improve students' thinking processes with a problem-based learning model based on Tarl learning strategies assisted by media notion in class X-I SMA Negeri 6 Malang. This is shown from the results of the analysis of each cycle showing a significant improvement so that students' thinking processes can develop.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um022v8i22023p6

The development of GPS navigation systems in civil aircraft

The industry of civil aviation is developing in a fast manner to occupy the increasing needs for a fast, safe and comfortable transportation. To achieve these needs, some effective programs, plans, and systems designs are required. The current reliable aircraft navigation and landing systems have relatively a low level of accuracy especially in aircraft landing stage. The best landing category could be achieved requires a runway visual range up to 50 meters and automatic landing system is not in operation yet all over the world. Aircraft navigates using Radar, Radio and Satellite navigation systems. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) plans to replace legacy navigation systems with satellite based navigation technology. Currently, the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its augmentations is the main satellite navigation system used all over the world for air navigation applications. The development of aircraft navigation has been performed with the enhancement of GPS augmentation systems. In this paper, aircraft navigation systems and techniques will be presented in this paper to evaluate the integrity and reliability of each system, and to make a comparison among these systems according to accuracy, integrity and availability

Evaluation of Trunk Muscle Endurance in Chronic Ankle Instability

Background: Testing the association between trunk muscle endurance and chronic ankle instability (CAI) is very important to recognize risk factors related to CAI. This facilitates prevention of injury and management of the associated musculoskeletal deficits of CAI. Objective: &nbsp;to assess endurance of trunk muscles in females with CAI. Methods: This study consisted of 62 females, allocated into two equal groups of 31; the experimental group (A) included females with CAI and the healthy control (Group B) included healthy females. McGill core endurance tests (prone-bridge, right side-bridge, left side-bridge, trunk flexion and horizontal back extension) were administered to assess trunk muscle endurance. Results: Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in trunk muscle endurance between the two tested groups (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Although, the results indicated higher values of trunk endurance in the CAI group compared with their healthy controls, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. This denotes the compensatory mechanism that altered ankle-hip strategy