Efectos de un programa integral de calentamiento en los parámetros de rendimiento de esquiadores masculinos de élite y sub-élite

This study investigates the effects of a comprehensive warm-up program (FIFA 11+) on performance and injuries in ski athletes. Recent research shows that comprehensive warm-up programs can significantly affect performance and prevent injury. A total of 20 sub-elite (n:10) and elite (n:10) male ski athletes participated in the study. Inclusion criteria for the study were to be in the 18–25 age range and to have participated in international competitions for elite athletes and skiing for at least three years, as well as to be actively continuing their sports life for sub-elite athletes. A comprehensive warm-up program (FIFA 11+) was applied to the athletes three days a week, for eight weeks, before the training. Two measurements were taken from the athletes as pre-test and post-test. In this study, hexagon agility tests, high box tests, balance measurements, and proprioception measurement tests were applied. In the within-group comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference in the hexagon agility test (p = 0.01), proprioception test (p = 0.01), and high box test (p = 0.01). Dynamic right leg balance test (p = 0.01) was significant in the sub-elite athletes, and statistically significant differences were found among elite athletes in hexagon agility (p = 0.01), proprioception test (p = 0.01), high box test (p = 0.01), and the dynamic right leg balance test (p = 0.02). The effects of the FIFA 11+ warm-up protocol on performance parameters and proprioception did not differ between sub-elite and elite athletes.Este estudio investiga los efectos de un programa integral de calentamiento (FIFA 11+) sobre el rendimiento y las lesiones en esquiadores. Investigaciones recientes muestran que los programas integrales de calentamiento pueden afectar significativamente el rendimiento y prevenir lesiones. Un total de 20 esquiadores masculinos de sub-élite (n: 10) y élite (n: 10) participaron en el estudio. Los criterios de inclusión en el estudio fueron estar en el rango de edad de 18 a 25 años y haber participado en competiciones internacionales para esquiadores de élite durante al menos tres años, así como continuar activamente su vida deportiva para esquiadores de sub-élite. Se aplicó un programa de calentamiento integral (FIFA 11+) a los esquiadores tres días a la semana, durante ocho semanas, antes del entrenamiento. Se tomaron dos medidas de los deportistas: pre-tests y post-tests. En este estudio se aplicaron tests de agilidad hexagonal, pruebas de caja alta, mediciones de equilibrio y pruebas de medición de propiocepción. En las comparaciones dentro de los grupos, hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el test de agilidad del hexágono (p = 0,01), prueba de propiocepción (p = 0,01) y prueba de caja alta (p = 0,01). El test de equilibrio dinámico de la pierna derecha (p = 0,01) fue significativo en los esquiadores de sub-élite, y se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los esquiadores de élite en agilidad hexagonal (p = 0,01), prueba de propiocepción (p = 0,01), prueba de caja alta (p = 0,01), y el test de equilibrio dinámico de la pierna derecha (p = 0,02). Los efectos del protocolo de calentamiento FIFA 11+ sobre los parámetros de rendimiento y la propiocepción no difirieron entre deportistas de élite y de sub-élite

Coordination in some of the basic individual sports: a systematic review

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research that investigates coordination abilities in basic individual sports, such as athletics, gymnastics, climbing, and swimming. The relevant sports that have a process of identifying very young talents are precisely these basic individual sports. The following electronic databases were used: Web of Science and PubMed. A total of 16 studies met the criteria for participation in this study. Since only a few studies have been done on this topic, this review included studies for the last 30 years. The sample of respondents in the included studies consisted of both males and females, and the total number was 642. The study findings indicate that coordination is a crucial motor ability with a significant impact on athletic success in youth. The level of coordination abilities increases with sports experience, so the development of coordination should be one of the priorities in the training process of gymnasts, athletes, sports climbers and swimmers in younger sportsman ages

Elit altı sporcularda vücut kompozisyonu, anaerobik performans ve sırt kuvveti arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among age, height, body weight, body fat percentage, long jump (standing), vertical jump, 20 meter sprint, back strength, relative strength and anaerobic power characteristics of the 80 sub-elit male athletes who are students at a physical education and sports department and participate competitions.  In this study, 80 male students at 22.17 ± 1.97 average age who have been doing exercises regularly, were participate as voluntary. Firstly, their age, height, body weight and skin fold values were determined. Body fat percentage was estimated by Zorba Formula. Anaerobic performance was determined via long jump (standing), vertical jump and 20 meter sprint. Relative strength was estimated with “back strength / body weight” formula. Then, the relationships among body composition, anaerobic performance and back strength characteristics of the participants were determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Analyses of collected data were used by SPSS for Windows (Ver. 10) and alpha level was set as 0.05 for statistical significance.Correlation analysis’ results indicated that there were statically significant correlations among lots of physical and physiological parameters. In conclusion; it was determined that height, body weight, body fat percentage and back strength were played an explicit role on anaerobic performance of athletes.Bu çalışmanın amacı; bir üniversitenin beden eğitimi ve spor yüksek okulunda öğrenim gören bir grup elit-altı sporcunun yaş, boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ oranı, durarak uzun atlama, dikey sıçrama, 20 metre sprint, sırt kuvveti, relatif kuvvet ve anaerobik güç özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmaya; düzenli antrenman yapan ve müsabakalara katılan beden eğitimi ve spor yüksek okulu (BESYO) öğrencisi, yaş ortalaması 22.17±1.97 yıl olan toplam 80 erkek sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan deneklerin boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, deri kıvrım kalınlığı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Vücut yağ yüzdesi Zorba formülü kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Anaerobik performans ise dikey sıçrama, durarak uzun atlama ve 20 metre sürat testleri ile belirlenmiştir. Relatif kuvvet, sırt kuvvetinin vücut ağırlığına bölünmesi ile bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların vücut kompozisyonu, anaerobik performans ve sırt kuvveti arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla verilerin analizinde “Pearson Çarpımlar Moment Korelasyon Analizi” kullanılmıştır. Analizler Windows için SPSS (ver. 10) paket programı ile yapılmış ve istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.Korelasyon analizleri sonucunda birçok fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellik arasında anlamlı ilişki katsayıları bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak; sporcuların vücut ağırlıkları, vücut yağ yüzdeleri, boy uzunlukları ve sırt kuvvetlerinin anaerobik performanslarında belirleyici rol aldığı tespit edilmiştir

Effects of 5-Week of FIFA 11+ Warm-Up Program on Explosive Strength, Speed, and Perception of Physical Exertion in Elite Female Futsal Athletes

Futsal is a sport that originates from soccer and is increasingly practiced all over the world. Since training and warm-up protocols should be sport-specific in order to reduce injuries and maximize performance, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5 weeks of the FIFA 11+ warm-up program on explosive strength, speed, and perception of physical exertion in elite female futsal athletes. Twenty-nine elite female futsal athletes participating in the Italian national championships were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG) underwent 5 weeks of the FIFA 11+ warmup program, and the control group (CG) underwent 5 weeks of a dynamic warm-up. We evaluated any effect on explosive strength (by Squat Jump test), speed (by Agility T-test), and perception of physical exertion (by Borg CR-10 scale). All measurements were carried out by a technician of the Italian Football Federation before (T0), at the middle (T1), and at the end (T2) of the protocol. The EG showed significant improvements on performances between T0 vs. T1 and T0 vs. T2 both in the Squat Jump test (p = 0.0057 and p = 0.0030, respectively) and in the Agility T-test (p = 0.0075 and p = 0.0122). No significant differences were found in the Squat Jump test performances in the CG, while significant improvements were detected in the Agility T-test performances (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0053, T0 vs. T1 and T0 vs. T2, respectively). As for the Borg CR-10 scale, we found a significant difference between T0 and T2 in the EG (p = 0.017) and no differences in the CG. This study showed that 5 weeks of the FIFA 11+ warm-up program improves the jumping performance of female futsal athletes without adversely affecting speed. These findings can be useful for coaches and athletic trainers in order to consider FIFA 11+ warm-up program also in female futsal athletes

Evaluation of the Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Postural Stability in Active Young Women

Menstruation is considered as the primary biological factor between men and women. Many studies indicate that the prevalence of injury is higher in female athletes than in male athletes. In the previous studies, an association between postural stability and injury rate has been reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the stability of physically active women during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Young women who exercised regularly and had a regular menstrual cycle (n = 19, age: 20.4 +/- 1.2 years; height: 164.78 +/- 4.66 cm; body weight: 54.63 +/- 3.41; BMI: 20.11 +/- 0.97 menstruation: 28.47 +/- 1.26) participated in the study. The Menstrual cycle is divided into three different phases. The stability was measured in the early menstrual phase, the follicular phase, and the middle of the luteal phase. Postural stability index (PSI) and Limit of stability (LOS), tests were performed with the Biodex SD System (Biodex, Shirley, NY). During the ovulation phase, according to LOS test results (p=0.016), a statistical difference was found between the three phases. According to this result, LOS values decreased in the ovulation phase compared to other phases. No difference was determined between anterior-posterior oscillation, mediolateral oscillation, and postural stability index scores and menstrual phases (p=0.34). It is observed that stability in women who perform active sports is affected by different menstrual phases. It can be said that the deterioration in stability is caused by the increase in sex hormones muscle and joint laxity during the ovulation phase

Devlet hastanesinde çalışan sağlık personelinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri

Amaç: Tükenmişlik sendromu; işi gereği insanlarla yoğun ilişki içerisinde olan insanlarda görülen “duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı hissinin kaybı” şeklinde 3 boyutu olan bir sendromdur. Sağlık çalışanları tükenmişlikle karşılaşan meslek gruplarından birisidir. Araştırmamızın amacı Kırklareli Devlet Hastanesinde çalışan sağlık personelinin (hemşire/sağlık memuru/ebe) tükenmişlik düzeyini ve etkileyen değişkenleri belirlemektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışma 2006 yılı Kasım ayında Kırklareli İl Merkez Devlet Hastanesi’nde çalışan hemşire, sağlık memuru ve ebelerden oluşan 150 sağlık personeli üzerinde planlanmış; ancak 107 kişiye ulaşılabilmiştir. Veriler; personelin sosyo-demografik özellikleri, aile ve iş yaşamlarına yönelik olarak hazırlanmış 20 soruluk anket formu ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (MTÖ) kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplandı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan personelin yaş ortalaması kadınlarda 34.51±6.06, erkeklerde 30.90±4.40 olup; çalışma grubundaki personelin %54’ü hemşire (n=58), %36’sı ebe (n=38) ve %10’u (n=11) sağlık memurudur. Çalışma grubunun duygusal tükenmişlik puan ortalamaları 18.76±10.21, duyarsızlaşma alt ölçeğinin puan ortalamaları 4.17±3.90, kişisel başarısızlık alt ölçeğinin puan ortalamaları 36.80±7.91 olarak belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyetlerine, yaş gruplarına, eğitim durumlarına, aile tiplerine, çalışma süresine, sağlık sorunlarının var olma durumlarına göre tükenmişlik puanları arasındaki ilişkinin önemli olmadığı bulunmuştur ve MTÖ puanını etkilememektedir. Sonuç: Kırklareli Devlet Hastanesi sağlık personelinin (ebe-hemşire-sağlık memuru) tükenmişlik düzeyi düşük olarak saptanmıştı

IS THERE ANY EFFECT OF NON-SUITABLE PULL TECHNIQUE IN BACK & LEG DYNAMOMETERS ON THE LEG STRENGTH TEST RESULTS?

Introduction: Dynamometers are valid and reliable test instruments that have been used for many years to measure strength. However, there are excessive differences in leg strength scores in different studies with similar groups. This situation suggests a non-conformity to testing procedures occurred during the practice of the tests. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of non-suitable pulling technique on the leg strength test results. Materials and methods: A total of 127 healthy subjects (24 female athletes and 41 male athletes, 22 sedentary females and 40 sedentary males) were included in the study. A back & leg Dynamometer was used to determine the leg strength of the participants. The participants pulled up the dynamometer's grab handle with and without contact with their upper leg. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference (p=0.000) between contacted and non-contact pulling trials of all participants. The percentage difference of leg strength between contacted and non-contact pull was 51.69% (43.25 kg) for female athletes, 54.78 (73.46 kg) for male athletes, 56.31% (37.52 kg) for sedentary females, and 50.69% (65.55 kg) for sedentary males. Conclusion: There were significant differences between contacted and non-contact pull trials. It was determined that during the pulling phase if the dynamometer's grab-handle contacted the upper leg of a subject, the strength measurement’s score increased considerably. In this case, it can be said that non-suitable pulling technique in the "back & leg dynamometers" affects the leg strength test scores

Effects of aerobic and anaerobic fatigue exercises on postural control and recovery time in female soccer players

none7Sixteen female soccer players (age = 20.19 ± 1.52 years; body mass = 56.52 ± 4.95 kg; body height = 164.81 ± 4.21 cm) with no history of lower extremity injury participated in the study. The Biodex SD Balance system was used to determine the non-dominant single-leg stability. In anaerobic exercise, each subject performed four maximal cycling efforts against a resistance equivalent to 0.075 kg/body mass for 30 s with three-minute rest intervals. In aerobic exercise, subjects performed the Bruce protocol on a motorized treadmill. After each exercise, subjects subsequently performed a single-leg stability test and then repeated the same test for four times with five-minute passive rest periods. In accordance with the results, it was found that the impairment observed right after the aerobic loading was higher (p < 0.001) compared to the anaerobic one. However, the time-related deterioration in both aerobic and anaerobic loadings was similar. The B-pre value was lower than Bpost and B5 (p < 0.01) and B10 (p < 0.05) in both conditions. Subjects could reach the initial balance level at B15 after aerobic and anaerobic loadings. The lactate level did not reach resting value even after 20 min of both fatigue protocols. Although the fatigue after aerobic and aerobic exercise negatively affects a single-leg dynamic balance level, single leg balance ability returns to the baseline status after 10 min of passive recovery duration.noneGuler O.; Aras D.; Akca F.; Bianco A.; Lavanco G.; Paoli A.; Sahin F.N.Guler, O.; Aras, D.; Akca, F.; Bianco, A.; Lavanco, G.; Paoli, A.; Sahin, F. N

Investigation of parameters affecting throwing velocity and accuracy in handball

&lt;p&gt;Handball is a team sport in which changing direction, running fast-slowly, jumping, throwing, throwing accuracy, and tackles are at the forefront. For basic throws in the game, throwing speed and accuracy are important factors for a successful throw. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of body composition, isokinetic strength, handgrip strength, and static and dynamic balance parameters on throwing speed and accuracy in handball players. A total of 20 male handball players with an average age of 14.95±0.24 years and an average sports age of 4.15±0.44 years participated in the study voluntarily. Body composition, static and dynamic balance, hand grip strength, shoulder and arm rotation, throwing velocity and accuracy tests were performed on the athletes. While a negative correlation was found between body weight (r=-0.61), body mass index (r=-0.66), body muscle mass (r=-0.5), body fat mass (r=-0.58), Body fat % (r=0.61), Dominant arm muscle (r=-0.52) parameters and throwing accuracy, a positive correlation was found between dominant hand grip (r=0.59) and dominant arm shoulder internal rotation strength (r=0.59), non-dominant arm shoulder internal rotation strength parameters and throwing velocity (p&lt;0.05). No correlation was found in the static and dynamic balance parameter. In line with the findings of the study, the static and dynamic balance parameters of the handball players did not have an effect on the throwing velocity and accuracy. However, while anthropometric characteristics such as body weight, body fat percentage and mass, and muscle mass had an effect on throwing accuracy, it can be said that hand grip strength, isokinetic shoulder internal and external rotation strength were effective on throwing velocity.&lt;/p&gt