COVID-19 Mathematical Study with Environmental Reservoir and Three General Functions for Transmissions

In this paper, the ongoing new coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic is being investigated using a mathematical model. The model depicts the dynamics of infection with several transmission pathways and general infection functions, plus it highlights the significance of the environment as a reservoir for the disease’s propagation and dissemination. We have studied the qualitative behavior of the proposed model representing a system of fractional differential equations. Under a set of conditions on the general functions and the parameters, we have proven the global asymptotic stability of all steady states by using the Lyapunov method and LaSalle’s invariance principle. We also carried some numerical results to confirm the analytical results we obtained

Boundedness and pseudocompactness in pointfree topology

>Magister Scientiae - MScThis dissertation is a presentation to generalize boundedness and pseudocompactness in pointfree topology. We rst obtain and introduce a boundedness notion for elements of a frame. This is then further inspiration to introduce a de nition of bounded frame homomorphism whose domain may be any frame E, not just the frame of open sets of the reals

Impact of Implementing Nursing Guidelines on Knowledge and Habits of Patients Receiving Radioactive Iodine

Background: Radioactive iodine is widely used in nuclear medicine. The radioactive iodine 131 (I-131) is generally utilized in patient with different thyroid disease. Aim of the study: Is to evaluate impact of implementing nursing guidelines on knowledge and habits of patients receiving radioactive iodine. Research design: interventional research design (Pre / post test) was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was conducted in nuclear medicine department at Sohage University Hospital. Sample: 60 patients were included in this study. Tools: Data collected by three tools Interview questionnaire sheet, patient’s knowledge questionnaire sheet and patient habits assessment sheet. Results: there were vital distinction between patients knowledge and habits post implementing nursing guidelines with P value (0.001*). Conclusion: providing nursing guidelines were largely effective on improving patients knowledge and correcting habits. Recommendation: Nurses should be aware by guidelines that given to patients after receiving radioactive iodine and inform patients about them, research should be applied on widely geographical area. Keywords: Nursing Guidelines, knowledge and habits, Radioactive iodine. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/61-07 Publication date: April 30th 201

Vulnerability and Weaknesses of Eating Habits of Overweight School Children as an Entry Risk for COVID-19

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, overweight among children becomes an alarming problem and a health concern. Obesity is a factor in disease severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) having the greatest impact on patients. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight in some of the Egyptian governmental primary school children, its nutritional and socioeconomic determinants. Special focus was directed to identify the current dietary practices including risky nutritional habits of overweight children as a weak point leading to increasing their vulnerability to catching COVID-19 infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on primary school children aged 6–12 years. General demographic data, socioeconomic data, dietary pattern, intake of a diversity of nutrient-rich food versus calorie-dense food, and anthropometrical data were collected. RESULTS: Of 1600 child, there were 8% overweight who are considered at risk of COVID-19 infection. Considering the weekly share of the stomach, only one-third of the food consumed by overweight children is nutrient-rich, with high consumption of French fries and Candies (once per day among 95% and 78 % of overweight children, respectively). Moreover, 90% of them consume sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) more than once per day. The majority of overweight children belonged to small, middle- income families, and had illiterate or read and write mothers. CONCLUSION: Overweight children eat narrow diversity of nutrient-rich food that includes vegetables, fruits, protein, and dairy products. They eat more calorie-dense foods, every day. The increase of family income increased the likelihood of having overweight children with a high intake of SSB, candies, and chips; consumption of snacks between meals and before sleep. Protective predictors against overweight were highly educated mothers, taking breakfast before school, having dinner, and taking meals on time. RECOMMENDATION: Nutritional behavioral education aiming at choosing nutritious and varied options of food that is effective for improving children’s nutritional status is the key to decreasing vulnerability toward COVID 19

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Thermal performance improvement for residential buildings in the tropics through the application of green façade and green roof

Green envelope strategies are a passive cooling technique adopted to lessen surfaces temperature due to the heat capacity storage of vegetation lower than the other structure materials. This research assesses the green façades and green roofs to rate heat transfer through building envelopes and cooling load. The research used the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) index to calculate the thermal performance of selected case studies and developed computational workflows. Moreover, the Green Building Studio simulated the annual energy consumption through bare and vegetated envelopes scenarios. Three tropical species climbers, Hedera Helix, AntigononLeptopus, and Lonicera Japonica, were chosen to assess the thermal impact of a green façade applied to a bare opaque wall. In comparison, the green roof's lawn was limited to a single variety (Cow grass). The results indicated that the Hedera Helix climber's thermal performance was superior to the other climbers. The implementation of green façade and green roof reduced OTTV and steady-state heat gain of roofs of case study buildings by 19 % and 90%, respectively. Thus, the overall annual and monthly energy consumption reduction achieved by 11% and 14%, respectively; in parallel, the annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from energy consumption dropped to 13%. On the other hand, the correlation between the annual cooling loads and corresponding OTTV for residential buildings revealed a strong relationship between the annual cooling load and the OTTV amount. Regarding the validation of the developed OTTV computational workflow, it was found that tolerance between the proposed systems and the manual calculation is approximately 0% to 2.17 % within the acceptable range. In conclusion, green facades and roofs help reduce the U-value of the building’s envelope, reduce heat transfer and lower cooling loads, carbon dioxide (CO2), and electricity costs. A simple and flexible approach to calculating the total heat transfer value (OTTV) and the proposed U-value with little human error and immediate results when determining the average heat transfer into a building

Dynamic Study of a Delayed Fractional-Order SEIR Epidemic Model with General Incidence and Treatment Functions

This study examines the global features of the SEIR epidemic model in its fractional-order version with time delay. General functions are considered to govern the infection transmission rate, and the rate at which diseased individuals are removed from the infected class. First, we form the proposed model in the Caputo case and perform fundamental mathematical analysis of the model solutions, such as checking for non-negativity and boundedness. The basic reproduction number R0 is then provided after computing the equilibrium points. Following that, sufficient criteria for the global stability of each equilibrium are checked using the relevant Lyapunov functions. It is shown that the characteristics of these general functions, along with the basic reproduction number R0, impact the model’s global features. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to show the viability and effectiveness of the derived analytical conclusions. According to the results, the system’s enhanced dynamic behavior and larger stability regions in equilibria demonstrate the influence of incorporating the time delay and fractional-order

Molecular study of some pathogenic bacteria associated with the diabetes patients

The study aimed to isolation and identification of aerobic bacteria from diabetic foot ulcers in diabetic patients and investigation the resistance of bacteria to antibiotic agents phenotypically and genotypically. The present study included 50 specimens collected from patients suffering from diabetic foot ulcer for both sexes with an age ranged between (20 -60) years. The results showed that 11 (22%) % isolates were belonged to P. aeroginosa, 8 (16%) isolates were K. pneumonia, followed by Acintobacter baumanii with 8(16%) isolates, Proteus mirabilis 6(12%), E.coli 5(10%), S. aereus 11(22%), and S. epidermidis 4(10%).&nbsp; The dominance bacterial isolates,&nbsp;&nbsp; were P. aeruginosa 11(22%), K.pneumonia 8(16%), and A. baumanii 8(16%) that isolated and diagnosed from clinical specimens of diabetic foot ulcer and detect the antibacterial resistance phenotypically and genotypically