Secondary abdominal pregnancy: a case report

An ectopic pregnancy is a condition in which a fertilized egg settles and grows in any location other than the inner lining of the uterus. The vast majority of ectopic pregnancies is so-called tubal pregnancies and occurs in the Fallopian tube (98%); however, they can occur in other locations, such as the ovary, cervix, and abdominal cavity. Abdominal pregnancies represent just about 1% of ectopic pregnancies. The incidence of abdominal pregnancy   ranges between 1:10000 pregnancies and 1:30000 pregnancies.Maternal mortality and morbidity are also very high especially if the condition is not diagnosed and managed appropriately. Abdominal pregnancy at term with a healthy viable fetus is therefore an extremely rare condition hence we present a case of abdominal pregnancy for publication

A rare case of complete hydatidiform mole with a live fetus: a case report

Twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole represents a very rare obstetric problem resulting in a healthy take-home baby with only 56 cases documented in detail in literature. The main issue is to differentiate between two diagnoses: dichorionic twin pregnancy with normal fetus (46 chromosomes, 23 maternal and 23 paternal) and complete molar pregnancy (46 chromosomes, all paternal) and singleton pregnancy consisting of a triploid fetus with partial hydatidiform mole placenta (69 chromosomes, 23 maternal and 46 paternal). Management of such cases is always problematic because the possibility of fetal survival should always be weighed against the risk of complications of molar pregnancy. The specimen was received for histopathological examination and fixed in 10% formalin for processing. After gross analysis representative sections were given for tissue processing. Sections were processed routinely with paraffin embedding and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In the present report a case of   25-year-old woman who presented to the center referred from peripheral center with 27 weeks of gestation, diagnosed as twin pregnancy with molar pregnancy and single live fetus

A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT OF STROKE AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of stroke and its management with various risk factors, i.e. non-modifiable and modifiable at a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: It is a prospective and observational study conducted over a period of six months including established cases of stroke. The study was carried out in100 patients to evaluate risk factors and management of stroke. The data obtained with the designed data collection form were analyzed using Odds ratio and Chi-Square test.Results: Ischemic stroke accounted for 70% of cases followed by Intracerebral Hemorrhage (20%) Subarachnoid hemorrhage (5%) and Transient Ischemic Attack (5%). Out of 100 patients, there were 74 male and 26 female patients, indicating males at higher risk. Majority of patients were between the age group 41-60 y. based on the Odds ratio hypertensive and alcoholics were more prone to stroke occurrence and recurrence. Chi-Square test performed for age and gender was not significant at significance level P<0.05.Conclusion: In this study, ischemic stroke was most prevalent. Hypertension was the major risk factor indicating strong evidence of stroke occurrence and recurrence. The factors having the major implication in the development of stroke were Hypertension, Alcoholism, Smoking, Diabetes Mellitus, Epilepsy, Coronary Artery Disease, Tobacco, and others. Proper management includes non-pharmacological (physiotherapy) along with pharmacological treatment (Osmotic diuretics were most commonly prescribed followed by hypolipidemics, cognition enhancers, anticoagulants, dual antihypertensive therapy)

Original research article on cystic ovarian lesions diagnosed as teratomas - a 2 year study in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The incidence of dermoid cyst accounts for approximately 20% of all ovarian tumours. They occur more commonly in reproductive age group of women and are usually unilateral. This study is conducted to evaluate the clinical and pathologic presentation of mature cystic teratomas. Dermoid cyst is the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumor.Methods: A 2yr retrospective and prospective study is done at tertiary care centre hospital of which around 180 patients with ovarian cysts were included of which 29 cases are diagnosed as teratomas are included. . Hysterectomy specimens along with adnexa were received for histopathological examination, and tissues were fixed in 10% formalin for processing.  Sections were processed routinely with paraffin embedding and stained with haematoxylin and eosin.Results: Cystic teratomas constituted 16.1% of all ovarian cystic lesions diagnosed and treated at our institution during the study period. The median of age was 34years. Abdominal or pelvic pain was the most frequent symptom for presentation in 62%of the cases. The rate of bilateral cystic teratomas of the ovary was 7%. The incidence of torsion was 3.3%, and was the highest in all complications. Histopathological evaluation has detected 96.6 % cases of mature teratomas, and 3.4% cases of immature teratomas.Conclusions: Mature cystic teratoma is the most common germ cell tumor and accounts for about 33% of all ovarian neoplasm

Quantification of Sickle Cells in the Peripheral Smear as a Marker of Disease Severity in Sickle Cell Disease in Paediatric Patients

Background: Sickle cells are easily identified on the peripheral smear however quantification of sickle cells is seldom done. This study attempts to understand the importance of the sickling index in the reporting of peripheral smear in patients with SCD. Objectives: This study aims to standardize the methodology of quantification of sickle cells on the peripheral smear in paediatric SCD cases and study its relation to the patient characteristics like age and sex, SCD genotype, and treatment. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 6 months duration was conducted at a tertiary paediatric referral hospital for 6 months. 30 known cases of SCD were admitted during this period. Routinely studied peripheral smears were used in the study. 30 normal smears of age-matched patients were also used for comparative purpose. The sickling index was calculated in both patient and age matched smears. The sickling index was compared in both the groups and also the index in the known SCD cases was studied in relation to the patient's age, SCD genotype, and treatment with blood transfusions or hydroxyurea. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were used in the study Results & Conclusion: Hb SS was the commonest genotype seen in 69% of the cases. Higher sickling index was noted in older children, SS genotype and those on treatment with blood transfusions or Hydroxyurea. Sickling index is an interesting prospect which may provide helpful information regarding cases with increasing hemolysis and vasocclusive crises and also help in follow up of patients on treatment. Keywords: Paediatric, Disease severity, Sickling inde