Mechanical Vibration and Chewing Gum Methods in Orthodontic Pain Relief

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the pain relief effects of chewing gum and mechanical vibration methods on orthodontic pain caused by the initial archwire.Methods: In this study, 57 patients, having a 3-6 mm maxillary dental crowding and non-extraction treatment modality were included. The pressure pain thresholds of the subjects were measured. Patients were distributed equally by sex and randomly allocated into 3 groups: mechanical vibration, chewing gum, and control. The fixed orthodontic treatment was started in the upper jaw only. In the first and second groups, mechanical vibration was applied and sugar-free gum was chewed, respectively. The third group was used as the control. The pain perceptions were measured using the Visual Analog Scale. Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: The groups were similar at the beginning of the study in terms of age and algometer scores (P = .138 and P =.155, respectively). Statistical significant differences in the Visual Analog Scale scores among the groups could not be detected at any time point. The highest pain scores were detected at the 24th hour of treatment in all 3 groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the highest pain level among the groups (P = .279).Conclusion: Although the average pain values were perceived as lower, particularly in the mechanical vibration group, the temporary displacement of the teeth has no clinically significant pain relief effect on orthodontic pain

A modeling study with 4th graders

People need effective writing skills to successfully maintain their personal development and academic life. This research studies, the correlations among primary school 4th graders’ writing anxiety, writing attitude, and writing self-efficacy. The research has been designed in the correlational survey model; and a total of 255 primary school 4th-grade students, 95 male and 160 female, participated voluntarily in the research. Three psychometric tools have been used for data collection. Due to small number of participants, the data have been analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling. According to the results, primary school 4th-grade students’ writing attitude does not significantly affect writing anxiety (H1). Moreover, writing self-efficacy does not have a significant effect on writing anxiety (H2) as well. However, writing self-efficacy significantly affects writing attitude (H3). The success of writing depends on the students’ writing self-efficacy, attitude towards writing, and writing anxiety. In order for successful writing, the level of self-efficacy should be high, the attitude towards writing should be positive and there should be no anxiety about writing

Comparison of the Changes Following Two Treatment Approaches: Rapid Maxillary Expansion Versus Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction

Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hard and soft tissue changes following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) therapies.Methods:A total of 54 patients who needed maxillary expansion or Alt-RAMEC procedure were recruited and divided into two groups (27 subjects in the RME group and 27 subjects in the Alt-RAMEC group). Expansion screw was activated 0.5 mm/day (2 turns/day) in the RME group. Approximately 11 mm of expansion was achieved. In the Alt-RAMEC group, the screw was activated 1 mm/day (4 turns/day) during a period of 4 weeks. In the first and third weeks, the screw was opened; in the second and fourth weeks, the screw was closed. Cephalometric tracing and analyzing were done with the aid of digital software. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) RME and Alt-RAMEC applications.Results:In the RME group, the maxilla moved forward and downward. Upper incisor retrusion was observed according to the reference planes. In addition, the tip of the nose moved forward, and the upper lip moved downward. In the Alt-RAMEC group, the nasolabial angle became more obtuse, and the stomion superius moved backward and downward.Conclusion:RME therapy resulted in skeletal and dental changes in the maxilla and related structures, favoring a contribution to solving Class III problems. No remarkable changes were recorded in the Alt-RAMEC group

Laparoscopic treatment of morgagni hernia: Two case reports

Morgagni hernias account for only 2–3% of all diaphragmatic hernias, and most of them (91%) are rightsided. Most Morgagni hernias are diagnosed in childhood, but rarely diagnosis may be late because they can be asymptomatic or present nonspecific-nonrespiratory symptoms. Thus, Morgagni hernia diagnosis is incidental in the majority of adulthood cases. The defect arises from a fusion failure of the diaphragm with the central arches. Surgery is the main treatment modality of the Morgagni hernia due to defect enlargement and strangulation- incarceration risks. In this paper, we present two Morgagni hernia cases treated with laparoscopic surgery. Minimal invasive techniques can be used in Morgagni hernia with all advantages

A novel framework using deep auto-encoders based linear model for data classification

This paper proposes a novel data classification framework, combining sparse auto-encoders (SAEs) and a post-processing system consisting of a linear system model relying on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. All the sensitive and high-level features are extracted by using the first auto-encoder which is wired to the second auto-encoder, followed by a Softmax function layer to classify the extracted features obtained from the second layer. The two auto-encoders and the Softmax classifier are stacked in order to be trained in a supervised approach using the well-known backpropagation algorithm to enhance the performance of the neural network. Afterwards, the linear model transforms the calculated output of the deep stacked sparse auto-encoder to a value close to the anticipated output. This simple transformation increases the overall data classification performance of the stacked sparse auto-encoder architecture. The PSO algorithm allows the estimation of the parameters of the linear model in a metaheuristic policy. The proposed framework is validated by using three public datasets, which present promising results when compared with the current literature. Furthermore, the framework can be applied to any data classification problem by considering minor updates such as altering some parameters including input features, hidden neurons and output classes. Keywords: deep sparse auto-encoders, medical diagnosis, linear model, data classification, PSO algorithmpublishedVersio

The World of Defacers: Looking through the Lens of Their Activities on Twitter

Many web-based attacks have been studied to understand how web hackers behave, but web site defacement attacks (malicious content manipulations of victim web sites) and defacers’ behaviors have received less attention from researchers. This paper fills this research gap via a computational data-driven analysis of a public database of defacers and defacement attacks and activities of 96 selected defacers who were active on Twitter. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data: an analysis of a friendship graph with 10,360 nodes, an analysis on how sentiments of defacers related to attack patterns, and a topical modelling based analysis to study what defacers discussed publicly on Twitter. Our analysis revealed a number of key findings: a modular and hierarchical clustering method can help discover interesting sub-communities of defacers; sentiment analysis can help categorize behaviors of defacers in terms of attack patterns; and topic modelling revealed some focus topics (politics, country-specific topics, and technical discussions) among defacers on Twitter and also geographic links of defacers sharing similar topics. We believe that these findings are useful for a better understanding of defacers' behaviors, which could help design and development of better solutions for detecting defacers and even preventing impeding defacement attacks

ORTA KARADENİZ TOPLUMUNDA DENTAL ANOMALİLERİN GÖRÜLME SIKLIĞI

ÖZETAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Orta Karadeniz toplumunda dental anomalilerin görülme sıklığının değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma çeşitli dental problemlerden dolayı, tedavi olmak amacıyla Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesine başvuran, 15- 60 yaş arası toplam 3795 (2357 kadın, 1438 erkek) bireyin muayeneleri amacıyla rutin olarak alınmış olan, panoramik röntgen filmleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Filmler üzerinde; gömülü dişler, alt keser diş eksiklikleri, transpozisyona uğramış dişler ve sürnümerer dişler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 3. molar dişler dahil edilmemiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen bireylerde, incelenen dental anomalilerin toplam görülme sıklığı %6,58 (kadın:148 birey, %6,27, erkek:102 birey, %7,09) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu anomaliler içerisinde gömülü diş görülme sıklığı %4,29 (kadın:101 birey, %4,28; erkek:62 birey, %4,31), alt keser diş eksikliği görülme sıklığı %1,10 (kadın:26 birey, %1,10; erkek:16 birey, %1,11), transpozisyon görülme sıklığı %0,28 (kadın:9 birey, %0,38; erkek:2 birey, %0,13) ve sürnümerer diş görülme sıklığı %0,89 (kadın:12 birey, %0,50; erkek:22 birey, %1,52) olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca transmigrasyona uğramış gömülü mandibuler kanin prevalansı %0,13 (kadın:3 birey, %0,12; erkek:2 birey, %0,14) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonucunda yalnızca sürnümerer dişlerin değerlendirilmesinde cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark elde edilmiş, diğer anomalilerde cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edilememiştir.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda incelenen dental anomaliler arasında görülme sıklığı en fazla olan anomalinin diş gömülülüğü olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, daha sonra sırasıyla alt keser diş eksikliği, sürnümerer diş ve transpozisyon gelmektedir. Diş hekimlerinin yalnızca klinik muayene ile tespit edilemeyecek dental anomaliler ile karşılaşabileceklerinin farkında olmaları ve radyografik muayenelerini ihmal etmemeleri gerekmektedir

Comparison of Anastomosis Safety in Colonic Dissections Using Scalpel, Scissors and Cautery in Rats: Experimental Study

Objective:Postoperative anastomotic leakage is still an issue in modern surgery. Re-hospitalization due to postoperative anastomosis leakage prolongs hospital stay and re-operations increase the cost. There is still no consent on how to dissect the intestines. The objective of the present study is to analyze the safety of colonic anastomoses after dissections using scalpel, scissors and cautery in rats.Method:There were 4 groups of 32 Wistar Hannover adult rodents. Each group consisted of 8 animals: group 1: sham, group 2: scalpel, group 3: scissors, group 4: cautery. Anastomosis was done over a single layer. Bursting pressure (BP) was measured at day 7. Tissue and blood samples were taken for the evaluation of biochemical and histopathological parameters.Results:Statistically significant disparity was seen among the sham, scalpel, scissors and cautery groups regarding the mean BP average, mean hydroxyproline levels and fibrosis distributions.Conclusion:Cautery is the best choice for hemostasis; however, when considering tissue healing, scalpel and the scissors were found to be safest alternatives

Dıscrete-tıme ımplementatıon of harmonıc control arrays method

HARMONİK DENETİM DİZİLERİ YÖNTEMİNİN AYRIK ZAMAN UYGULAMASIHarmonik Denetim Dizileri, tekrar eden referanslı veya/ve bozunumlu sistemlerde hata işaretini en aza indirmek için denetim (kontrol) işaretinin Fourier serisi açılımı bileşenlerini (yani harmonik bileşenlerini) düzenleme yoluyla çalışan bir yöntemdir. Yöntem üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır:Harmonik Dağıtıcı adı verilen ilk aşamada, hata (girdi) işareti daha önce belirlenen bir sayıdaki harmonik bileşenlerine dönüştürülür ve bu aşama bittikten sonra hata işaretinin harmonik bileşenlerinden oluşan bir vektör elde edilir.İkinci aşamada, istenilen bir denetim yöntemi her bir harmonik bileşene ayrı ayrı uygulanır ve denetim işaretinin harmonik bileşenlerinden oluşan bir vektör hesaplanır.Harmonik Toparlayıcı adı verilen son aşamada ise, denetim işaretinin harmonik bileşenleri vektörü yekpare bir denetim işareti oluşturacak şekilde bir araya getirilir (yani ters dönüşüm uygulanır).Denetim hesaplarından sonra, denetim işareti tesise/yüke uygun bir şekilde uygulanır.Bu tez çalışmasında denetim birimi olarak bir mikrodenetleyici kullanılarak Harmonik Denetim Dizileri yönteminin ayrık zamanlı olarak uygulanması üzerine yapılan çeşitli deneyler sunulmuş, kullanılan malzemeler tanıtılmış, sonuçlar verilmiş ve bu sonuçlar üzerine yorumlar yapılmıştır. Farklı deney düzenekleri için bir direnç ve bir kondansatörden oluşan basit bir alçak geçiren süzgeç devresi, doğrusal olmayan bir elektronik devre, hem soğutma hem de ısıtma yapabilen, alüminyum soğutucu ve fanıyla beraber bir termoelektrik soğutucu kontrol edilmiş ve sistemlere farklı periyodik gerilim ve sıcaklık işaretleri uygulanmıştır.--------------------DISCRETE-TIME IMPLEMENTATION OF HARMONIC CONTROL ARRAYSThe method of Harmonic Control Arrays is based on adjusting the Fourier series representation components (i.e. harmonic components) of the control signal for minimizing the error signal for repetitive referenced or/and disturbed systems. This method consists of three stages:In the first stage, named Harmonic Disperser, the error (or input) signal is transformed into its previously determined number of harmonic components and after this stage completes, a vector of harmonic components of the error signal is obtained.In the second stage, selected control type is applied to each harmonic component and a vector of harmonic components of the control signals is calculated.In the final stage, named Harmonic Assembler, the vector of control signals are reconstructed (i.e. inverse transformed) into a single complete control signal.After the control calculations, the control signal can be applied to the plant in an eligible way.In this thesis study several sets of experimental studies of discrete-time implementation of Harmonic Control Arrays with a microcontroller as the control unit has been represented, materials used are introduced, and the results and some comments about them have been provided. A low-pass filter consisting of a resistor and a capacitor, a nonlinear electronic circuit, and a thermoelectric system that can both heat up and cool down with its aluminum fins and a fan have been chosen as the plants for different experimental examples, and different periodic voltage and temperature reference signals have been applied on them for testing the method