Phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity and in vitro anticancer potential of ethanolic and water leaves extracts of Annona muricata (Graviola)

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the phytochemical composition, antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethanolic and water leaves extracts of Annona muricata (A. muricata) from the Eastern Uganda.MethodsPhytochemical screening was conducted using standard qualitative methods and a Chi-square goodness of fit test was used to assign the relative abundance of the different phytochemicals. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power methods whereas the in vitro anticancer activity was determined using three different cell lines.ResultsPhytochemical screening of the extracts revealed that they were rich in secondary class metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins and lactones, anthraquinones, tannins, cardiac glycosides, phenols and phytosterols. Total phenolics in the water extract were (683.69±0.09) μg/mL gallic acid equivalents (GAE) while it was (372.92±0.15) μg/mL GAE in the ethanolic extract. The reducing power was 216.41 μg/mL in the water extract and 470.51 μg/mL GAE in the ethanolic extract. In vitro antioxidant activity IC50 was 2.0456 mg/mL and 0.9077 mg/mL for ethanolic and water leaves extracts of A. muricata respectively. The ethanolic leaves extract was found to be selectively cytotoxic in vitro to tumor cell lines (EACC, MDA and SKBR3) with IC50 values of 335.85 μg/mL, 248.77 μg/mL, 202.33 μg/mL respectively, while it had no cytotoxic effect on normal spleen cells. The data also showed that water leaves extract of A. muricata had no anticancer effect at all tested concentrations.ConclusionsThe results showed that A. muricata was a promising new antioxidant and anticancer agent

Enteromorpha Compressa, Gelidium pulchrum, Macro algae from Egypt Exhibit Potent Anticancer, Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory Activities

Over the past several decades, algae and their extracts have generated an enormous amount of interest in the pharmaceutical industry as a fresh source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of absolute and aqueous (50%) methanol extracts of both Gelidium pulchrum and Enteromorpha compressa algae. In vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts was tested by MTT and trypan blue technique against two malignant cell lines (HeLa and EACC). The effect of methanol extracts on caspase-3 and Bax gene protein expression levels was evaluated as indicator of apoptosis induction in treated- Hela cells. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using three methods,(DPPH, Reducing power and ABTS) andanti-inflammatory activity measured by two systems (in vivo and in vitro). The obtained results showed that all studied extracts expressed significant in vitro cytotoxic activity toward HeLa, and EACC cell lines. The data revealed up regulation of both Bax and caspase-3 protein expressions levels in treated-HeLa cell line. In DPPH assay aqueous MeOH extracts of Gelidium pulchrum exhibit maximum inhibition (IC50= 51±2.3). The highest reducing power was 179.3±4.7µg/mL GAE in aqueous MeOH extract of Gelidium pulchrum. The data also showed that all tested extracts have anti-nflammatory activity against carrgeenan induced paw oedema. While absolute MeOH extract of Gelidium pulchrum has maximum protection (71.7±1.7 %) in membrane stabilization test. Data obtained indicate the potential of these algal extracts for the antitumor through induction of apoptosis in cancer cells in addition to, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. This biological action   is interesting for further isolation and identification of new  natural anticancer and antioxidant compounds

Enteromorpha Compressa, Gelidium pulchrum, Macro algae from Egypt Exhibit Potent Anticancer, Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory Activities

Over the past several decades, algae and their extracts have generated an enormous amount of interest in the pharmaceutical industry as a fresh source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of absolute and aqueous (50%) methanol extracts of both Gelidium pulchrum and Enteromorpha compressa algae. In vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts was tested by MTT and trypan blue technique against two malignant cell lines (HeLa and EACC). The effect of methanol extracts on caspase-3 and Bax gene protein expression levels was evaluated as indicator of apoptosis induction in treated- Hela cells. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using three methods,(DPPH, Reducing power and ABTS) andanti-inflammatory activity measured by two systems (in vivo and in vitro). The obtained results showed that all studied extracts expressed significant in vitro cytotoxic activity toward HeLa, and EACC cell lines. The data revealed up regulation of both Bax and caspase-3 protein expressions levels in treated-HeLa cell line. In DPPH assay aqueous MeOH extracts of Gelidium pulchrum exhibit maximum inhibition (IC50= 51±2.3). The highest reducing power was 179.3±4.7µg/mL GAE in aqueous MeOH extract of Gelidium pulchrum. The data also showed that all tested extracts have anti-nflammatory activity against carrgeenan induced paw oedema. While absolute MeOH extract of Gelidium pulchrum has maximum protection (71.7±1.7 %) in membrane stabilization test. Data obtained indicate the potential of these algal extracts for the antitumor through induction of apoptosis in cancer cells in addition to, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. This biological action   is interesting for further isolation and identification of new  natural anticancer and antioxidant compounds