Association of Fibronectin, Leptin and LDL-Oxide Serum Levels With Coronary Artery Disease in Non-smoker and Non-diabetic Patients

Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death of women and men worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction, smoker, diabetic, cell adhesion and oxidative stress may be considered as novel risk factors of CAD. These materials are cooperative events involved in atherosclerosis development. In the present study the serum levels of fibronectin, leptin and LDL-oxide were investigated in patients of CAD including non-smoker and non-diabetic with control group. Measurement of these parameters helps to prevent and treat the disease. Materials and Methods: In this study we measured serum levels of fibronectin, leptin and LDL-oxide in 200 individuals including 100 patients with CAD and 100 individuals as control group. Also patients with malignancy, renal and liver diseases and other disease were excluded from the study. Serum leptin and fibronectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method using kits from German Imediagnostic and Chinese Crystal Day companies, respectively. Moreover, ELISA procedures were used to determine the serum LDL-oxide. Results: The serum levels of fibronectin, leptin and LDL-oxide were increased significantly as compared to control group (P ≤ 0.05 in all cases). It seems that there was strong (+) correlation between fibronectin, leptin and LDL-oxide in CAD. Conclusion: It was concluded that endothelial dysfunction, cell adhesion and stress oxidative are cooperative events involved in atherosclerosis development. Fibronectin, leptin and LDL-oxide have become greatly important in pathogenesis of CAD. Association between fibronectin, leptin and stress oxidative suggest that their involvement in development of atherosclerosis can be used as detective measure

Association between inflammatory factor, lipid peroxidation and total-antioxidant in non-diabetic patients of coronary artery disease

Introduction: The oxidative stress and inflammation are cooperative events involved in atherosclerosis development. In the present study, we assessed the association ofmalondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant markers, high sensitive C-reactive protein (HS-CRP)and lipid status parameters in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) orvessel heart disease (VHD). Significant risk factors such as diabetes were excluded from thestudy. Methods: Oxidative stress parameters for example MDA, antioxidant markers including:erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), inflammation marker and serum lipid status parameters were measured in 120 subjects including 60 CAD patients (non-diabetic) with angiographically diagnosed CADand 60 CAD-free subjects as a control group, also diabetic patients with malignancy, renal andliver disease, and other disease were excluded from the study. Results: The serum MDA and HS-CRP levels were increased significantly as compared to thecontrols. However, erythrocyte SOD, GPX activities and TAC level were reduced significantly in patients (non-diabetic) (P < 0.05 in all cases). The levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were significantly higher andthat of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was significantly lower than those ofcontrols (P < 0.05 in all cases). Conclusion: The association between oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant markers, theinflammation index and lipid status parameters suggest their involvement in atherosclerosis development that may lead to CAD progression

Correlation of Serum Levels of Vitronectin, Malondialdehyde and Hs-CRP With Disease Severity in Coronary Artery Disease

Introduction: Vitronectin (VN), malondialdehyde (MDA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive rotein (hs-CRP) are cooperative agents involved in the atherosclerosis process. The study was conducted to assess the correlation of VN, MDA and hs-CRP with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Parameters such as serum VN, MDA and hs-CRP were measured in 250 subjects including 200 patients with angiographically diagnosed CAD (50 subjects with non-significant CAD, 50 with single vessel disease, 50 with double vessel disease, and 50 with triple vessel disease) and 50 CAD-free subjects as a control group. Serum VN was measured with ELISA; MDA was measured based on reaction with thiobarbituric acid (TBA); and hs-CRP level was measured by a Commercial Kit by Immunoturbidimetry. Results: Serum VN, MDA and hs-CRP were significantly higher in patient groups compared to control group (P<.05). The mean value of MDA between 1 vessel and 3 vessel groups had significant difference (P=.01), also mean value of MDA between 2 vessel and control group and normal group showed significant difference (P<.001). The difference of MDA between 3 vessel and normal and 1 vessel and control group was significant (P<.001). Conclusion: The association and correlation between VN, MDA and hs-CRP indicate their involvement in the atherosclerosis process that may lead to progression of CAD. Also, these findings suggested that serum levels of VN, MDA and hs-CRP can help as diagnostic and monitoring markers in CAD patients and as markers of disease severity

Evaluation of hs-CRP, Antioxidant Markers andMDA in Patients of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Containing Non-Smokers and Non-Diabetics

Background: The oxidative stress and inflammation are cooperative events involved in atherosclerosis development. In the present study we assessed the association of MDA, antioxidant markers, high sensitive C - reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid status parameters in the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Significant risk factors such as cigarette and diabet were excluded from the study. Methods: Oxidative stress parameters for example Malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant markers including: erythrocyte superoxide dismutase(SOD), Glutathion peroxidase (GPX), Total antioxidant capacity(TAC), The inflammation marker and serum lipid status parameters were measured in 120 subjects including 60 CAD patients with angiographically diagnosed CAD and 60 CAD-free subjects as a control group, also diabetics, smoking patients, patients with malignancy, renal and liver disease, and other disease were excluded from the study. Results: The serum MDA and hs-CRP levels were increased significantly as compared to controls. However, erythrocyte SOD, GPX activities and TAC level were reduced significantly in patients (P‹0.05 in all cases). The levels of total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-C were significantly higher and that of HDL-C was meaningfully lower than those of control (P‹0.05 in all cases). Conclusion: The association between oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant markers, the inflammation index and lipid status parameters suggest their involvement in atherosclerosis development that may lead to CAD progressio

Molecular mechanisms of sex hormones in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a form of brain disorder characterized by various pathological changes in the brain. Numerous studies have shown that sex hormones are involved in the disease. For instance, progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone are well-known steroid sex hormones that play an essential role in AD pathogenesis. The Gender-dependency of AD is attributed to the effect of these hormones on the brain, which plays a neuroprotective role. In recent years, much research has been performed on the protective role of these hormones against nerve cell damage, which are promising for AD management. Hence, in the current review, we aim to decipher the protective role of steroid hormones in AD. Accordingly, we will discuss their functional mechanisms at the genomic and non-genomic scales

Gene polymorphism of leptin and risk for heart disease, obesity, and high BMI: a systematic review and pooled analysis in adult obese subjects

Objectives Leptin polymorphism (LEP) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CAD), obesity, and high body mass index (BMI). However, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to discover the association because previous studies reached different conclusions. Methods Review Manager, version 5.3.5, and Stata, version 15.0, were used for statistical analysis. We calculated the effect size of the studies using the OR with the corresponding 95% CI, and two-sided (bilateral) p-values of 0.05 were considered significant. To determine heterogeneity among the selected studies, the Q test and I2 statistics were used. Meta-regression was used to examine the disease (heart disease, obesity, and high BMI) and heterogeneity between these subgroups. Results Eleven studies with 18,984 subjects were included in this study. The G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) polymorphisms of the leptin gene (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our pooled analysis revealed an association between the G-2548A (rs12112075) polymorphism and heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. This indicates that individuals carrying the AA allele are at an increased risk for heart disease, high BMI, and obesity. People with heart failure and coronary artery disease did not have the rs7799039 polymorphism or its alleles linked to them. Conclusions Combined analysis of data from current and published research suggests that the leptin gene polymorphisms G-2548A (rs12112075), rs7799039, and A19G (rs2167270) (but not the Lys656Asn (rs1805094) polymorphism) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to understand this association

Investigation of serum levels of orexin-A, transforming growth factor beta, and leptin in patients with multiple sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease affecting various inflammatory and nutritional parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) of MS patients and the serum levels of leptin, orexin-A, and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 25 patients suffering from MS and 40 healthy individuals as the case and control groups, respectively. The serum levels of leptin, orexin-A, and TGF-beta were assessed in the participants using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistical indices, t-test, chi-square test, and linear regression test. Results: According to our results, the participants' mean age was 38.04 +/- 7.53 and 40.23 +/- 5.88 in the case and control groups, respectively. Also, the groups were riot significantly different in gender, age, alcohol consumption, and smoking (p > 0.05). It was found that the mean serum levels of orexin-A and TGF-beta were significantly lower in the MS patients compared to the control group, while the mean serum leptin levels were significantly higher (42.8 vs. 18.9 ng/ml, p 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, we found significantly lower levels of orexin-A and TGF-beta and a significantly higher level of leptin in the MS patients compared to the control group. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the BMI and the serum levels of orexin-A, TGF-beta, and leptin in MS patients.Tabriz University of Medical Sciences [ID.: IR T.B.Z.M.E.D.REC.1398.527]The study was supported and sponsored by the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (ID.: IR T.B.Z.M.E.D.REC.1398.527)