Challenge of clinical education for critical care nursing students: qualitative content analysis

زمینه و هدف: آموزش بالینی بخش مهمی از آموزش دانشجویان پرستاری بخصوص دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری مراقبت ویژه است. لذا دقت نظر در خصوص آموزش بالینی از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. این مطالعه با هدف تبیین تجارب و چالشهای دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری مراقبت ویژه در خصوص آموزش بالینی طی رویکرد کیفی انجام شده است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه کیفی به روش تحلیل محتوای قراردادی در فاصله فروردین تا شهریور 1392 در دانشکده پرستاری و مامائی تهران انجام شده است. در مجموع 26 مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند از 15نفر دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری مراقبت ویژه که با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند وارد مطالعه شدند، انجام شد. جمع آوری داده ها تا رسیدن به اشباع داده ها ادامه پیدا کرد. مدت مصاحبه ها بین 30 تا 60 دقیقه بود.تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با روش آنالیز محتوای قراردادی انجام شد. یافته ها : از 15 شرکت کننده در مطالعه، 9 نفر زن و 6 نفر مرد بودند. دامنه سنی آنان بین 25 تا 34 سال بود. در مجموع 310کداولیه از متن مصاحبه‌ها استخراج شده که به دلیل تقریب مفهومی دو طبقه اصلی عوامل درونی و عوامل بیرونی شکل گرفت. در طبقه عوامل درونی زیر طبقات عدم هویت حرفه ای، عدم انگیزه و تجربه قبلی، و در طبقه عوامل بیرونی؛ تعاملات حرفه ای، عدم همخوانی آموزش نظزی و بالینی و مربی ناکارامد قرار گرفتند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته های پژوهش، عوامل درونی و بیرونی متعددی در آموزش بالینی دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری مراقبت ویژه لازم است وتوجه به این عوامل درونی وبیرونی منجر به افزایش یادگیری دانشجویان این رشته می شود. توجه به عوامل درونی همچون انگیزه دانشجویان، تجربه قبلی و هویت حرفه ای آنها و همچنین عوامل بیرونی همچون انتخاب مربیان کارامد وشایسته، تعاملات حرفه ای و فراهم اوردن محیط مناسب می تواند در رفع چالشهای آموزشی این دانشجویان کمک کننده باشد

Nursing in the Pre-paradigm or Paradigm Stage?

Introduction: The modern use of the word paradigm began with the theoretical ideas of Thomas Kuhn and then the scientific revolution occurred. Paradigm is a set of concepts accepted by scientists in their study area and provides a framework in which scientists can solve scientific problems. Paradigm is what separates science from nonscience. Method: This review was undertaken by library studies using databases such as CINHAL, Proquest, Science direct, Magiran and SID. Results: Nursing paradigm, like the foundation of a building, determines the goals and boundaries of nursing. In nursing, paradigm is based on shared values, and assumptions related to key concepts such as the individual, health, environment, and nursing. The boundaries of key concepts are reflected in teaching or nursing culture, work experiences, and values which affect our observations of events and situations. These are the foundation for creating the key concepts of nursing. Conclusion: Some believe that nursing may not have a normal science period therefore, they believe it is in its paradigm period. Others believe that if we accept that nursing is in the preparadigm stage then it cannot be considered a science therefore, because it has a philosophy and is a science it is in the paradigm stage. Keywords: Paradigm, Nursing, Pre-paradigm, Nursing Scienc

A clinical study of the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra plant and exercise on the quality of life of menopausal women

BACKGROUND: Most women experience significant changes during and after menopause which causes various complications of menopause and the changes in quality of their life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra plant and exercise on quality of life (QOL) of menopausal women. METHODS: This clinical experiment was performed in Arak, Iran. The study subjects consisted of 120 menopausal women. The participants were selected through convenience method and randomly divided into 4 groups of 30 subjects. Group 1 participants were administered 3 Glycyrrhiza glabra tablets daily. Group 2 participants had a regular exercise program. Group 3 participants were simultaneously administered Glycyrrhiza glabr tablets like group 1 and had an exercise program like group 2. Group 4 received no intervention. The participants’ QOL was investigated before and 1 month after the intervention using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software using Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests, and variance analysis. RESULTS: No significant difference between the four groups in terms of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual health, and QOL based on the Kruskal-Wallis test before the intervention. However, a significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual health and QOL after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed the efficacy of Glycyrrhiza glabra and exercise programs in controlling the symptoms of menopause. It is recommended that postmenopausal women use exercise programs and Glycyrrhiza glabra to control menopausal symptoms

Comparison of the Effect of Three Methods of Education (Inquiry-based, Bedside Education and Routine Approach to Clinical Education) on Critical Care Nursing Students' Clinical Learning

Background & Objective: Regarding the importance of nursing education promotion, there is a need to use methods that have the ability to create knowledge and skills in students. This study aimed to assess the effect of education (inquiry, bedside education and routine approach to clinical education) on critical care nursing students' clinical learning. Methods: This quasi-experimental study performed in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Valiasr hospital in Arak, Iran, during Octobers to March 2014. The subjects were 60 nursing students who were selected via census method and randomly were divided into three groups of 20 subjects. After the administration of pretest, students in the control group were educated using common method; in one of the experimental groups, the inquiry-based method and the other group, bedside method were used for education for 10 days. Then, the three groups completed the questionnaires at the end of education again (posttest). Finally, data were analyzed using ANOVA, paired-t and independent-t tests. Results: The mean total score of the clinical skills and cognitive domain was significantly difference among the three groups after the intervention (F = 136.75, degree of freedom = 2, P = 0.0001). After testing the homogeneity hypothesis of variances and using Games-Howell post-hoc tests, the total scores of training in bedside and inquiry-based education were significantly more than the routine training after the intervention (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: It seems that two methods inquiry-based and bedside education enhanced clinical skills of students. Therefore, it is recommended to use these two methods of clinical educating to enhance students’ clinical learning. Key Words: Inquiry-based education, Bedside education, Routine approach to clinical education, Nursing student

A clinical study of the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra plant and exercise on the quality of life of menopausal women

BACKGROUND: Most women experience significant changes during and after menopause which causes various complications of menopause and the changes in quality of their life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra plant and exercise on quality of life (QOL) of menopausal women. METHODS: This clinical experiment was performed in Arak, Iran. The study subjects consisted of 120 menopausal women. The participants were selected through convenience method and randomly divided into 4 groups of 30 subjects. Group 1 participants were administered 3 Glycyrrhiza glabra tablets daily. Group 2 participants had a regular exercise program. Group 3 participants were simultaneously administered Glycyrrhiza glabr tablets like group 1 and had an exercise program like group 2. Group 4 received no intervention. The participants’ QOL was investigated before and 1 month after the intervention using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software using Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests, and variance analysis. RESULTS: No significant difference between the four groups in terms of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual health, and QOL based on the Kruskal-Wallis test before the intervention. However, a significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual health and QOL after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed the efficacy of Glycyrrhiza glabra and exercise programs in controlling the symptoms of menopause. It is recommended that postmenopausal women use exercise programs and Glycyrrhiza glabra to control menopausal symptoms

The Effect of Moderating Noise Pollution on Premature Infants' Behavioral and Physiological Responses in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of moderating noise pollution on premature infants' behavioral and physiological responses in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: 110 premature infants hospitalized in the NICU ward of hospitals in Tehran were selected. All the infants who met the research criteria were allocated and assigned to the experimental and control group (n = 55). The sampling method was non-probability and convenient. In the first section of time, each infant with inclusion criteria, inserted in the control group and then in the second section of time, infant with inclusion criteria placed in the experiment group. In the first section, the educated nurse measured the LAeq, LC, LA, infants’ behavioral responses, and physiological responses. In the second section, noise modifying interventions were implemented in the experimental group for 6 weeks, and then LAeq, LC, LA, infants’ behavioral responses and physiological responses were measured with the same methods. Results: Infants' heart rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (Pvalue&lt;0.05), and atrial blood O2 Saturation was significantly higher than the control group (Pvalue&lt;0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of crying, sleeping, and Moro reflex of premature infants in the two groups. Also, the sound-pressure level in the C-weighted network in the experimental group was lower than the control group (Pvalue=0.021). The sound-pressure level of the C-weighted network was obtained in the same way (Pvalue=0.008). Conclusions: Based on the results, moderating noise pollution in NICU can lead to heart rate deceleration and atrial blood O2 Saturation acceleration in premature infants. Keywords: Noise pollution, Premature infants, Behavioral responses, Physiological responses, Neonatal Intensive care unit

The Effect of Moderating Noise Pollution on Premature Infants' Behavioral and Physiological Responses in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of moderating noise pollution on premature infants' behavioral and physiological responses in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: 110 premature infants hospitalized in the NICU ward of hospitals in Tehran were selected. All the infants who met the research criteria were allocated and assigned to the experimental and control group (n = 55). The sampling method was non-probability and convenient. In the first section of time, each infant with inclusion criteria, inserted in the control group and then in the second section of time, infant with inclusion criteria placed in the experiment group. In the first section, the educated nurse measured the LAeq, LC, LA, infants’ behavioral responses, and physiological responses. In the second section, noise modifying interventions were implemented in the experimental group for 6 weeks, and then LAeq, LC, LA, infants’ behavioral responses and physiological responses were measured with the same methods. Results: Infants' heart rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (Pvalue&lt;0.05), and atrial blood O2 Saturation was significantly higher than the control group (Pvalue&lt;0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of crying, sleeping, and Moro reflex of premature infants in the two groups. Also, the sound-pressure level in the C-weighted network in the experimental group was lower than the control group (Pvalue=0.021). The sound-pressure level of the C-weighted network was obtained in the same way (Pvalue=0.008). Conclusions: Based on the results, moderating noise pollution in NICU can lead to heart rate deceleration and atrial blood O2 Saturation acceleration in premature infants. Keywords: Noise pollution, Premature infants, Behavioral responses, Physiological responses, Neonatal Intensive care unit

Older Adults and Information and Communication Technologies in the Global North

At all ages, people are incorporating information and communication technologies (ICTs) into their lives. It is not that they have stopped talking with each other in-person, it is that ICTs complement their interactions when they cannot be together face-to-face. Since the 1990s, email has provided a routine way to stay in touch and sustain meaningful contact over distance. But not all age groups have adopted ICTs with the same enthusiasm. Research in the Global North has consistently reported that age plays an important role in ICT adoption and use (Anderson and Perrin 2017). For example, older adults have been the least likely to use ICTs, and even when they do use ICTs, they are less active in their use (Blank and Groselji 2014; Haight, Quan-Haase, and Corbett 2014; Schreurs, Quan-Haase, and Martin 2017). Yet, this is changing. As more older adults use ICTs, analysts are wondering how such ICTs affect older adults’ social networks (Wang, Zhang and Wellman 2018; Wellman, Quan-Haase and Harper forthcoming): Are ICTs helping older adults build, maintain, or diminish personal networks? And how are they supporting or limiting the exchange of social support both for local and long-distance social networks? Moreover, are ICTs affecting different types of social ties differently—be they kin, friend, neighbor, workmate, or churchgoer; or strong or weak

Belonging is an influential factor in the process of professional identity of nursing students: A qualitative study

Background & Objective: The professional identity of nursing students was defined as the primary trend in becoming a profession. The present study aimed to explore the factors affecting students' professional identity as nurses. Materials & Methods: This Study is a qualitative content analysis from May 2019 to October 2020. The participants were contributed through purposefully sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The duration of each interview was between 30 and 60 minutes. Interviews continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with Graneheim and Lundman approach. Results: 123 open codes with five subcategories and two categories were extracted. In the present study, "belongingness" was explained as the central theme. Two categories, "positive role model in the education process" and "The perception of the society towards the nursing profession," were explored. Conclusion: The present results showed that the identification of nursing students is influenced by belonging influenced by the nursing community and the general community. In addition, the community’s appreciation of the nursing profession and the approval and respect for the nursing profession among the community members have been considered crucial factors for nursing students to become good nurses. Due to the importance of growing a belonging and better understanding of professional identity by nursing students in the educational period, the development of teachers’ abilities as a model and creating a platform for recognizing the professional identity of nursing among community and medical science students is recommended

Exploring the Experience of Undergraduate Students from Nursing Grand Round: A Conventional Content Analysis

Introduction: Nursing grand rounds are one of the potential factors for providing up-to-date evidence to nurses and nursing students and their use at the patient's bedside. Identifying the visible and hidden angles of this experience can help to improve this approach.  Based on this, this study was exploring the experience of undergraduate nursing students from Grand Round. Methods: This study is part of a qualitative study with an exploratory sequential interventional combined approach that was conducted with the help of conventional content analysis. For this purpose, 25 undergraduate nursing students of the 7th semester, who had internship experience in intensive care units in the Grand Round method, were purposefully included in the study. Then, with the help of semi-structured, in-depth, and face-to-face interviews with an average of 40 to 60 minutes, the experiences of these participants were extracted and after recording and implementation, they were analyzed with the help of Granheim and Lundman's approach. Results: The mean± SD age of these students was 21.3 ± 10.8 years. From a total of 25 interviews conducted with the participants, 423 primary codes were extracted. After merging the codes that had similar content and meaning, three main categories of internship purposefulness, withdrawal from island education and perceived challenges appeared with 9 subcategories. Conclusion: Since the participants in the study claimed that with the help of this approach, education at the bedside is targeted and in fact, they are faced with a new approach in education, it is necessary to take steps to identify this approach and try to solve the challenge of this approach