An overview on sexually transmitted infections in Iran

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause a large proportion of the global burden of ill-health, disability, and death. This paper reviews the status of STIs in Iran in the three groups of infections are caused by bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens and then focuses on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This review was carried out in the period of 1977-2015 by searching in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of sciences, Google scholar, the Iranian databases such as MagIran, IranMedex and SID using relevant English and Persian key words. Articles, reports, fact sheets, and official publications of World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) of Iran were reviewed.Data on the prevalence of STIs in Iran is sparse with very limited generalizability to the general population. But studies show that these infections are concentrated in high risk sub-groups of the population. Iran has a low national HIV prevalence, but an increased prevalence among people who inject drugs, shifting the country from low prevalence to a concentrated prevalence.It seems that the more improvement of HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment programs in Iran need to more attention toward controlling HIV/AIDS through sexual health, proper linkage among HIV/AIDS, STIs, and SRH programs, reduction of stigma and discrimination toward people living with HIV/AIDS, and increase to access at risk populations

An overview on sexually transmitted infections in Iran

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause a large proportion of the global burden of ill-health, disability, and death. This paper reviews the status of STIs in Iran in the three groups of infections are caused by bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens and then focuses on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This review was carried out in the period of 1977-2015 by searching in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of sciences, Google scholar, the Iranian databases such as MagIran, IranMedex and SID using relevant English and Persian key words. Articles, reports, fact sheets, and official publications of World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) of Iran were reviewed.Data on the prevalence of STIs in Iran is sparse with very limited generalizability to the general population. But studies show that these infections are concentrated in high risk sub-groups of the population. Iran has a low national HIV prevalence, but an increased prevalence among people who inject drugs, shifting the country from low prevalence to a concentrated prevalence.It seems that the more improvement of HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment programs in Iran need to more attention toward controlling HIV/AIDS through sexual health, proper linkage among HIV/AIDS, STIs, and SRH programs, reduction of stigma and discrimination toward people living with HIV/AIDS, and increase to access at risk populations

Evaluation of the Lifestyle of Female High School Students Regarding Osteoporosis Prevention

Background: In people over 50, one out of three women and 12 men experience osteoporosis. Youth lifestyle plays an essential role in increasing bone mass and preventing osteoporosis in old ages. Thus, lifestyle changes during adolescence could cause the prevention of osteoporosis in older age. This study therefore conducted to investigate the lifestyle of female high school students in relation to prevention of osteoporosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 403 female students recruited from high schools in Iranshar, Iran included in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisted of two parts of demographics and lifestyle issues associated with osteoporosis including nutrition, physical activity and habits. Data analysis was carried out using Chi-square and t test. Results: results showed that 57.1% of the stdents had poor nutrition. In relation to the habits including smoking, alcohol consumption, adherence to medications and weight loss regimens, 78.2% of students had a relatively favorable lifestyle. 48.1% of subjects had a desirable lifestyle in terms of physical activity.  The total score of lifestyle in 82.4% of students was relatively favorable. There was a significant relationship between lifestyle and age (P = 0.027), maternal education (P = 0.035) and occupation (P = 0.034). Conclusion: Considering that the lifestyle of more than half of the students were poor in relation to nutrition, it is suggested that in addition to giving awareness to the adolescents regarding risk factors and preventive measures of osteoporosis, families should also be taught to include calcium-rich foods in the food basket of their households

Effect of lubricant gel on the length of the first stage of labour and perineal trauma in primiparous women

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of obstetric gel application on the length of the first stage of labour and perineal trauma in primiparous women. This randomised controlled trial included 110 primiparous women. Women were randomly assigned to the two groups: lubricant gel group and control group. In the intervention group, during cervical dilatation of 4 cm until complete cervical dilatation, 5 ml of water-soluble lubricant gel was used at each vaginal examination. In the control group, routine care was performed. Mean duration of the total length (p = .025), the first (p = .012), and second stage (p = .022) of labour was significantly shorter in the obstetric gel group than control group. Perineal health was significantly better in the gel-applied pregnant women (p < .001). Using obstetric gel at the beginning of the first stage could shorten the total length, the first and the second stage of labour and could protect perineal health.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Prolonged labour and perineal injuries are a major problem in natural childbirth for primiparous mothers. What the results of this study add? The first (p = .012), and second stage (p = .022) of labour was significantly shorter in the obstetric gel group than in the control group. Perineal health was significantly better in gel-applied pregnant women (p < .001). Using obstetric gel at the beginning of the first stage could shorten the total length, the first and the second stage of labour and could protect against perineal injury. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Obstetrical gel lubricant usage in the first stage of labour during the active phase of nulliparous women could shorten the total length, the first and the second stage of labour and could protect perineal health

Treatment of hydatidiform mole suspected to COVID 19

The aim of this study was to report a case of the treatment of hydatidiform mole in Coronavirus pandemic in Iranshahr. A 17-year-old primiparous woman with gestational age of 14 weeks presented with unilateral leg swelling and sudden abdominal distension beginning in the night before referring to the health center. In the abdominal examination of the patient by a healthcare provider, the baby's heartbeat was not heard and a mismatch was observed between gestational age and fundal height, which corresponded to approximately 24 weeks of gestation. She was conscious and pale with hematuria and uterine contractions. After inserting two IV lines, the patient immediately underwent monitoring and was visited by a gynecologist. Complete molar pregnancy was diagnosed with an enlarged heterogeneous uterus 180 cm × 90 cm in size and containing 170 mm × 80 mm cysts. The treatment began with vancomycin AMP, hydrocortisone AMP, oseltamivir CAP 75 mg, kaletra CAP 200 mg, and meropenem AMP