Nutrition in Disasters

Disaster is a tragic event which causes excessive mortality, suffering, and financial damage. One of the most important basic needs of people after a disaster is food. Providing and distributing healthy, adequate, and hygienic food is one of the biggest challenges which managers always face in a crisis because disasters have different effects on food situation and nutrition of the affected area (Ireton-Jones et al., 2019). Therefore, one of the major consequences of disasters is the reduction of energy and food supply sources. Evaluation of available food sources, proper rationing, prioritization of high-risk groups such as children and pregnant or lactating women, and food distribution should be considered according to the assessment of minimum energy and nutrient requirement

Urban Agriculture and Food Security: A Narrative Review

Today, the world is facing the problems of population growth, urbanization, increasing need for food, depletion of water resources, and environmental degradation. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of urban agriculture on food security. Methods: Search engines including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Google scholar, Magiran, and scientific information database (SID) were applied with keywords such as population growth, food security, sustainable development, urban agriculture, food system to find related articles published up to 2022. Results: The impact of urban agriculture on food security can be seen through several factors such as nutritional stability, food availability, affordable food supply, and revenue generation through sales. Conclusion: Urban agriculture refers to production of food products in urban environment, where food is produced on rooftops, backyards, gardens, or in public open spaces. This work proposes new opportunities for sustainable development and urban management to make significant changes in living environment, health and land management. Furthermore, this research provides the poor in the city a chance to achieve food security by reducing household food cost

The Effects of Climate Change on Food Security

In the current situation, ensuring food security and maintaining it, especially due to growing demand and significant population growth on the one hand and excessive and incorrect use of limited and non-renewable resources and reserves and the emergence of challenges such as climate change on the other hand is very important.  According to the World Bank, food security is achieved when all people have access to enough food at all times to live a healthy life. This has three aspects: "food availability", "access to food" and "sustainability in food intake" (Eslami AR, 2021). The threat of declining food security due to climate change is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. The impact of climate change on agricultural benefits and food security depends on the scale of climate change (Marzban et al., 2023)

A Review of the Effect of Synbiotic Foods on Reducing and Treating Constipation in Fasted People during the Month of Ramadan

Fasting during Ramadan is an obligatory duty for all Muslims in the world. One of the most common side effects of fasting is constipation if fasted people do not follow a proper diet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the effect of synbiotic foods on reducing and treating constipation in fasted people during Ramadan. Methods: Search engines including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Google scholar, Magiran, and scientific information database (SID) were applied with keywords such as Fasting, Synbiotics, Constipation, Ramadan, Digestive System, Probiotics and Prebiotics to find related articles published up to 2022. Finally, 45 articles were included in the review. Results: Synbiotics are actually oral supplements and a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics. The use of these compounds, in addition to reducing the complication of constipation, has other benefits that can be a step towards reducing the use of drugs and changing lifestyle not only this month but also at other times. Conclusion: The use of fiber-containing compounds, beneficial for the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, both microbial and to improve its peristalsis, is especially necessary in the elderly, whose peristalsis has decreased due to aging. The placement of synbiotic foods such as synbiotic dairy products will help to control this complication due to the presence of prebiotics and beneficial probiotics