Measurement of the correlation coefficients between extracted features from CT-scan and MRI images

Background and aims: Nowadays applying computer in image processing is rapidly increasing to resolve shortcomings of medical images. Image features modify its image contained image information. The aim of the present study was to find correlation between CT-scan and MRI images' features. Methods: In this descriptive study, it was used 1458 CT and MRI images of 6 patients (3 females and 3 males) referred to Golestan Hospital in Ahwaz, Iran. After collecting image, pre-processing and feature extract were performed. Then, the images' features were analyzed and correlation coefficients were calculated using Pearson correlation. Results: There was significant relation between most of the extracted features of the CT-scan and the MR (T1-weighted) images (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between CT-scan images and MR (T1-weighted) images was higher than those of CT-scan images and MRI (T2-weighted). Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between CT-scan images and MRI (T1-weighted) images was higher than those between MR (T1-weighted) and MR (T2-weighted) features' images. Maximum value of the correlation coefficient (0.93) was related to the texture features and its minimum (0.004) was related to the morphological features. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between extracted features of CT-scan and MRI images, which leads to use a similar algorithm for classification and segmentation studies

Future of molecular imaging and role of nanotechnology and chemistry in ultrasound method for disease treatment

Resembling most other techniques for medical imaging, ultrasound (US) changed radically that have ameliorate its spatial and temporal resolution, provided three-dimensional data, and permitted evaluation of dynamic physiologic processes similar to blood flow or tissue motion. The possibility of targeting US conflict agents to disease-related markers and for non-invasively evaluating the molecular profile of disease in animal models was strongly established. The technique is now being applied as a high-Throughput research tool that can define pathophysiological processes in both the spatial and temporal domains. Early steps are presently under achievement in the direction of the advance of targeted agents appropriate for clinical use of this useful method

Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: The substantial role of imaging methods

Background and aims: One of the most common injuries around the world is the traumatic injury of the spine and spinal cord with unknown worldwide situation of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) affecting on the effectiveness of preventive policy programs. In addition, because of possibility of making paralysis, the potential injury to the spine could be one of the most important traumas and a major cause of disability. Methods: This research is a review study. Initial studies had focused on the descriptive epidemiology, considering incidence rates, age, gender, race, etiology and level and completeness of injury, but the recent researches are focusing on identifying of the high-risk groups, making awareness, establishing trends, predicting the needs, and thus contributing to effective health care planning of this condition. Results: An important part of the prognosis, diagnosis and management of acute and chronic spinal trauma could be diagnostic medical imaging. While spinal cord and soft-tissue injuries could be evaluated better by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); spine fractures could be characterized better by computed tomography (CT). Conclusion: Imaging using CT and MRI is essential in the management of acute/chronic spinal cord injuries. The problem could be that due to fear of clinicians from missing occult spine injuries, they ask radiographs for almost all injured patients. It is recommended that a National Registry for spinal cord injuries be established by the national Ministry of Health, so that the etiological pattern of spinal cord injuries in the world can be known

Efficacy of multidetector-row computed tomography as a practical tool in comparison to invasive procedures for visualization of the biliary obstruction

Introduction: Recently, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has been introduced into clinical practice. MDCT has become the noninvasive diagnostic test of choice for detailed evaluation of biliary obstruction. Aim: the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MDCT compared to invasive procedures for detecting biliary obstruction causes. Material and Methods: Since February 2009 until May 2011 fifty biliary obstruction patients based on clinical, laboratory or ultrasonographic findings, were evaluated by Multidetector-row computed tomography. The causes of biliary obstruction, which was identified using MDCT were classified into three categories: calculus, benign stricture, and malignancy. Final diagnosis was conducted based on percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, biopsy, or surgery. The MDCT diagnosis and were compared with the final diagnosis. Results: A correct diagnosis of causes of biliaryobstruction was made on the basis of MDCT findings for 44 of the total 50 patients. Two patients with chronic pancreatitis were incorrectly diagnosed with a pancreatic head adenocarcinoma on the basis of MDCT findings. One patient with biliary stone was incorrectly diagnosed with a periampullary adenocarcinoma on the basis of MDCT findings. The Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MDCT in the diagnosis of causes of biliary obstruction were 94.12% and87.87% and94.6% respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study MDCT has an excellent image quality, providing valuable information about the biliary tree and other abdominal organs. The use of advanced image processing, including maximum intensity projection and multiplanar reconstruction (especially coronal or sagittal reformatted images), allows superior visualization of the biliary tree and vascular structures. Three-dimensional reconstruction images complement axial images by providing a more anatomically meaningful display of the lesion and its relationship to adjacent structures, and accurate determining the craniocaudal extent of the lesion. High accuracy, wide availability and ease of use, make the MDCT the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of biliary obstruction. © 2016 Abdolmajid Taheri, Ayoob Rostamzadeh, Alireza Gharib and Daryoush Fatehi

Effect of hyperthermia after neutron irradiation on chromosomal aberration frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

از آنجا که امروزه در درمان سرطان ها توجه خاصی به روش های درمانی مرکب می شود در این تحقیق اثر اعمال هیپرترمی بعد از تابش نوترون در فراوانی آسیب های کروموزومی در لنفوسیت های خون محیطی انسان بررسی شد. نمونه های خون ابتدا تحت تابش 10 سانتی گری (cGy) نوترون قرار گرفتند. سپس با فاصله زمانی یک ساعت بطور جداگانه در درجه حرارت 41.5 درجه سانتی گراد به مدت 60 دقیقه یا 43 درجه سانتی گراد به مدت 30 دقیقه واقع شدند. پس از تهیه گسترش و رنگ آمیزی لام ها، انواع آسیب های کروموزومی در مرحله متافاز سلولی شمارش شدند. بررسی نتایج نشان می دهد تعداد آسیب های کروموزومی در نمونه هایی که پس از تابش نوترون تحت تاثیر هیپرترمی قرار گرفتند از سایر نمونه ها بیشتر است و این افزایش در 43 درجه سانتی گراد چشمگیرتر می باشد (

Traumatic spinal cord injury; Theranostic applications of advanced MRI techniques

Imaging technology is an important part of the diagnosis and management of spinal trauma. However, many efforts have been made to develop new diagnostic biomarkers through advanced imaging techniques. Unfortunately, there is still no consensus for practical use of biomarkers in SCI patients. The authors conducted an all-encompassing literature review and relevant images were included as examples. Spinal cord and soft-tissue injuries are best evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, advanced MRI techniques provide researchers with a noninvasive approach that allows evaluation of physiological and biochemical condition of the spinal cord and the brain at cellular and molecular level. The advent of new rehabilitation and treatment strategies could demand more precise and advanced techniques to approach the pathophysiology and anatomy of the spinal cord, offering more accurate and non-invasive support to research and clinical follow up

Prognosis and diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease in early stages by new magnetic resonance imaging techniques

A large number of people have dementia all over the world, mainly suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The worldwide prevalence of dementia is expected to increase up to 24 million, and would to double every 20 years through to 2040, resulting in an expensive burden of disease. The overlap between clinical groups and the longitudinal stability of the technique which currently may limit its clinical application in this context. The advent of new specific treatments for dementia will doubtless stimulate further research into the use of in vivo MRS as a clinical and scientific technique. Future technological developments may allow biochemical features of the underlying pathology in neurodegenerative disease

Color doppler indices of proximal and distal parts of middle cerebral artery in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction.

INTRODUCTION Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major clinical issue for pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate color Doppler indices of the proximal and distal parts of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of the fetus. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 350 pregnant patients, with gestation age of 32-40 who were suspected to have intrauterine growth restriction, participated. The patients were referred for color Doppler sonography at the Imam Reza Hospital (Kermanshah, Iran) from May 2011 to September 2012. The following indices were measured for the proximal and distal part of the MCA: pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), fetal heart rate (FHR), systolic to diastolic (S/D) ratio, and peak systolic velocity (PSV). The data were analyzed applying Tukey's-test, Paired-Samples t-test, and simple linear regression analysis using SPSS 19. RESULTS Average age of the mother, the frequency of pregnancy, and fetus gestational age were 27.79±0.17 years, 2.09±1.3, and 34.19±2.52 weeks, respectively. For gestation age of 36 weeks, significant difference was found between the Doppler indices of the proximal parts as well as for the distal parts (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Measurement of fetus MCA indices may depend to the sampling location; however, this needs further investigation in order to find a clear probe location