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Not AvailableBrucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease that is emerging or reemerging in many parts of the world. This study was carried out to diagnose and investigate the pathological lesions associated with Brucella abortus in the fetuses and placenta of naturally infected dromedary camels. For diagnosis, the blood samples from infected dams were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and blood PCR. The placental and fetal lung tissue samples were subjected to pathological examination and PCR. Nine cases of abortions and one case of early neonatal mortality was reported in the infected camels. The hematological parameters in infected dams revealed anemia and leukocytosis. The important pathological lesions in the infected fetuses were subcutaneous edema, moderate amount of serohemorrhagic fluid in the body cavities, interstitial pneumonia, degenerative changes in the liver, severe congestion with mononuclear infiltration in the kidney, and congestion in other visceral organs. The placentas were thickened, edematous, and showed necrosis along with mononuclear infiltration in histopathology. The RBPT and PCR for placental and fetal lung tissues detected all ten cases positive for B. abortus infection. However, blood PCR was positive only in two pregnant camels. The findings of the study indicated that B. abortus infection in pregnant dromedary camels causes necrotizing placentitis and fetal pneumonia resulting into abortion during mid to last trimester of pregnancy. The RBPTwas found to play an important role in early serological diagnosis, whereas PCR was useful in confirmatory diagnosis of brucellosis from placental and fetal lung tissue samples.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableBrucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease that is emerging or reemerging in many parts of the world. This study was carried out to diagnose and investigate the pathological lesions associated with Brucella abortus in the fetuses and placenta of naturally infected dromedary camels. For diagnosis, the blood samples from infected dams were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and blood PCR. The placental and fetal lung tissue samples were subjected to pathological examination and PCR. Nine cases of abortions and one case of early neonatal mortality was reported in the infected camels. The hematological parameters in infected dams revealed anemia and leukocytosis. The important pathological lesions in the infected fetuses were subcutaneous edema, moderate amount of serohemorrhagic fluid in the body cavities, interstitial pneumonia, degenerative changes in the liver, severe congestion with mononuclear infiltration in the kidney, and congestion in other visceral organs. The placentas were thickened, edematous, and showed necrosis along with mononuclear infiltration in histopathology. The RBPT and PCR for placental and fetal lung tissues detected all ten cases positive for B. abortus infection. However, blood PCR was positive only in two pregnant camels. The findings of the study indicated that B. abortus infection in pregnant dromedary camels causes necrotizing placentitis and fetal pneumonia resulting into abortion during mid to last trimester of pregnancy. The RBPT was found to play an important role in early serological diagnosis, whereas PCR was useful in confirmatory diagnosis of brucellosis from placental and fetal lung tissue samples.Not Availabl

Sequence analysis of the Toll-like receptor 2 gene of old world camels

The Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene of old world camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) was cloned and sequenced. The TLR2 gene of the dromedary camel had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 66.8% and 59.6%, respectively. Similarly, the TLR2 gene of the Bactrian camel also had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 85.7% and 81.4%, respectively. Dromedary and Bactrian camels shared 77.9% nucleotide and 73.6% amino acid identity with each other. Interestingly, the amidation motif is present in camel (Dromedary and Bactrian) TLR2 only, and the TIR domain is absent in Dromedary camel TLR2. This is the first report of the TLR2 gene sequence of Dromedary and Bactrian camels

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Not AvailableThe Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene of old world camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) was cloned and sequenced. The TLR2 gene of the dromedary camel had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 66.8% and 59.6%, respectively. Similarly, the TLR2 gene of the Bactrian camel also had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 85.7% and 81.4%, respectively. Dromedary and Bactrian camels shared 77.9% nucleotide and 73.6% amino acid identity with each other. Interestingly, the amidation motif is present in camel (Dromedary and Bactrian) TLR2 only, and the TIR domain is absent in Dromedary camel TLR2. This is the first report of the TLR2 gene sequence of Dromedary and Bactrian camels.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene of old world camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) was cloned and sequenced. The TLR2 gene of the dromedary camel had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 66.8% and 59.6%, respectively. Similarly, the TLR2 gene of the Bactrian camel also had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 85.7% and 81.4%, respectively. Dromedary and Bactrian camels shared 77.9% nucleotide and 73.6% amino acid identity with each other. Interestingly, the amidation motif is present in camel (Dromedary and Bactrian) TLR2 only, and the TIR domain is absent in Dromedary camel TLR2. This is the first report of the TLR2 gene sequence of Dromedary and Bactrian camels.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene of old world camels (. Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) was cloned and sequenced. The TLR2 gene of the dromedary camel had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 66.8% and 59.6%, respectively. Similarly, the TLR2 gene of the Bactrian camel also had the highest nucleotide and amino acid identity with pig, i.e., 85.7% and 81.4%, respectively. Dromedary and Bactrian camels shared 77.9% nucleotide and 73.6% amino acid identity with each other. Interestingly, the amidation motif is present in camel (Dromedary and Bactrian) TLR2 only, and the TIR domain is absent in Dromedary camel TLR2. This is the first report of the TLR2 gene sequence of Dromedary and Bactrian camels.Not Availabl

Bio-Inspired Titanium Dioxide Materials with Special Wettability and Their Applications

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most widely used nanomaterials in our daily life. In 1972, Fujishima and Honda reported the photo electrolysis of water into H2 and O2 utilizing an electrochemical cell in which the TiO2 single-crystal electrode is connected with a Pt electrode. This is analogus with the natural photosynthesis that produces oxygen through oxidizing water and reducing carbon dioxide using sunlight, where solar energy is converted into chemical energy. Since that time, photocatalysis has received considerable attention owing to its important applications in the conversion of light energy into useful chemical energy. In 1997, Fujishima et al. first reported the photogeneration of a superamphiphilic (both superhydrophilic and superoleophilic, where the contact angle of water and oil on a surface is almost 0°, respectively) TiO2 surface under UV light irradiation, showing self-cleaning and antifogging characteristics. This breakthrough work expanded the research field of TiO2 materials and marked the beginning of a new era in TiO2-based self-cleaning materials. Since then, an important effort has been focused on the understanding of the fundamental mechanism of this novel function and on the development of selfcleaning materials for a wide range of applications in energy, environmental, and industrial fields, resulting in the generation of new markets. Although photocatalysis and photoinduced superhydrophilicity can take place simultaneously on the same TiO2 surface, they are intrinsically different processes. In recent years, environmental pollution and damage on a global scale have emerged as a serious issue. The viable environmental cleanup has attracted a great deal of attention to achieve important breakthroughs in the design of advanced materials and in the development of new technology. Now, a variety of TiO2-based materials have been commercialized arising from their unique photoinduced properties. Furthermore, these commercial products demonstrate their importance in the environmental cleanup