Caractérisation Pomologique de 21 Cultivars Locaux de Figuier (Ficus carica L.) Cultivés dans les Oasis Tunisiennes

La diversité pomologique du figuier (Ficus carica L.) dans les oasis tunisiennes a été étudiée en utilisant les descripteurs morphologiques. Vingt et un cultivars de figuier originaires des oasis de Kébili, Tozeur et Gafsa ont été analysés et comparés. L'analyse de la variance, l'analyse en composantes principales et l'analyse canonique hiérarchique de caractères liés aux fruits montrent une grande diversité au sein des cultivars étudiés. L'étude de cette diversité de germoplasme du figuier permet de détecter des cas homonymes et synonymies. Certains d'entre eux ont été sélectionnés. Parmi les descripteurs de haut degré de discrimination celles relatifs aux dimensions des fruits, la couleur des fruits, etc. Certains traits morphologiques sont susceptibles d'être utilisés comme descripteurs pour la classification des cultivars de figuier en Tunisie

Grain yield, biomass productivity and water use efficiency in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under drought stress

Five quinoa cultivars introduced from Egypte DRC (Desert Research Center-Caire) were tested in an experimental station in Tunisia located under arid climatic conditions. In order to test their adaptation to abiotic constraints; water requirements, yield (grain, dry matter) and water use efficiency (WUE) were correlated to three water stress: T100% of field capacity (T1), T60% of field capacity (T2) and T30% of field capacity (T3). Net irrigation water requirement was estimated using CROPWAT 8.0 software. The study aims to develop an irrigation scheduling for quinoa from January to Jun during 2015 season. The ET0 was between 1.08 mm/day and 4.95 mm/day and net irrigation water requirement was 287.2 mm. For grain yield, 1000 grains weight and dry matter production results show significant differences between cultivars and water stress. The seeds productivity of the five cultivars ranges between 2092.6kg/ha and 270kg/ha under full irrigation and it decreases to reach up 74% under T3 of field capacity stress in comparison with control stress. Similar results were shown for dry matter production. On refilling soil to field capacity with irrigation at critical depletion, 70% field efficiency was achieved which correspond to optimal condition, while adapting fixed interval per stage. For WUE, highest value of irrigation and total water use efficiency for both grain and dry matter  ??were recorded to the T2 hydrous stress

Caractérisation Pomologique de 21 Cultivars Locaux de Figuier (Ficus carica L.) Cultivés dans les Oasis Tunisiennes

La diversité pomologique du figuier (Ficus carica L.) dans les oasis tunisiennes a été étudiée en utilisant les descripteurs morphologiques. Vingt et un cultivars de figuier originaires des oasis de Kébili, Tozeur et Gafsa ont été analysés et comparés. L'analyse de la variance, l'analyse en composantes principales et l'analyse canonique hiérarchique de caractères liés aux fruits montrent une grande diversité au sein des cultivars étudiés. L'étude de cette diversité de germoplasme du figuier permet de détecter des cas homonymes et synonymies. Certains d'entre eux ont été sélectionnés. Parmi les descripteurs de haut degré de discrimination celles relatifs aux dimensions des fruits, la couleur des fruits, etc. Certains traits morphologiques sont susceptibles d'être utilisés comme descripteurs pour la classification des cultivars de figuier en Tunisie

Analysis of genetic diversity of Tunisian caprifig (Ficus carica L.) accessions using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

[Background] The common fig (Ficus carica L.) is a gynodioecious species with two sexual forms: male trees (caprifigs) with male and female flowers and female trees that produce only female flowers that will result in the edible fig syconium. In this study the genetic diversity of 20 Tunisian accessions of caprifig is analyzed using SSR markers previously developed for this crop.[Results] The results revealed that the 13 pairs of primers used amplified a total of 37 alleles in the accessions studied. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six, with a mean value of 2.85 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities showed mean values of 0.33 and 0.29 respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis grouped the caprifig accessions analyzed in three groups.[Conclusion] The results obtained show a low genetic diversity in the Tunisian accessions of caprifig studied and, in spite of analyzing samples from different geographic regions, no clear groupings based on geographical origin are observed suggesting widespread exchange of caprifig plant material through vegetative propagation among different areas in Tunisia.Financial support for this work was provided by the Tunisian Education Ministry, the University of Monastir and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (Project Grant AGL2013-43732-R). We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)