Design and Fabrication a W-Shape Form Dual-Band Flexible Antenna For Biomedical Applications

This study suggests a dual band flexible antenna for use at 900 and 2450 MHz. With a footprint of 0.23 o, 0.120 o, and 0.0007 o, where o is the lowest resonance wavelength, the antenna is relatively tiny. The antenna is built from a straightforward geometrical structure consisting of a W-shaped serpentine structure supplied by a microstrip line and a partial ground plane utilizing the Defected Ground Structure (DGS) technology in order to achieve wide operational bandwidth. In order to boost resonance, an additional capacitor was inserted between the slots, creating a portable dual-band antenna. Several performance metrics\u27 findings and the ones that had been measured were compared. The antenna\u27s potential for rigid and flexible electronics is increased by its good size, bandwidth, gain, and radiation pattern

Wireless insights into cognitive wellness: A paradigm shift in Alzheimer's detection through ultrathin wearable antennas

The Proposed algorithm, designed to simulate an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain model across different stages, presents an invaluable opportunity for further research and in-depth study of the effects of AD. Currently, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive simulated model for the AD brain that allows the exploration of all AD biomarkers within a simulation tool. This represents a crucial advancement in the field, enabling researchers to thoroughly investigate and understand the diverse biomarkers associated with AD without resorting to highly expensive and ionizing radiation techniques. The algorithm’s capability to emulate various stages of AD in a simulated environment is an essential step toward assessing its applicability for AD patients, providing a cost-effective and safer alternative for research and study in comparison to existing methodologies and delves into the development and evolution of a patch antenna designed for the identification of distinct stages in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) detection. The antenna, equipped with ultra-wideband (UWB) capabilities, consists of a slotted circular disc antenna patch and a partial ground. The placement of rectangular slots in the ground structure aims to enhance radiation directivity, gain, and efficiency. The primary objective is to optimize the antenna’s efficacy by strategically integrating a slotted circular disc and arranging slots in the ground structure. The research aims to provide an effective solution for non-invasive tracking of Alzheimer’s disease progression. The antenna, with dimensions of $50\times 35\times 0.1$ mm3, is fabricated using a flexible laminate substrate (Ultra-lam 3850). The prototype demonstrates a remarkable bandwidth of 8.55 GHz (2.02–10.57 GHz) and exhibits nearly directional radiation characteristics. The study employs 3D CST 2019 simulator software for analysis, followed by physical fabrication and measurement of the antenna. Evaluation involves both a single antenna and a four-antenna array element around a 3D realistic-shaped Hugo head model and a six-layer brain phantom simulating various AD stages. The reported peak gain reaches 2.36 dBi and 3.1 dBi at 2.4 GHz and 7.48 GHz, respectively, with consistently high radiation efficiency (92.5% and 90.5% at 2.4 GHz and 7.48 GHz)

Design and Analysis of Circular Polarized Two-Port MIMO Antennas with Various Antenna Element Orientations

This article presents the circularly polarized antenna operating over 28 GHz mm-wave applications. The suggested antenna has compact size, simple geometry, wideband, high gain, and offers circular polarization. Afterward, two-port MIMO antenna are designed to get Left Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) and Right-Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP). Four different cases are adopted to construct two-port MIMO antenna of suggested antenna. In case 1, both of the elements are placed parallel to each other; in the second case, the element is parallel but the radiating patch of second antenna element are rotated by 180°. In the third case, the second antenna element is placed orthogonally to the first antenna element. In the final case, the antenna is parallel but placed in the opposite end of substrate material. The S-parameters, axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) gain, and radiation efficiency are studied and compared in all these cases. The two MIMO systems of all cases are designed by using Roger RT/Duroid 6002 with thickness of 0.79 mm. The overall size of two-port MIMO antennas is 20.5 mm × 12 mm × 0.79 mm. The MIMO configuration of the suggested CP antenna offers wideband, low mutual coupling, wide ARBW, high gain, and high radiation efficiency. The hardware prototype of all cases is fabricated to verify the predicated results. Moreover, the comparison of suggested two-port MIMO antenna is also performed with already published work, which show the quality of suggested work in terms of various performance parameters over them

Investigation and implementation of miniaturized microwave system for linear array antenna loaded with omega structures planar array

This paper investigates and implements a miniaturized microwave system for microstrip linear array antenna that operates in X-band (10.1 GHz), S-band (3.4 GHz) and C-band (5.6 GHz). The microwave system consists of three parts: a power divider, a directional coupler, and a matching network stub. These systems feed a linear array (16 elements) of patch antennas loaded with resonance planar omega structures array (160 elements) distributed in both patch (64 elements) and ground (96 elements) as the metamaterial structures for miniaturization purpose. The 1-to-2 divider feeds two directional couplers that act as phase shifters. The couplers fed a set of 1-to-4 dividers that in return feed a series of patch antennas. The system has been simulated and measured using microwave analyzer. The system is designed, analyzed and implemented using Roger substrate of thickness 1.27mm and 10.2 dielectric constant and simulated using HFSS. The proposed miniaturized array introduces a gain of 8, return loss of -24 dB and radiation efficiency of 90%. There is a good agreement between the simulation results and the measured values. The proposed array covers applications in mobile communication systems and Wi-MAX

Metamaterial Structure Effect on Printed Antenna for LTE/WIFI /Cancer Diagnosis

This paper explores the influence of metamaterial structures on the performance of LTE/Wi-Fi printed antennas, examining two antenna versions. One version integrates a metamaterial ground layer, representing the traditional antenna, while the other incorporates a metamaterial load attached to the modified antenna. The inclusion of the metamaterial ground layer supports the unit cell with the MTM structure, enabling an analysis of how the MTM structure impacts antenna performance. Testing is conducted using Roger 5880 substrate with a thickness of 1.575 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2. The antenna\u27s overall dimensions are 60×49×1.575mm, with a loss tangent of 0.0009. Once optimal inductor/capacitor values are determined, equivalent circuits are generated for both the planned and conventional circuits. These circuits are simulated using CST Microwave Studio, with the Path Wave ADS simulator running the equivalent circuit. Antenna manufacturing and measurement are conducted using a Network Analyzer. Frequency ranges covered by the antenna include 1.68 GHz to 2.51 GHz, 3.56 GHz to 4.63 GHz, and 4.1 GHz to 5.1 GHz, suitable for standard applications. Simulated gain is reported as 2.58 dB/2.45 dB, with observed gain at 2.22 dB/5.19 dB, showing excellent agreement between measured and simulated values from both simulators. Additionally, simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) on a sample Breast Phantom ensures compliance with the 1g/10g SAR value requirements set by the European Union and the United States. This confirms the antenna\u27s suitability for cancer diagnosis and detection applications

Advancements in underground object detection: Exploring emerging techniques and technologies

In order to better understand the significance of subterranean item detection in a variety of fields, including military operations, construction, archaeology, and utility management, this study looks at recent advancements in this field. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Electromagnetic Induction (EMI), Magnetic Methods, Seismic Techniques, Acoustic Methods, Thermal Imaging, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), and Remote Sensing are just a few of the cutting-edge techniques covered in this overview, along with their principles, uses, advantages, and disadvantages. The importance of these developments is highlighted in terms of improving the efficiency, accuracy, and security of subterranean exploration and administration. The article highlights current research and development initiatives to improve subterranean item identification, provide deeper understanding of subsurface environments, and support well-informed decision-making in a range of businesses. Using a Patch Antenna to detect Iron beneath the earth's surface as an application for detecting Iron inside explosive materials or finding meteorites that have settled underground for several years that contain Iron elements which is essential in Industry. This paper will discuss the developed methods used in underground exploration

Design of compact flexible UWB antenna using different substrate materials for WBAN applications

In this paper, the design process of compact flexible ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna using various substrate materials such as FR4, Kapton, and Rogers RT5880 is discussed and experimentally investigated. The proposed antenna is structured as a flexible model that can conform to suit the human body surface to be suitable for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The performance parameters of the antenna have been evaluated by using CST Microwave Studio software and very similar results have been achieved by applying FR4, Kapton, and Rogers RT5880 substrates, but the latter substrate provides optimized results. Therefore, the Rogers RT5880 substrate was chosen to realize the experimental antenna to validate its performance. There was excellent agreement between the simulated and measured results. The proposed antenna is miniature having dimensions of 22×28×1.6 mm3 and operates at dual band across 4.8–5.3 GHz and 7.0–8.6 GHz. It has a high gain above 5.5 dBi at both bands and radiates omnidirectionally. Moreover, it has a simple geometry making it easy to manufacture and is therefore cost effective. This antenna is applicable for wireless body area network (WBAN)

Flexible Antenna Design for Wearable Telemedicine Applications

In this article, an antenna design is presented based on three horizontally staggered microstrip lines for wearable telemedicine devices. The antenna is excited through a 50-ohm microstrip line. The proposed antenna was fabricated using conductive copper tape of 35μm thickness and printed on a flexible photo paper suitable for telemedicine applications. The proposed antenna has physical dimensions of 40 × 35 ×0.635 mm3. It was designed to operate at the ISM band 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna design was simulated and optimized using Computer Simulation Technology of Microwave Studio software (CSTMWS). The design of the antenna was then validated through measurement. The results show good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The proposed antenna\u27s performance is evaluated in terms of radiation efficiency, radiation patterns, and return loss. The results confirm the antenna described here is suitable for wearable wireless electronic devices

Flexible antenna design for wearable telemedicine applications

In this article, an antenna design is presented based on three horizontally staggered microstrip lines for wearable telemedicine devices. The antenna is excited through a 50-ohm microstrip line. The proposed antenna was fabricated using conductive copper tape of 35µm thickness and printed on a flexible photo paper suitable for telemedicine applications. The proposed antenna has physical dimensions of 40×35×0.635 mm3. It was designed to operate at the ISM band 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna design was simulated and optimized using Computer Simulation Technology of Microwave Studio Software (CSTMWS). The design of the antenna was then validated through measurement. The results show good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The proposed antenna’s performance is evaluated in terms of radiation efficiency, radiation patterns, and return loss. The results confirm the antenna described here is suitable for wearable wireless electronic devices