The Socio Economic Impact of Cultural Heretage on Sierra Leone: Acase of Brookfield , Freetown

Sierra Leone is arguably a country with massive and amiable cultural heritage assets which have greater bearing on the social and economic trajectory of the country. This heritage can be evident in terms of the country’s tangible culture such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, works of art, and artifacts, et al, intangible culture such as folklore, language, knowledge, and natural heritage including culturally significant landscapes, and biodiversity. Sierra Leone’s cultural heritage is a diverse blend influenced by the topography of the country and large amount of different ethnic groups inhibiting the country. The country and the people are well known for their friendliness and hospitality, with a relaxed pace on life. This Country’s cultural heritage makes it common to be entertained in hotels or restaurants, particularly business visitors.This study employed a cross sectional design with mixed methods of research approach involving questionnaire, and interviews. A purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of the respondents. A sample of eighty (80) respondents was selected purposively in the study areas. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to solicit primary data from targeted population. The data generated were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and results were presented in tables, frequency, graphs and charts. The following were the main findings of the research:Moreover, this study also concluded that there are a range of factors that hinder cultural heritage and this study concludes that lack of human capital on specialized preservation techniques is a major factor that hinders cultural heritage in Sierra Leone and that this can result into devaluation of country’s culture, decreased employment in cultural heritage sector, and most importantly, undergrowth of government’s foreign earnings.Findings in this study also indicated that stakeholders played diverse roles in promoting cultural heritage and such roles could be policy development role, protection and preservation role, funding role and most importantly, education role. This study concluded by providing recommendations for the protection and preservation of cultural heritage. The study recommends that government should build the human capital base on specialized preservation and conservation techniques; cultural heritage studies, archaeological, anthropology and museum education should be taught across all universities; strengthen partnership across the board to sustainably develop the heritage sector; vigorous educational campaign on the promotion of culture and to strengthen the regulatory framework to preserve cultural heritage. The study will help Ministries, Departments, and Agencies of government to have a clear understanding on the potential of Cultural Heritage to national development thereby -making government to pay more attention to the sector as an essential tool for massive revenue generation. It will also help government to have essential understandings on the factors that undermine the potential of cultural heritage to the socioeconomic development of Sierra Leone

The Impact of Corruption on the Socio- Economic Development of Sierra Leone, a Case Study Bo City

This work was carried out to examine the impacts of corruption on the Socio-economic Development of Sierra Leone, a case study Bo city. The findings revealed that corruption increases inequality, decreases popular accountability and political representativeness, and thus produces rising frustration and hardship among citizens .In addition to the rise of an underground economy and the high social costs associated with corruption, its adverse consequences on income distribution, corruption investment, the government budget and on economic reforms are highlighted in this paper. This study employs a cross sectional design with diverse methods of research approach containing questionnaire. A stratified sampling technique was used in the selection of the respondents. Eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to eighty respondents in the study community.A Purposive randomized sampling technique was used to select respondents in Bo District, Bo community due to the fact that, they have requisite information about the issues involved in the study. The data generated were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and results were presented in tables, frequency, graphs and charts. The major findings discovered as effects of corruption were: public sector dysfunctionality affects socio-economic development in Bo city, failure in infrastructure and community development and frustration and cynicism. A high number of respondents, according to the study revealed that, officials in Bo city faced so many challenges. Some of the challenges highlighted by the respondents were: funding or financial issues, poor leadership, corruption and administrative inefficiency and lack equipment to accomplish projects.The study further revealed that, majority of the respondents were dissatisfied on how the national stakeholders, detective agencies and state institutions handle reported cases of corruption in Sierra Leone, for which several recommendations were given, key among which included the need for Government to review of policies to improve the working condition of public officials in the community. Government and other partners in development should provide adequate resources and equal opportunities in the country. The administrative heads should fight corruption in government administration. Laws must be made more stringent so that corrupt administrators or perpetrators do not get away easily.This study will serve as an instrumental tool capable of enhancing the knowledge and understanding of Sierra Leoneans on the effects of corruption on the Socio-economic Development of Sierra Leone. Such information will be vital in creating the possibility for people to deviate from the act of corruption

The Impacts of Community Radio Stations on National Development; a Case Study of Bo City

This study examined the Impacts of Community Radio Stations on National Development, using Bo city as a case study. Findings were generated in line with the general aim which is to investigate the impacts of community radio stations on national development, as well as the following specific objectives: Conceptualization of community radio stations as tool for national development Functions of community radio stations on development policies Influence of community radio stations on public opinions and information dissemination Roles played by community radio stations during COVID-19 pandemic Recommendations on how to mitigate the problems associated with community radio stations The findings affirmed that majority were aware of the concept of community radio stations, and they believed that the stations performed functions such as informing, educating and entertaining the public. Additionally, majority of the respondents were of the view that community radio stations affect public opinions greatly, by influencing their political decisions and their choices towards certain products through advertisement. Thus, it was also revealed that community radio stations played key roles in fighting COV ID-19 pandemic, by reporting or updating the public about COVID-19 cases, providing the opportunity for medical practitioners to discuss issues around the pandemic, and showing pictures and graphics relating to the preventive measures of the pandemic respectively. It was also recommended that the government and other stakeholders should support community radio stations with adequate resources in order to enable them function effectively.The main purpose of community radio is to provide marginalized communities with access to a voice through the broadcasting channel of radio so they can express their concerns, interests and needs, promote and protect their cultures, traditions and heritages and determine their own development. For a community radio station to serve its purpose, members of a community need to be allowed access to participate in the day-to- day activities of a community radio station and have access to relevant information to better their circumstances. In order to obtain access to these resources, certain operational frameworks must be established and maintained

Measurement of the transverse momentum and ϕ∗ηϕη∗ distributions of Drell–Yan lepton pairs in proton–proton collisions at s√=8s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Distributions of transverse momentum p T and the related angular variable φ∗ η of Drell–Yan lepton pairs are measured in 20.3 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Measurements in electron-pair and muon-pair final states are corrected for detector effects and combined. Compared to previous measurements in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV, these new measurements benefit from a larger data sample and improved control of systematic uncertainties. Measurements are performed in bins of lepton-pair mass above, around and below the Z-boson mass peak. The data are compared to predictions from perturbative and resummed QCD calculations. For values of φ∗ η < 1 the predictions from the Monte Carlo generator ResBos are generally consistent with the data within the theoretical uncertainties. However, at larger values of φ∗ η this is not the case. Monte Carlo generators based on the parton-shower approach are unable to describe the data over the full range of p T while the fixed-order prediction of Dynnlo falls below the data at high values of p T . ResBos and the parton-shower Monte Carlo generators provide a much better description of the evolution of the φ∗ η and p T distributions as a function of lepton-pair mass and rapidity than the basic shape of the data. Conte

Measurement of flow harmonics with multi-particle cumulants in Pb plus Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead-lead collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV are shown using a dataset of approximately 7 mu b(-1) collected at the LHC in 2010. The measurements are performed for charged particles with transverse momenta 0.5 < p(T) < 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.5. The anisotropy is characterized by the Fourier coefficients, vn, of the charged-particle azimuthal angle distribution for n = 2-4. The Fourier coefficients are evaluated using multi-particle cumulants calculated with the generating function method. Results on the transverse momentum, pseudorapidity and centrality dependence of the v(n) coefficients are presented. The elliptic flow, v(2), is obtained from the two-, four-, six-and eight-particle cumulants while higher-order coefficients, v(3) and v(4), are determined with two-and four-particle cumulants. Flow harmonics v(n) measured with four-particle cumulants are significantly reduced compared to the measurement involving two-particle cumulants. A comparison to v(n) measurements obtained using different analysis methods and previously reported by the LHC experiments is also shown. Results of measurements of flow fluctuations evaluated with multiparticle cumulants are shown as a function of transverse momentum and the collision centrality. Models of the initial spatial geometry and its fluctuations fail to describe the flow fluctuations measurements

Measurement of flow harmonics with multi-particle cumulants in Pb plus Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead-lead collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV are shown using a dataset of approximately 7 mu b(-1) collected at the LHC in 2010. The measurements are performed for charged particles with transverse momenta 0.5 < p(T) < 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.5. The anisotropy is characterized by the Fourier coefficients, vn, of the charged-particle azimuthal angle distribution for n = 2-4. The Fourier coefficients are evaluated using multi-particle cumulants calculated with the generating function method. Results on the transverse momentum, pseudorapidity and centrality dependence of the v(n) coefficients are presented. The elliptic flow, v(2), is obtained from the two-, four-, six-and eight-particle cumulants while higher-order coefficients, v(3) and v(4), are determined with two-and four-particle cumulants. Flow harmonics v(n) measured with four-particle cumulants are significantly reduced compared to the measurement involving two-particle cumulants. A comparison to v(n) measurements obtained using different analysis methods and previously reported by the LHC experiments is also shown. Results of measurements of flow fluctuations evaluated with multiparticle cumulants are shown as a function of transverse momentum and the collision centrality. Models of the initial spatial geometry and its fluctuations fail to describe the flow fluctuations measurements