Gay- and Lesbian-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Stereotyping and Discrimination

Thegrowing bodyof literatureonthe recognition of sexual orientation from voice (‘‘auditory gaydar’’) is silent on the cognitive and social consequences of having a gay-/lesbianversus heterosexual-sounding voice.We investigated this issue in four studies (overall N=276), conducted in Italian language, in which heterosexual listeners were exposed to single-sentence voice samples of gay/lesbian and heterosexual speakers. In all four studies, listeners were found to make gender-typical inferences about traits and preferences of heterosexual speakers, but gender-atypical inferences about those of gay or lesbian speakers. Behavioral intentionmeasures showed that listeners considered lesbian and gay speakers as less suitable for a leadership position, andmale (but not female) listeners took distance from gay speakers. Together, this research demonstrates that having a gay/ lesbian rather than heterosexual-sounding voice has tangible consequences for stereotyping and discrimination

Gay- and Lesbian-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Stereotyping and Discrimination

open4openFasoli, Fabio; Maass, Anne; Paladino, Maria Paola; Sulpizio, SimoneFasoli, Fabio; Maass, Anne; Paladino, Maria Paola; Sulpizio, Simon

Toward a Century of Language Attitudes Research:Looking Back and Moving Forward

The study of language attitudes is concerned with the social meanings people assign to language and its users. With roots in social psychology nearly a century ago, language attitudes research spans several academic disciplines and draws on diverse methodological approaches. In an attempt to integrate this work and traverse disciplinary boundaries and methodological proclivities, we propose that language attitudes—as a unified field—can be organized into five distinct—yet interdependent and complementary—lines of research: documentation, explanation, development, consequences, and change. After highlighting some of the key findings that have emerged from each area, we discuss several opportunities and challenges for future research

Understanding the mental health literacy and service needs of men

Written evidence submitted by Dr Paul Gorczynski and Dr Fabio Fasoli (IMH0019). Men's Health Inquiry. Health and Social Care Committee, Commons Select Committee, UK Parliament. This evidence is submitted to raise awareness of the mental health literacy and service needs of men to improve evidence-based policy to help men find, understand, and use information to seek mental health professionals and services

From self to ingroup reclaiming of homophobic epithets: A replication and extension of Galinsky et al.'s (2013) model of reappropriation

Reappropration of derogatory group labels by minority members is a coping strategy against stigmatisation. The aim of this research is twofold. First, we intend to replicate Galinsky et al.'s findings (2013), suggesting that self-labelling (i.e., the self-referential use of a derogatory group label), compared to outgroup-labelling (i.e., the use of a derogatory group label by an outgroup member), enhances self-power and positively reframes the label. Second, we test whether ingroup-labelling (i.e., the use of a derogatory group label by an ingroup member towards another ingroup member), likewise self-labelling, is effective to reclaim derogatory group labels or, likewise outgroup-labelling, reenacts stigmatisation. Gay men were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, namely, self-labelling, ingroup-labelling, or outgroup-labelling, in Study 1 (N = 158) and randomly presented all condition in Study 2 (N = 99). Results showed that participants in the ingroup-labelling condition, similarly to those in the self- labelling condition, reported enhanced self-power and appraised the label as less negative in comparison to participants in the outgroup-labelling condition. Our results replicate the findings of Galinsky et al.'s (2013) on self-labelling, and they are the first to suggest that ingroup-labelling is also effective at counteracting stigmatising labels

When voice signals nationality and sexual orientation:Speakers’ self-perceptions and perceived stigmatization

Research has shown that individuals speaking low-prestige language varieties are often negatively evaluated and stigmatized by others. However, less is known about how speakers of such language varieties perceive their own speech. Here, we examined self-perceptions and perceived stigma of speakers who belong to multiple social categories signaled by auditory cues. Specifically, we examined beliefs of sexual minority and heterosexual male speakers who were either British nationals (native English speakers) or foreigners living in the UK (non-native English speakers). British speakers believed their voices cue their nationality more than foreigners. Heterosexuals believed their voices reveal their sexual orientation, but only when they self-perceived as sounding masculine. Sexual minority and foreign speakers felt more stigmatized because of the way they sound than did heterosexual and British speakers, respectively. These findings have implications for intergroup communication and voice-based stigmatization literature

Plasma turbulence studies in TORPEX basic plasma pyhsics device: from concentric flux surfaces to single null X-points

TORPEX is a basic plasma physics device where a simple magnetized torus (SMT) is produced by adding a small vertical magnetic field to a main toroidal component, generating helical field lines. The SMT configuration features the main ingredients of a tokamak Scrape-Off Layer (SOL), namely density gradients in the presence of magnetic field curvature and gradient. Recently, a toroidal in-vessel copper conductor has been installed in the TORPEX device. A current up to 1kA can be driven in the toroidal conductor. This produces a poloidal magnetic field, which closes the field lines together with the toroidal field, resulting in a monotonic safety factor profile from 1 to 12 along the radial direction with an almost constant magnetic shear of 2. Several magnetic field geometries are accessible using the vertical field coils, from wall-limited plasmas with a SOL on the high-field side or low-field side, to single or double-null X-points as well as magnetic snowflakes. This way, more fusion relevant configurations of increasing complexity are achieved, while maintaining plasma parameters in ranges that allow a complete spatio-temporal diagnostic coverage across the plasma cross-section. Magnetic configurations with almost circular and concentric flux surfaces are considered for the analysis of plasma coherent structures. Quasi-coherent modes with a strong poloidal asymmetry are measured. A dominant localization on the bad-curvature region of the plasma volume (low field side) suggests a ballooning nature for these instabilities. A spectral characterization at the position of maximum fluctuation amplitudes is performed, including measurements of the power spectral density, indicating mode frequencies in the range 15-30 kHz. Measurements of vertical and toroidal correlations for several values of the poloidal magnetic field have been performed, allowing us to calculate the poloidal and toroidal mode-numbers. Field aligned modes with a toroidal mode number n=1 are identified. This is being compared with the numerical results obtained with the linear version of the Global Braginskii Solver (GBS) to assess the nature of the observed dominant instabilities. Initial measurements of plasma turbulence in TORPEX plasmas with a single null Xpoint will also be discussed, including analysis of the blob dynamics in this configuration performed using imaging techniques and conditional average sampling

Taboo language across the globe: A multi-lab study

The use of taboo words represents one of the most common and arguably universal linguistic behaviors, fulfilling a wide range of psychological and social functions. However, in the scientific literature, taboo language is poorly characterized, and how it is realized in different languages and populations remains largely unexplored. Here we provide a database of taboo words, collected from different linguistic communities (Study 1, N = 1046), along with their speaker-centered semantic characterization (Study 2, N = 455 for each of six rating dimensions), covering 13 languages and 17 countries from all five permanently inhabited continents. Our results show that, in all languages, taboo words are mainly characterized by extremely low valence and high arousal, and very low written frequency. However, a significant amount of cross-country variability in words’ tabooness and offensiveness proves the importance of community-specific sociocultural knowledge in the study of taboo language

First fluctuation measurements in the new confined plasma configuration of the TORPEX device

The basic plasma physics device TORPEX features some of the main ingredients of the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) of fusion devices, including gradients of density and magnetic field, as well as magnetic field curvature. A simple magnetized torus configuration (SMT) is produced using a small vertical magnetic field component superimposed to the main toroidal field, resulting in helical open magnetic field lines. A comprehensive study of electrostatic instabilities and turbulence in TORPEX plasmas has been performed in the last years. A new experimental set-up has been recently implemented on the TORPEX device to produce a poloidal magnetic field and a rotational transform. This set-up is based on an in-vessel toroidal copper wire of 1 cm of radius, suspended in the middle of the vacuum vessel of TORPEX by several horizontal and vertical supports. These supports can also be used to position the current carrying wire at different vertical positions up to the top of the chamber to recover the original SMT configuration. The wire is powered by an external power supply providing a maximum current of 1 kA during a flat-top of about 0.5s. A 0.2s dynamics for the ramp-up and the ramp-down phases is given by the power supply temporal response. The current flowing in the toroidal wire generates a poloidal magnetic field that leads to a rotational transform. In the resulting magnetic field lines configuration the characterization of the plasma turbulence and instabilities can be performed on both the core region of closed flux-surfaces and the SOL region of open field lines. A proper value of the vertical magnetic field is used to precisely define the geometry of closed/open field lines, with the vessel walls acting as a limiter. An overview of the new experimental set-up will be presented, together with the background plasma parameters and profile. We will discuss the first measurements of plasma fluctuations in the SOL and their spatio-temporal evolution. The more advanced magnetic configurations that are accessible with this new experimental set-up will also be presented