Professionell Handeln zwischen den Fronten. Interpretationen und Entwicklungen von "Professionalität" in AMS-beauftragten Kursmaßnahmen

AMS-finanzierte Kursmaßnahmen bedeuten für ErwachsenenbildnerInnen ein Betätigungsfeld mit besonderen und diffizilen Herausforderungen. Was "Qualität" und "professionelles Handeln" in diesem Feld heißen können, hängt ganz davon ab, wer nach ihnen fragt und wann und mit welchem Interesse. Konkrete Professionalitätskonzepte und aktuelle Entwicklungen in diesem Arbeitsfeld sind Gegenstand des vorliegenden Diskussionsbeitrages aus der Praxis. Professionelles Handeln entsteht (jenseits von Berufsvertretungen oder standardisierten Qualifizierungen) zwischen Berufsethos, Dienstleistungslogik und einem Arbeitsprozesswissen, das erst in der Praxis generiert wird. Dabei können die Handlungslogiken des AMS, der TrägerInnen, TrainerInnen und TeilnehmerInnen einander unterstützen, irritieren oder behindern – nur gleichgültig lassen können sie einander nicht. (DIPF/Orig.

Cytotoxic and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of extracts from selected species of the Centaurea L. genus

Faschingbauer J.: Cytotoxická a cholinesterasová inhibiční aktivita extraktů z vybraných druhů rodu Centaurea L.. Diplomová práce, Univerzita Karlova, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové, Katedra farmaceutické botaniky, Hradec Králové 2019. V rámci screeningu biologicky aktivních sekundárních metabolitů rostlin, prováděné na katedře farmaceutické botaniky FAF UK, byly zkoumány vybrané taxony rodu Centaurea (Asteraceae). Tato studie se zabývá základním fytochemickým výzkumem extraktů připravených z nažek druhů Centaurea cyanus, Centaurea jacea, Centaurea scabiosa, Centaurea pseudophrygia,Centuarea stoebe, Centaurea solstitialis a Centaurea benedicta. Pro objasnění jednotlivých skupin sekundárních metabolitů byly připravené extrakty podrobené důkazovým reakcím na TLC a MS analýze (EI, ESI). Ethyl-acetátové i sumární ethanolové extrakty byly zkoumány na potenciální inhibiční aktivitu vůči lidské erytrocytární acetylcholinesterase (AChE) a plazmové butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) a cytotoxictě vůči vybraným 9 nádorovým liniím. Zajímavou cholinesterasovou aktivitu vykazoval ethyl- acetátový extrakt C. cyanus, který selektivně inhiboval BChE (IC50 BChE = 22,62 ± 3,62 µg/ml; IC50 AChE = 221,50 ± 44,56 µg/ml). Ostatní ethyl-acetátové a ethanolové extrakty dalších vybraných druhů rodu Centaurea byly vůči...Faschingbauer J.: Cytotoxic and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of extracts from selected species of the Centaurea L. genus. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hradec Králové, 2019. During the screening of biologically active secondary metabolites of plants carried out at the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany FAF UK, selected taxa of the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae) were investigated. This study is focused on a basic phytohemical research of extracts prepared from Centaurea cyanus, Centaurea jacea, Centaurea scabiosa, Centaurea pseudophrygia, Centuarea stoebe, Centaurea solstitialis a Centaurea benedicta. Extracts were prepared for evidence of the proof reactions of TLC and MS analysis (EI, ESI) to clarify a potential presence of alkaloids. EtOAc and ethanol extracts were evaluated for potential inhibitory activity against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and cytotoxicity against selected 9 tumor lines. C. cyanus alkaloid extract had interesting cholinesterase activity which selectively inhibited BChE (IC50 BChE = 22.62 ± 3.62 μg / ml, IC50 AChE = 221.50 ± 44.56 g / ml). Other EtOAc extracts of selected Centaurea species were considered inactive (IC50 > 100 μg/ml)....Katedra farmakognozie a farmaceutické botanikyDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical BotanyFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králov

Cytotoxic and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of extracts from selected species of the Centaurea L. genus

Faschingbauer J.: Cytotoxická a cholinesterasová inhibiční aktivita extraktů z vybraných druhů rodu Centaurea L.. Diplomová práce, Univerzita Karlova, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové, Katedra farmaceutické botaniky, Hradec Králové 2019. V rámci screeningu biologicky aktivních sekundárních metabolitů rostlin, prováděné na katedře farmaceutické botaniky FAF UK, byly zkoumány vybrané taxony rodu Centaurea (Asteraceae). Tato studie se zabývá základním fytochemickým výzkumem extraktů připravených z nažek druhů Centaurea cyanus, Centaurea jacea, Centaurea scabiosa, Centaurea pseudophrygia,Centuarea stoebe, Centaurea solstitialis a Centaurea benedicta. Pro objasnění jednotlivých skupin sekundárních metabolitů byly připravené extrakty podrobené důkazovým reakcím na TLC a MS analýze (EI, ESI). Ethyl-acetátové i sumární ethanolové extrakty byly zkoumány na potenciální inhibiční aktivitu vůči lidské erytrocytární acetylcholinesterase (AChE) a plazmové butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) a cytotoxictě vůči vybraným 9 nádorovým liniím. Zajímavou cholinesterasovou aktivitu vykazoval ethyl- acetátový extrakt C. cyanus, který selektivně inhiboval BChE (IC50 BChE = 22,62 ± 3,62 µg/ml; IC50 AChE = 221,50 ± 44,56 µg/ml). Ostatní ethyl-acetátové a ethanolové extrakty dalších vybraných druhů rodu Centaurea byly vůči...Faschingbauer J.: Cytotoxic and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of extracts from selected species of the Centaurea L. genus. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hradec Králové, 2019. During the screening of biologically active secondary metabolites of plants carried out at the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany FAF UK, selected taxa of the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae) were investigated. This study is focused on a basic phytohemical research of extracts prepared from Centaurea cyanus, Centaurea jacea, Centaurea scabiosa, Centaurea pseudophrygia, Centuarea stoebe, Centaurea solstitialis a Centaurea benedicta. Extracts were prepared for evidence of the proof reactions of TLC and MS analysis (EI, ESI) to clarify a potential presence of alkaloids. EtOAc and ethanol extracts were evaluated for potential inhibitory activity against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and cytotoxicity against selected 9 tumor lines. C. cyanus alkaloid extract had interesting cholinesterase activity which selectively inhibited BChE (IC50 BChE = 22.62 ± 3.62 μg / ml, IC50 AChE = 221.50 ± 44.56 g / ml). Other EtOAc extracts of selected Centaurea species were considered inactive (IC50 > 100 μg/ml)....Department of Pharmaceutical BotanyKatedra farmaceutické botanikyFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci KrálovéFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králov

Predicting Birth Weight with Conditionally Linear Transformation Models

Low and high birth weight (BW) are important risk factors for neonatal morbidity and mortality. Gynecologists must therefore accurately predict BW before delivery. Most prediction formulas for BW are based on prenatal ultrasound measurements carried out within one week prior to birth. Although successfully used in clinical practice, these formulas focus on point predictions of BW but do not systematically quantify uncertainty of the predictions, i.e. they result in estimates of the conditional mean of BW but do not deliver prediction intervals. To overcome this problem, we introduce conditionally linear transformation models (CLTMs) to predict BW. Instead of focusing only on the conditional mean, CLTMs model the whole conditional distribution function of BW given prenatal ultrasound parameters. Consequently, the CLTM approach delivers both point predictions of BW and fetus-specific prediction intervals. Prediction intervals constitute an easy-to-interpret measure of prediction accuracy and allow identification of fetuses subject to high prediction uncertainty. Using a data set of 8712 deliveries at the Perinatal Centre at the University Clinic Erlangen (Germany), we analyzed variants of CLTMs and compared them to standard linear regression estimation techniques used in the past and to quantile regression approaches. The best-performing CLTM variant was competitive with quantile regression and linear regression approaches in terms of conditional coverage and average length of the prediction intervals. We propose that CLTMs be used because they are able to account for possible heteroscedasticity, kurtosis, and skewness of the distribution of BWs

Boosting distributional copula regression

Capturing complex dependence structures between outcome variables (e.g., study endpoints) is of high relevance in contemporary biomedical data problems and medical research. Distributional copula regression provides a flexible tool to model the joint distribution of multiple outcome variables by disentangling the marginal response distributions and their dependence structure. In a regression setup, each parameter of the copula model, that is, the marginal distribution parameters and the copula dependence parameters, can be related to covariates via structured additive predictors. We propose a framework to fit distributional copula regression via model‐based boosting, which is a modern estimation technique that incorporates useful features like an intrinsic variable selection mechanism, parameter shrinkage and the capability to fit regression models in high‐dimensional data setting, that is, situations with more covariates than observations. Thus, model‐based boosting does not only complement existing Bayesian and maximum‐likelihood based estimation frameworks for this model class but rather enables unique intrinsic mechanisms that can be helpful in many applied problems. The performance of our boosting algorithm for copula regression models with continuous margins is evaluated in simulation studies that cover low‐ and high‐dimensional data settings and situations with and without dependence between the responses. Moreover, distributional copula boosting is used to jointly analyze and predict the length and the weight of newborns conditional on sonographic measurements of the fetus before delivery together with other clinical variables.Peer Reviewe

Impact of degeneration and material pairings on cartilage friction: Cartilage versus glass

The association of knee joint osteoarthritis and altered frictional properties of the degenerated cartilage remains ambiguous, because previous in vitro studies did not consider the characteristic loads and velocities during gait. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify the friction behavior of degenerated human cartilage under characteristic stance and swing phase conditions. A dynamic pin-on-plate tribometer was used to test the tribological systems of cartilage against cartilage and cartilage against glass, both with synthetic synovial fluid as lubricant. Using the International Cartilage Repair Society classification, the cartilage samples were assigned to a mildly or a severely degenerated group before testing. Friction coefficients were calculated under stance and swing phase conditions at the beginning of the test and after 600 s of testing. The most important finding of this study is that cartilage against glass couplings displayed significantly higher friction for the severely degenerated samples compared to the mildly degenerated ones, whereas cartilage against cartilage couplings only indicated slight tendencies under the observed test conditions. Consequently, care should be taken when transferring in vitro findings from cartilage against cartilage couplings to predict the friction behavior in vivo. Therefore, we recommend in vitro tribological testing methods which account for gait-like loading conditions and to replicate physiological material pairings, particularly in preclinical medical device validation studies

Low-mass e+e- pair production in 158 A GeV Pb-Au collisions at the CERN SPS, its dependence on multiplicity and transverse momentum

We report a measurement of low-mass electron pairs observed in 158 GeV/nucleon Pb-Au collisions. The pair yield integrated over the range of invariant masses 0.2 < m < 2.0 GeV is enhanced by a factor of 3.5 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.9 (syst) over the expectation from neutral meson decays. As observed previously in S-Au collisions, the enhancement is most pronounced in the invariant-mass region 300-700 MeV. For Pb-Au we find evidence for a strong increase of the enhancement with centrality. In addition, we show that the enhancement covers a wide range in transverse momentum, but is largest at the lowest observed pt.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys.Lett.

Recent results from Pb-Au collisions at 158 GeV/c per nucleon obtained with the CERES spectrometer

During the 1996 lead run time, CERES has accumulated 42 million events, corresponding to a factor of 5 more statistics than in 1995 and 2.5 million events of a special photon-run. We report on the results of the low-mass e$^+$e$^-$-pair analysis. Since the most critical item is the poor signal-to-background ratio we also discuss the understanding of this background, in absolute terms, with the help of a detailed Monte Carlo simulation. We show preliminary results of the photon analysis and summarize the results of the hadron analysis preliminarily reported on already at QM'97Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Proceedings of the XIV Int. Conf. on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions,Quark Matter 99, Torino, Italy, May 10 - 15, 199

D-lactate is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection

IntroductionReliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) are of paramount clinical value. To date, synovial fluid leukocyte count is the standard surrogate parameter indicating PJI. As D-lactate is almost solely produced by bacteria, it represents a promising molecule in the diagnostic workflow of PJI evaluation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the performance of synovial fluid D-lactate for diagnosing PJI of the hip and knee.Materials and MethodsThese are preliminary results of a prospective multicenter study from one academic center. Seventy-two consecutive patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were prospectively included. All patients received a joint aspiration in order to rule out or confirm PJI, which was diagnosed according to previously published institutional criteria. Synovial fluid D-lactate was determined spectrophotometrically at 450 nm. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance.ResultsEighteen patients (25%) were diagnosed with PJI and 54 patients (75%) were classified as aseptic. Synovial fluid D-lactate showed a sensitivity of 90.7% (95% CI: 79.7%–96.9%) and specificity of 83.3% (95% CI: 58.6%–96.4%) at a cut-off of 0.04 mmol/L. The median concentration of D-lactate was significantly higher in patients with PJI than in those with aseptic conditions (0.048 mmol/L, range, 0.026–0.076 mmol/L vs. 0.024 mmol/L, range, 0.003–0.058 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.0001). The predominat microogranisms were staphylococci, followed by streptococci and gram-negative bacteria.ConclusionD-lactate bears a strong potential to act as a valuable biomarker for diagnosing PJI of the hip and knee. In our study, a cutoff of 0.04 mmol/L showed a comparable sensitivity to synovial fluid leukocyte count. However, its specificity was higher compared to conventional diagnostic tools. The additional advantages of D-lactate testing are requirement of low synovial fluid volume, short turnaround time and low cost