Appraisal of effectiveness and comparison of parent-child interaction therapy and parent management training on symptom improvement of ADHD among boys with ADHD

Parenting a child who has ADHD presents most parents with many challenges. The aim of study was to appraise the effectiveness and comparison of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) and parent management training (PMT) to mothers in symptom improvement of 8-10 year old boys with ADHD in Urmia. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group was used. The population consisted of all mothers of 8-10 year old boys with ADHD in Urmia in 2012 who were referred to the counseling and treatment centers and their children received ADHD combined type diagnosis. Children who had the highest scores in Conner's Rating Scale (teachers & parents) were considered as ADHD patients that 45 patients were selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned randomly into two experimental groups (n=15)and a control group. Then, experimental groups were trained by Eyberg's PCIT and Patterson's PMT during 9 sessions which were held once a week. The control group received no intervention. In order to collect the study's data Conners Scales and the SWAN Rating Scale for ADHD were used. Data analysis was done by analysis of covariance with SPSS-16 software. The results showed that the difference between pretest and posttest scores of control group is equal to F=185.23 that it is significant (p<0.01). Results of Tukey's test showed that there was significant difference between the PCIT and PMT at level of 0.05 and this effect was stronger for PCIT group. Overall, it can be concluded that both of the programs were effective in relieving the ADHD symptoms but the PCIT was more effective

Testing the Seven-Factor Model of Academic Motivation (MUSIC) in Medical Sciences Students

Introduction: Academic motivation can be perceived as a factor in deciding to continue academic education. One of the new models in this area is Jones’s model of academic motivation (MUSIC). This study aimed to test the seven-factor structure of this motivation model in medical sciences students. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 378 students (197 females and 181 males) of Urmia University of Medical Sciences who were selected through cluster sampling method. Data were collected using Jones and Wilkins’s 26-item students’ motivation questionnaire. Amos-16 software was used for the correlation matrix analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: A positive significant correlation existed among the components of the model. Goodness of fit indices showed that the seven-factor model provides a good fit of students’ academic motivation. Conclusion: The seven-factor structure of academic motivation (MUSIC) model can be highly useful in developing and promoting students’ academic motivation and participation