54 research outputs found
The likelihood ratio and its graphical representation
Diagnostic tests are important clinical tools. Bayesā theorem and Bayesian approach are important methods for interpreting test results. The Bayesian
factor, the so-called likelihood ratio, has not always been well-understood. In this article, we try to discuss the likelihood ratio and its value for a
specific test result, a positive or negative test result, and a range of test results, along with their graphical representations
On determining the sensitivity and specificity of a new diagnostic test through comparing its results against a non-gold-standard test
Diagnostic tests are important clinical tools. To assess the sensitivity and specificity of a new test, its results should be compared against a gold standard. However, the gold-standard test is not always available. Herein, I show that we can compare the new test against a well-established diagnostic test (not a gold-standard test, but with known sensitivity and specificity) and compute the sensitivity and specificity of the new test if we would have compared it against the gold-standard test. The technique presented is useful for situations where the gold standard is not readily available
Whatās in a name, anyway?
We have used names, particularly surnames, to identify people who are related. However, this has been done in various ways in different societies. While in many western countries we use a given (first) name and a surname (family name) to identify a person, in Arab countries, there are in fact no surnames; people use their given name followed by their fatherās given name. For example, while my name in a western system is āFarrokh Habibzadehā (Farrokh is my first name and Habibzadeh is my family name), my name in Arabic documents, say in a visa, would be āFarrokh Naserā (Naser is my fatherās first name). Chinese use another style. They usually use their surname followed by their given name. Then, my name in a Chinese system would be āHabibzadeh Farrokh
The apparent prevalence, the true prevalence
Serologic tests are important for conducting seroepidemiologic and prevalence studies. However, the tests used are typically imperfect and produce false-positive and false-negative results. This is why the seropositive rate (apparent prevalence) does not typically reflect the true prevalence of the disease or condition of interest. Herein, we discuss the way the true prevalence could be derived from the apparent prevalence and test sensitivity and specificity. A computer simulation based on the Monte-Carlo algorithm was also used to further examine a situation where the measured test sensitivity and specificity are also uncertain. We then complete our review with a real example. The apparent prevalence observed in many prevalence studies published in medical literature is a biased estimation and cannot be interpreted correctly unless we correct the value
Are Shorter Article Titles More Attractive for Citations? Crosssectional Study of 22 Scientific Journals
Aim To investigate the correlation between the length of
the title of a scientific article and the number of citations
it receives, in view of the common editorial call for shorter
titles.
Methods Title and the number of citations to all articles
published in 2005 in 22 arbitrarily chosen English-language
journals (n = 9031) were retrieved from citation database
Scopus. The 2008 journal impact factors of these 22
journals were also retrieved from Thomson Reutersā Journal
Citation Report (JCR). Assuming the article title length as
the independent variable, and the number of citations to
the article as the dependent variable, a linear regression
model was applied.
Results The slope of the regression line for some journals
(n = 6, when titles were measured in characters but 7 when
titles were measured in words) was negative ā none was
significantly different from 0. The overall slope for all journals
was 0.140 (when titles were measured in characters)
and 0.778 (when titles were measured in words), which is
significantly different from 0 (P < 0.001 , t test). Overall, articles
with longer titles received more citations ā Spearman
Ļ = 0.266 ā when titles were measured in characters, and
Ļ = 0.244 when titles were measured in words (P < 0.001).
This association was found for 7 of 8 journals with impact
factor >10 and for 2 out of 14 journals with impact factor
<10 (P < 0.001, Fisher exact test).
Conclusion Longer titles seem to be associated with higher
citation rates. This association is more pronounced for
journals with high impact factors. Editors who insist on
brief and concise titles should perhaps update the guidelines
for authors of their journals and have more flexibility
regarding the length of the title
MY LIFE AS AN EDITOR AND CONSULTANT OF MEDICAL JOURNALS
MY LIFE AS AN EDITOR AND CONSULTANT OF MEDICAL JOURNAL
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