Employment Contract Matching: An Analysis of Dual Earner Couples and Working Households

We explore the significance of intra-couple and intra -household influences on three broad types of employment contracts: self-employment, performance related pay, and salaried employment. Individuals may pool income risk with their partners by holding a diversified portfolio of employment contracts, introducing intra-household risk pooling. Alternatively, employment contract matching may occur whereby individuals within couples or households are employed under similar contracts. Our empirical analysis, based on cross-section data drawn from the British Family Expenditure Surveys 1996 to 2000, provides evidence of employment contract matching both within dual earner couples and, to a lesser extent, in the context of working household members.Dual Earner Couples; Employment Contract Matching; Self-employment; Assortative Mating

Who are the Self-employed? A New Approach

Whilst the individual supply-side characteristics of the self-employed are well documented, the literature has largely neglected (or mis-specified) demand-side aspects. Our econometric framework, based on the parameterised DOGEV model, allows us to separately, and simultaneously, model supply and demand-side influences. We show that whilst individual characteristics are important determinants of type of employment contract held, there are important contract-specific factors influencing the contract an individual is employed under. Our results suggest that workers may be "captive" to particular types of employment because of the sectors in which they work, the number of hours they prefer to work and their ethnicity.self-employment, captivity

Who are the Self-employed? A New Approach

Modelling the incidence of self-employment has traditionally proved problematic. Whilst the individual supply side characteristics of the self-employed are well documented, the literature has largely neglected (or misspecified) demand side aspects. In this paper we present results from an econometric framework that allows us to separately, and simultaneously, model the supply and demand side characteristics that determine employment outcomes. We show that whilst individual characteristics are important determinants of the type of employment contract that individuals hold, there are also important contract specific factors that influence the nature of the contract an individual is employed under. Our results suggest that workers may be "captive" to a particular type of employment because of the sector in which they work, the number of hours they prefer to work and their ethnicity. The results are based on a new estimator, the parameterised DOGEV model, which allows for ordering and correlation in the observed alternatives, and for captivity within an observed alternative.Self-employment, captivity.

Life Satisfaction: Measurement Invariance and Correlations with Adolescent Adjustment

Background Low life satisfaction during adolescence has been associated with adjustment problems. There are few well-validated measures available to assess adolescents’ life-satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure of the Life Satisfaction Scale, evaluate its measurement invariance across sex and race/ethnicity, and investigate its associations with related constructs. Methods Participants were 3,340 adolescents from rural middle schools in Florida. Half the participants were female, 51% were White, 15% were Black, and 22% were Latinx. Adolescents completed the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Children’s Report of Exposure to Violence scale, and the Problem Behavior Frequency Scale. Results Confirmatory factor analysis found support for a single factor representing overall life satisfaction, and strong measurement invariance across race, but not across sex. There were significant differences in item thresholds such that girls at the same level of life satisfaction as boys, were more likely to endorse higher responses to items assessing satisfaction with school, with themselves, and with their friendships. Life satisfaction had significant negative correlations with violence exposure, problem behavior, and peer pressure for drug use. Conclusion Findings suggest that the Life Satisfaction Scale may be suitable for assessing life satisfaction across different groups of adolescents. Examining sex differences must be done cautiously as life satisfaction may have different meanings to boys and girls. The inverse correlations between life satisfaction, violence exposure and problem behavior across groups highlights the importance of developing sound measures to assess this important construct and determine how it relates to youth adjustment.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/gradposters/1076/thumbnail.jp

Breaking Back: A Content Analysis of Wimbledon Singles Coverage in America and Great Britain

With fairly equitable distribution of coverage between male and female athletes, especially at Grand Slam tournaments like Wimbledon, tennis is the ideal sport to study in order to better understand the changing dynamics of gender construction within sports broadcast commentary. Using content analysis, this study examines ESPN and British Broadcasting Company (BBC) coverage of the 2016 men’s and women’s Wimbledon singles finals. Commentary was studied as a way to compare how prescribed gender roles are perpetuated for male and female players, as well as to examine the regional differences that exist between American and British sport commentary. The data from this study upheld findings from past research such as the continued presence of gendered naming practices in sports commentary. It also affirmed that while there have been changes in the use of gendered language in areas relating to emotion, coaches, and family, many of the commentary trends established in past research continue to exist in both American and British sports broadcasting

Welfare Time Limits: An Update on State Policies, Implementation, and Effects on Families

One of the most controversial features of the 1990s welfare reforms was the imposition of time limits on benefit receipt. This comprehensive review, written by The Lewin Group and MDRC, includes analyses of administrative data reported by states to the federal government, visits to several states, and a literature review

The Effect of Impedance Mismatch on Phase Linearity of GCPW Loaded Transmission Lines and Shunt Stubs

This paper presents a study on the effect of impedance mismatch on phase linearity (group delay variations) in grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) structures. Two 400 ps GCPW delay lines were designed using a short circuited stub and a trans- mission line. The structures were simulated over a wide frequency range (0.1 GHz- 5 GHz) using both ADS circuit model and CST electromagnetic simulation tool. Based on mathematical analysis and simulation results, impedance mismatch appears to have a large e_ect on group delay variations in stubs when compared to transmission lines. The simulated time delay of the short circuited stub shows a maximum delay deviation of ±0.75% and ±7.4% for 1.6% and 5.8% impedance mismatch values, respectively. On the other hand, the transmission delay line simulation results show only ±0.1% and ±1.5% for the same impedance mismatch. For the electromagnetic simulation, the presented results indicate even larger variation of time delay for GCPW short stub as it reaches ±3.75% and ±7.5% at 2 GHz and 4.5 GHz for 1.6% impedance mismatch, respectivel

Wide Band Switched Delay Line using MEMS Switches

This paper presents a high precision wide band switched delay line with fine tuning capability and low insertion loss. The circuit is designed to operate in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 5 GHz and tuned using MEMS switches targeting a minimum delay step of 7 ps. The delay line uses a single layer of a high permittivity substrate ("r =10), and the MEMS devices are interconnected using conventional coplanar waveguide technology (CPW). The circuit was designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The simulated group delay shows a small deviation from the linear phase of less than 1o over a wide bandwidth compared to the performance of SAW and ceramic filters [1]. The simulation results shows an insertion loss and a return loss of better than 1 dB and 20 dB respectively

University Writing Centre Tutoring Handbook

This handbook is designed with two audiences in mind. The first of these is tutors working in the Maynooth University Writing Centre; the second is any writing centre director who may wish to produce or revitalise a handbook for writing centre tutors. With regards to the latter, we hope that this modest offering might prevent colleagues in other setting from having to start from scratch should they wish to develop a handbook for their tutors. The handbook has been compiled by existing Maynooth University Writing Centre staff and staff who have since moved on from the Writing Centre

University Writing Centre Tutoring Handbook

This handbook is designed with two audiences in mind. The first of these is tutors working in the Maynooth University Writing Centre; the second is any writing centre director who may wish to produce or revitalise a handbook for writing centre tutors. With regards to the latter, we hope that this modest offering might prevent colleagues in other setting from having to start from scratch should they wish to develop a handbook for their tutors. The handbook has been compiled by existing Maynooth University Writing Centre staff and staff who have since moved on from the Writing Centre