New recurrence relationships between orthogonal polynomials which lead to new Lanczos-type algorithms

Lanczos methods for solving Ax = b consist in constructing a sequence of vectors (Xk),k = 1,... such that rk = b-AXk= Pk(A)r0, where Pk is the orthogonal polynomial of degree at most k with respect to the linear functional c defined as c(εi) = (y, Air0). Let P(1)k be the regular monic polynomial of degree k belonging to the family of formal orthogonal polynomials (FOP) with respect to c(1) defined as c(1)(εi) = c(εi+1). All Lanczos-type algorithms are characterized by the choice of one or two recurrence relationships, one for Pk and one for P(1)k. We shall study some new recurrence relations involving these two polynomials and their possible combinations to obtain new Lanczos-type algorithms. We will show that some recurrence relations exist, but cannot be used to derive Lanczos-type algorithms, while others do not exist at all

CONSUMPTION OF CONVENIENCE MEAT PRODUCTS: RESULTS FROM AN EXPLORATORY NEW JERSEY SURVEY

This exploratory study examines the effect of various factors on the decision to consume convenience meat products. Factors important to the decision by consumers to try convenience meat products are fat consciousness, number of adults and children in the household, education level, ownership of a microwave oven, average time to cook dinner, age, and to some extent, income.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Of Religion and Redemption: Evidence from Default on Islamic Loans (Replaces CentER DP 2010-136)

Abstract: We compare default rates on conventional and Islamic loans using a comprehensive monthly dataset from Pakistan that follows more than 150,000 loans over the period 2006:04 to 2008:12. We find robust evidence that the default rate on Islamic loans is less than half the default rate on conventional loans. Islamic loans are less likely to default during Ramadan and in big cities if the share of votes to religious-political parties increases, suggesting that religion – either through individual piousness or network effects – may play a role in determining loan default.Loan Default;Islamic Loans;Religion;Duration Analysis

The Persistence and Transition of Rural Poverty in Pakistan: 1998-2004

This study has used two rounds of the two panel data sets to examine the poverty dynamics in rural Pakistan (Sindh and Punjab). The Pakistan Socio- Economic Survey (PSES ) covers two periods, 1998 and 2000, while the Pakistan Rural Household Survey (PRHS) covers the 2001 and 2004 period. More than one-fifth of the households were chronically poor in the PSES rounds , and 11 percent in the PRHS rounds. Further, both chronic and transitory poverty are higher in Sindh and southern Punjab than in centra l and northern Punjab. Illiteracy, household size, dependency ratio, lack of livestock, landlessness, lack of ownership of dwellings, and health expenditure are the factors responsible for aggravating long-term poverty. The higher incidence of transitory poverty in rural Sindh and southern Punjab indicates the impact of large investments made in the public sector to raise the living standards there to the level of the better-off regions.Poverty, Chronic Poverty, Household Panel Datasets, Rural Pakistan