Associated Injuries in Patients with Maxillofacial Trauma at Dhaka Dental College Hospital by Motorcycle Accident

Background: Facial skeleton injuries are common in emergency departments and can cause physical and psychological distress. The mandible is the most commonly fractured site, followed by the maxillae, zygomatic bone, and nasal bone. Tooth injuries are also common. Although rarely fatal, these injuries may be associated with life-threatening conditions in other parts of the body. Objective: To assess the other bony and soft tissue injuries along with facial bone fracture Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital. Main outcome variable were age, sex, site, etiology, bony and soft tissue injury over the skin. Thirty patients with maxillofacial trauma who were attended to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were selected for the study. Study Period: 10 January 2019 to 15 July 2019 Results: Majority of the patients were in the 2nd to 4th decade (80%) with a male to female ratio of 6.5:1. The motorcycle accident occurred with pavement 9 (30.0%) followed by 20% with truck, 5 (16.7%) with bus, 13.3% with motorcycle, 10% accident with pedestrian and 6.7% with autorickshaw. Mandible was the most commonly fractured facial bone (36.67%), followed by midface fracture (20.0%), Lefort-II (16.7%) and Lefort-III (13.3%). Closed head injury such as scalp injury were more 19 (63.3%) then linear fracture 7 (23.3%) and depressed fracture of temporal bone. A total of 23 (76.7%) patients were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident and rest of 7 (23.3%) had no helmet. The soft tissue injuries were significantly more in non-helmeted subjects (p< 0.05). Non-helmet subjects sustained more injuries as compared to helmeted subjects. The injuries were significantly more in non-helmet motorcyclists Conclusion: The study found that males aged 21-40 were most commonly injured in motorcycle accidents, with motorcycle riders and rideshare businessmen being the largest groups of victims. Midface fractures were the most common facial injury and were significantly associated with helmet use. Protective gear was found to be low among motorcycle riders, particularly passengers, impacting the severity of injuries sustained

Imidazodiazepine Anticonvulsant, KRM-II-81, Produces Novel, Non-diazepam-like Antiseizure Effects

The need for improved medications for the treatment of epilepsy and chronic pain is essential. Epileptic patients typically take multiple antiseizure drugs without complete seizure freedom, and chronic pain is not fully managed with current medications. A positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of α2/3-containing GABAA receptors (5-(8-ethynyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazole[1,5-α][1,4]diazepin-3-yl) oxazole or KRM-II-81 (8) is a lead compound in a series of imidazodiazepines. We previously reported that KRM-II-81 produces broad-based anticonvulsant and antinociceptive efficacy in rodent models and provides a wider margin over motoric side effects than that of other GABAA receptor PAMs. The present series of experiments was designed to fill key missing gaps in prior preclinical studies assessing whether KRM-II-81 could be further differentiated from nonselective GABAA receptor PAMs using the anticonvulsant diazepam (DZP) as a comparator. In multiple chemical seizure provocation models in mice, KRM-II-81 was either equally or more efficacious than DZP. Most strikingly, KRM-II-81 but not DZP blocked the development of seizure sensitivity to the chemoconvulsants cocaine and pentylenetetrazol in seizure kindling models. These and predecessor data have placed KRM-II-81 into consideration for clinical development requiring the manufacture of kilogram amounts of good manufacturing practice material. We describe here a novel synthetic route amenable to kilogram quantity production. The new biological and chemical data provide key steps forward in the development of KRM-II-81 (8) as an improved treatment option for patients suffering from epilepsy

Pore-scale, Computational Fluid Dynamics-based Simulation of Supercritical CO2-brine Flow through Porous Media

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the effective methods to manage CO2 emissions to mitigate global warming and associated environmental changes. This thesis provide insight into this aspects emphasising on investigating the two-phase (brine and scCO2) flow behaviour, and advanced understanding on residual saturation, relative permeability, and capillary trapping capacity under various drainage and imbibition conditions using pore-scale numerical simulations based upon computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

The impact of loss of function mutations of NHEJ genes on gene targeting and DNA DSB repair in human somatic cells.

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. April 2009. Major: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics. Advisor: Eric A Hendrickson, PhD. 1 computer file (PDF); x, 201 pages.Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is the predominant repair pathway for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells. The core NHEJ pathway is composed of seven factors: Ku70, Ku86, DNA-PKcs, Artemis, XRCC4, XLF and LIGIV. Mutation of any one of these NHEJ genes leads either to death, profound immune deficiencies, ionizing radiation sensitivity and/or cancer predisposition in human patients. We attempted to generate Ku70-null human somatic cells using a rAAV-based gene knockout strategy. Our data demonstrated that Ku70 is an essential gene in human somatic cells. More importantly, however, in Ku70+/- cells, the frequency of gene targeting was 5- to 10-fold higher than in wild type cells. RNA interference and short-hairpinned RNA strategies to deplete Ku70 phenocopied these results in wild-type cells and greatly accentuated them in Ku70+/- cell lines. Thus, Ku70 protein levels significantly influenced the frequency of rAAV-mediated gene targeting in human somatic cells. XLF is the newly identified core factor for NHEJ. To characterize XLF function in human cells, we knocked out XLF gene in HCT116 cells. XLF deficient cells are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation and DNA damaging agent, and have intrinsic DNA DSB repair defects. In V(D)J recombination assay, we find that XLF deficient cells have dramatic defect to form both V(D)J coding and signal joints. The phenotypes of XLF deficiency were rescued by a WT XLF cDNA over-expression. We conclude that, in humans, XLF is essential for C-NHEJ mediated repair of DNA-DSBs. Biochemical and genetic studies in mouse and hamster cells showed that DNA ends can also be joined via a backup pathway, especially when proteins responsible for NHEJ, are reduced or absent. In order to get insights in to backup NHEJ mechanism, we employed a reporter system based on the in vivo rejoining of cohesive and incompatible ends. We report here more than 10 to 20 fold reduction in NHEJ proficiency in DNA-PKcs, XLF and LIGIV null human cells, which is characterized by an increase in microhomology use. Strikingly, conditional knock-out of Ku86 did not result in defect in end-joining, while having an impact on repair fidelity

Climate Change and Bangladesh: Geographical and Socio-economic Impacts

Climate change, the effects of greenhouse effect and global warming, is out to alter the global map with its devouring prospects of sending a number of countries under the waves. Unfortunately yet unavoidably, Bangladesh stands at the forefront of climate forays. Its land, water and weather are being severely affected by undesirable climatic changes. Alarmingly, the dangers are to be intensified unless the trend is reversed. However, local initiative will hardly be enough to offset the grave concerns of unintended climatic changes in Bangladesh. The changes will also impact the socio-economic conditions of the country, putting the future of the nation on the line. Some ominous signs are already there for the concerned to respond with required amount of fervour. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v7i0.10439 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 7, 2013; 113-132</p

Intimate Partner Violence and Homelessness among Women: The Role of the YWCA to Rebuild Their Lives

The problem of intimate partner violence is multifaceted and intricate. Women face intimate partner violence due to a lack of control over power and economic resources. Women experience various issues, i.e., economic and sexual coercion, emotional abuse, and so on. In many cases, they faded out of their social circumstances, and they were inefficient at moving forward with their lives. In extreme cases, they become homeless and socially isolated. In that situation, extensive social support is required to bring them back to a normal life. The study aims to explore the role of the YWCA in rebuilding women’s lives who experienced IPV. The study sought to shed light on their systems for addressing intimate violence cases and how they advocate for and support the victims to resume their social lives following traumatic experiences and promote safe housing. The study's findings showed that when women experienced physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, they were often trapped and subjugated by their intimate partners. The women faced restrictions and control over the financial resources and activities that were imposed by their intimate partners. Therefore, due to limited interactions with neighbors and friends, women were also disadvantaged in seeking support from others. Hence, the YWCA plays a noteworthy role for women in mitigating and coping with the traumatic experiences of intimate partner violence and homelessness

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Microbial Studies of Muscle Lipid of Liner Silver Grunter (Pomadasys hasta) of the Bay of Bengal

Abstract. Lipid was extracted from the lipid containing muscle of Liner silver grunter (Pomadasys hasta) by solvent extraction and then purified by standard method. The physico-chemical properties of lipid sample were determined and compared with those of other standard fats and oils. Fatty acid composition of the lipid sample was investigated by Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) examination. Gas Liquid Chromatographic (GLC) examination was performed by the methyl esters mixture prepared from the lipid sample. The de-oiled muscle of the fish was studied for the determination of ash content, fiber content, moisture content and protein content. The lipid containing selected muscle was analyzed quantitatively for the determination of percentages of protein, cholesterol and minerals (N, P, K, Ca, and Na). The lipid containing muscle was also analyzed for the determination of the amount of eleven metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The lipid sample was evaluated by microbial activity (bacterial activity against nine bacteria and fungal activity against seven fungi)

A Statistical Analysis of Positive Excess Mortality at Covid-19 in 2020-2021

When it comes to making assessments about public health, the mortality rate is a very important factor. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated well-known biases that affect the measurement of mortality, which varies with time and place. The COVID-19 pandemic took the world off surveillance, and since the outbreak, it has caused damage that many would have thought unthinkable in the present era. By estimating excess mortality for 2020 and 2021, we provide a thorough and consistent evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic's effects. Excess mortality is a term used in epidemiology and public health to describe the number of fatalities from all causes during a crisis that exceeds what would be expected under 'normal' circumstances. Excess mortality has been used for thousands of years to estimate health emergencies and pandemics like the 1918 "Spanish Flu"6. Positive excess mortality occurs when actual deaths exceed previous data or recognized patterns. It could demonstrate how a pandemic affects the mortality rate. The estimates of positive excess mortality presented in this research are generated using the procedure, data, and methods described in detail in the Methods section and briefly summarized in this study. We explored different regression models in order to find the most effective factor for our estimates. We predict the pandemic period all-cause deaths in locations lacking complete reported data using the Poisson, Negative Binomial count framework. By overdispersion test, we checked the assumption of the Poisson model, and then we chose the negative binomial as a  good fitting model for this analysis through Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Standardized residual plots, after that checking the P-value&lt;0.05; we found some significant predictors from our choosing model Negative binomial model, and the coefficient of all predictors gave the information that some factors have a positive effect, and some has a negative effect at positive excess mortality at COVID-19 (2020-2021)