The Effect of Thermal Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of CdS Thin Films Deposited by Vacuum Evaporation Method

: Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films were grown on glass substrates by the vacuum evaporation technique. The effect of thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of the as deposited samples was analyzed. Structure of these films was characterized by X-ray diffraction . CdS films deposited have polycrystalline structure cubic(zinc blende) and hexagonal (demand) .The grain size increases with increasing annealing temperature. The optical properties of CdS films have highly transmittance in visible region of spectrum and reach to more than 84% . Band gap decreases from 2.55 to 2.33 eV with the increasing annealing temperature from 473K to 623 K.

Effect pH on Structural and Optical Properties of Nanostructure CdS Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique

Nanostructures CdS films were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique on glass substrates, where the cadmium nitrate salt was used as a source of cadmium ions and thiourea (SC(NH2)2) as a source of sulphide ions(S-2). The deposition were carried out at different pH values. Structure of these films was characterized by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope (AFM). CdS films deposited have cubic(zinc blende) structure and the grain size of nanoclusters decreases with increasing pH value in solution. The optical properties study by transmission spectra and the films have highly transmittance in visible region of spectrum and reach to more than 86%. The CdS films have band gap increase from 2.42 to 2.58 eV with increasing pH value in solution

Comparative assessment of PV/Trombe wall performance: Compound influence of paraffin wax and reflective mirrors

Renewable energy, especially solar energy, is one of the more essential sources that provide part of the world's energy needs. Therefore, combining photovoltaic panels and a Trombe wall is one of the more comprehensive research topics. This system is called PVTWS.In this study, the performance of the PVTWS was investigated under Iraqi weather conditions by building an experimental model and studying the effect of cooling methods, reflective mirrors and phase change material. The finding demonstrated showed that the utilization of DC fans and a heat exchanger to cool the solar panel led to a decrease in its temperature and a reduction in energy loss, which increases the efficiency and wattage of the panel. In addition, the use of the phase change material helped cool the solar panel as a result of absorbing heat. It also works to improve the heating of the building during the afternoon, as it works to release heat into the space in which it is located. The use of reflective mirrors helped to increase solar radiation, which led to an increase in electrical energy. The highest electrical and thermal efficiency was recorded when using these different configurations together (10.42% and 78.59%), respectively