SAÚDE PÚBLICA: REGRESSO DO SARAMPO NO BRASIL E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS DENTRO DE UM CONTEXTO VACINAL

Introduction: The spread of measles happens mainly through direct contact with the secretions expelled by the sick person when talking, shooting or sneezing. It is possible to protect yourself against measles through the MMR vaccine, which offers immunity to both this disease and rubella and mumps. This vaccination is part of the National Calendar.  Objective: To analyze vaccination rates between 2010 and 2019, specifying the coverage of the first dose of the MMR vaccine.  Methods: Observational, descriptive and epidemiological study. For a decade (from 2010 to 2019), the coverage of the MMR vaccine will be closely monitored. Results and discussion: Based on the data presented during the study, it was confirmed that there was a significant decline in the proportion of vaccinated people in the Brazilian states from the year 2015 onwards. However, it is important to note that this drop has not yet affected the Southeast Region and has become more intensified in 2017, Venezuela had to deal with an epidemic of the measles virus happening at the same time. It was found that both the intense migratory movement and the economic situation of the country are contributing to the spread of this disease in Brazil. According to the evidence revealed. Conclusion: It was possible to observe vaccination as an effective and safe approach to prevent diseases; therefore, there should be several initiatives aimed at raising public awareness about the risks inherent in the absence of this practice.Introdução: A propagação do sarampo acontece principalmente por meio do contato direto com as secreções expelidas pela pessoa doente ao falar, atirar ou espirrar. É possível se proteger contra o sarampo através da vacina Tríplice Viral, que oferece imunidade tanto para essa doença quanto para rubéola e caxumba. Essa vacinacão faz parte do Calendário Nacional.  Objetivo: Analisar as taxas de vacinação entre 2010 e 2019, especificando a cobertura da primeira dose da vacina MMR.  Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e epidemiológico. Durante uma década (de 2010 a 2019), será acompanhada minuciosamente a cobertura da vacina Tríplice Viral. Resultados e discussão: Com base nos dados apresentados durante o estudo, sobreviveu-se que ocorreu um declínio significativo na proporção de pessoas vacinadas nos estados brasileiros a partir do ano de 2015. No entanto, é importante ressaltar que essa queda não afetou ainda a Região Sudeste e ficou mais Intensificada em no ano de 2017, a Venezuela teve que lidar com uma epidemia do vírus do Sarampo acontecendo ao mesmo tempo. Foi constatado que tanto o intenso movimento migratório como a situação econômica do país estão contribuindo para disseminar essa doença no Brasil. Segundo as evidências reveladas. Conclusão: Foi possível observar a vacinação sendo uma abordagem eficaz e segura para prevenir doenças; por conseguinte, devem existir várias iniciativas destinadas à consciencialização pública sobre os riscos inerentes à ausência dessa prática

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora