Modelling approach for predicting landscape changes in expanding eucalyptus plantations in Brazil

Neste artigo trabalhamos uma metodologia combinada de sensoriamento remoto, modelagem ambiental e ecologia da paisagem para análise dos impactos da expansão do reflorestamento com eucalipto na estrutura da paisagem. O uso combinado dessas técnicas possibilitou a simulação de cenários futuros, utilizando-os não apenas como uma ferramenta de análise, mas, sobretudo, para auxiliar no planejamento. O trabalho teve como área de estudo os municípios da Bacia do Rio Piracicaba e da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Aço, região que abriga importantes indústrias do setor siderúrgico, de papel e celulose em Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados dados da cobertura da terra obtidos a partir de classificações de imagens de satélite (TM/landsat) para os anos de 1985, 2010 e 2013. Em conjunto à cobertura da terra foram exploradas diversas fontes de variáveis estimuladoras e restritivas à mudança para criação de um modelo de cobertura da terra capaz de simular a expansão das áreas de eucalipto considerando um cenário de manutenção da tendência de crescimento observada entre 1985 e 2010. Os resultados do mapeamento mostraram que entre 1985 e 2010 houve aumento de cerca de 12% nas áreas de reflorestamento com Eucalipto, ao passo que as áreas de floresta diminuíram aproximadamente 9% e as de pastagem 3%.This paper combines remote sensing, environmental modeling, and landscape ecology to investigate the impacts of the expansion of eucalyptus reforestation. Using these techniques, a methodology was developed to analyze and predict future land cover and landscape structure trends. The study area was comprised of the river basin municipalities in Rio Piracicaba and the metropolitan region of Vale do Aço (RMVA), a region that is home to large steel, paper, and cellulose industries in Minas Gerais. This major hub of economic development in the state has altered the landscape through deforesting native vegetation and planting eucalyptus trees. Land cover data were taken from satellite image classifications (TM/Landsat) from 1985, 2010 and 2013 in order to study the land cover changes. A number of variables that stimulate or restrict these alterations and the eucalyptus expansion observed between 1985 and 2010 were used to simulate the eucalyptus expansion, through Multi-Layer Perception Neural Networking. The results showed that the areas of Eucalyptus reforestation increased by about 12% between 1985 and 2010, whereas forest areas contracted by approximately 9%, and pasture by 3%. The simulated eucalyptus expansion indicated that by 2035 the structure of the landscape will have changed, with an increased level of isolation of the forest patches and a decrease in their nuclear area.En este artículo trabajamos una metodología combinada de teledetección, modelado ambiental y ecología del paisaje para analizar los impactos de la expansión de la reforestación con eucalipto en la estructura del paisaje. El uso combinado de estas técnicas posibilitó la simulación de escenarios futuros, utilizándolos no sólo como una herramienta de análisis, sino, sobre todo, para auxiliar en la planificación. El trabajo tuvo como área de estudio los municipios de la Cuenca del Río Piracicaba y de la Región Metropolitana del Valle del Acero, región que alberga importantes industrias del sector siderúrgico, de papel y celulosa en Minas Gerais. Se utilizaron datos de la cobertura de la tierra obtenidos a partir de clasificaciones de imágenes satelitales (TM / landsat) para los años 1985, 2010 y 2013. En conjunto con la cobertura de la tierra se exploraron diversas fuentes de variables estimuladoras y restrictivas al cambio a la creación de un modelo de cobertura de la tierra capaz de simular la expansión de las áreas de eucalipto considerando un escenario de mantenimiento de la tendencia de crecimiento observada entre 1985 y 2010. Los resultados del mapeamiento mostraron que entre 1985 y 2010 hubo aumento de cerca del 12% en las áreas de reforestación con Eucalipto, mientras que las áreas de bosque disminuyeron aproximadamente 9% y las de pastoreo 3%

Orthosurgical treatment to obtain facial aesthetics

In the present case report, a 24-year-old male underwent a combined surgical and orthodontic treatment to enhance facial aesthetics. The treatment consisted of the use of an Edgewise fixed appliance (0.022 x 0.028-in), and was complemented by a mini Wing osteotomy. The results of the treatment improved facial contours, defining and elongating the submental area, and eliminating the adipose tissue. Orthodontically, the preservation of the canines and molars Class I relationship, and the maintenance of the compensatory projection of the lower incisors were observed. Satisfactory overbite and overjet were achieved, along with a levelled curve of Spee. The combined treatment modalities led to the achievement of functional occlusion and facial aesthetics.In the present case report, a 24-year-old male underwent a combined surgical and orthodontic treatment to enhance facial aesthetics. The treatment consisted of the use of an Edgewise fixed appliance (0.022 x 0.028-in), and was complemented by a mini Wing osteotomy. The results of the treatment improved facial contours, defining and elongating the submental area, and eliminating the adipose tissue. Orthodontically, the preservation of the canines and molars Class I relationship, and the maintenance of the compensatory projection of the lower incisors were observed. Satisfactory overbite and overjet were achieved, along with a levelled curve of Spee. The combined treatment modalities led to the achievement of functional occlusion and facial aesthetics

Levantamento e avaliação da literatura econômica sobre o BNDES

Projeto executado com o apoio financeiro do Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES), por meio de refinanciamento não reembolsável com recursos do Fundo de Estruturação de Projetos do BNDES (FEP): Pesquisa Científica nº 03/2011 - FEP/BNDES Literatura Econômica.Créditos : Pesquisadores: Anne Hanley, Júlio Manuel Pires, Maurício Jorge Pinto de Souza, Renato Leite Marcondes, Rosane Nunes de Faria, Sérgio Naruhiko SakuraiA nossa pesquisa objetiva realizar uma sistematização e avaliação da literatura econômica produzida a respeito do BNDES desde o seu início. Para tanto, na primeira parte do projeto, a qual se refere esse relatório, realizamos uma revisão dos argumentos teóricos para a atuação de um banco de desenvolvimento, bem como, uma discussão da perspectiva histórica associada à criação e evolução dos bancos de desenvolvimento, em especial do BNDES. Nas próximas etapas da pesquisa, tal arcabouço teórico e histórico possibilitará avaliar não apenas o conjunto da produção por meio de uma análise bibliométrica, mas também os argumentos e evidências utilizados nos trabalhos acadêmicos de maior impacto que analisam o papel do BNDES

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

The Brazilian Registry of Adult Patient Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery, the BYPASS Project: Results of the First 1,722 Patients

Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systemsand 7.3% from private (out-of-pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Caridade Sao Vicente Paulo, Jundiai, SP, BrazilInst Med Integral Prof Fernando Figueira IMIP, Recife, PE, BrazilHosp Base FUNFARME & FAMERP, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIMC, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIrmandade Santa Casa Sao Paulo INCT HPV, Fac Ciencias Med Santa Casa Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFundacao Univ Cardiol, Inst Cardiol Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Coracao Natal, Natal, RN, BrazilInst Cardiol Dist Fed, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao HU UFMA, Univ Hosp, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilHosp Evangelico, Cachoeiro De Itapemirim, ES, BrazilHosp Coracao Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, BrazilHosp Nossa Senhora Salete, Inst Cirurgia Cardiovasc ICCV, Cascavel, PR, BrazilHosp Wilson Rosado, Mossoro, RN, BrazilHosp Bosque Saude, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilHosp Coracao HCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Coracao IP HCor, Ins Pesquisa, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInst Coracao InCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Determinants of intensive insulin therapeutic regimens in patients with type 1 diabetes: data from a nationwide multicenter survey in Brazil

Background: To evaluate the determinants of intensive insulin regimens (ITs) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Methods: This multicenter study was conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities. Data were obtained from 3,591 patients (56.0% female, 57.1% Caucasian). Insulin regimens were classified as follows: group 1, conventional therapy (CT) (intermediate human insulin, one to two injections daily); group 2 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate plus regular human insulin); group 3 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate human insulin plus short-acting insulin analogues); group 4, basal-bolus (one or two insulin injections of long-acting plus short-acting insulin analogues or regular insulin); and group 5, basal-bolus with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Groups 2 to 5 were considered IT groups.Results: We obtained complete data from 2,961 patients. Combined intermediate plus regular human insulin was the most used therapeutic regimen. CSII was used by 37 (1.2%) patients and IT by 2,669 (90.2%) patients. More patients on IT performed self-monitoring of blood glucose and were treated at the tertiary care level compared to CT patients (p < 0.001). the majority of patients from all groups had HbA1c levels above the target. Overweight or obesity was not associated with insulin regimen. Logistic regression analysis showed that economic status, age, ethnicity, and level of care were associated with IT (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Given the prevalence of intensive treatment for T1D in Brazil, more effective therapeutic strategies are needed for long term-health benefits.Farmanguinhos/Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz/National Health MinistryBrazilian Diabetes SocietyFundacao do Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Unit Diabet, BR-20551030 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBaurus Diabet Assoc, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Hosp Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilHosp Geral de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho IPPMG, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilFac Ciencias Med Santa Casa São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Crianca, Hosp Clin, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Hosp Clin, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilAmbulatorio Fac Estadual Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilClin Endocrinol Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Londrina, Londrina, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Crianca Com Diabet Rio Grande Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, RS, BrazilGrp Hosp Conceicao, Inst Crianca Com Diabet, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilInst Diabet Endocrinol Joinville, Joinville, BrazilHosp Reg Taguatinga, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Geral Goiania, Goiania, Go, BrazilCtr Diabet & Endocrinol Estado Bahia, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, BrazilCtr Integrado Diabet & Hipertensao Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, BrazilHosp Univ Alcides Carneiro, Campina Grande, BrazilHosp Univ Joao de Barros Barreto, Belem, Para, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilWeb of Scienc