Determinants of remittances in rural Bangladesh:An econometric analysis of the educational attainments of the households

Educational attainment of the household member is one of the micro-economic determinant of remittances remains an unclear in terms of level of education. This paper analyse household microeconomic survey data. Employ three stages multivariate analysis carry out two regressions equations on 300 rural households. The empirical findings provide that the education is not significant determinant remittances while unit analysis shows that the significance relationship depends on the level of education of the migrant and the household head. Such level of education is also move with the cycle of socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the migrant, household head and household composition

Determinants of Regional Rural Urban Migration in Bangladesh: A Model Test on Marginal Segment in Rajshahi City

This paper examines the factors of regional rural-urban migration in Bangladesh. Key objective of this article is to examine the results of the first phase, i.e, the findings of the 2006 survey, compare with the recent outcomes. The econometric model is developed to observe the association between dependent and the exploratory determinants variables. It is found that the underlying cause of migration is mainly driven by economic and social factors ie, monga, poverty, unemployment, kinship, migrant economic development at the origin, default of loan and changing hereditarily businesses. In the migration process the push factors are more active then pull factors, as poverty and unemployment always push the poor villagers to change their residence to the cities. After migration majority of the migrants comparatively improved their livelihoods in the city during the period of last ten years. Although poor migrants have contributed significantly to the economic growth and gained from higher wages in higher productivity areas, they remain socially and economically excluded from the wider benefits of economic growth such as access to food and education, housing, sanitation and freedom. The study results highlight the need to target migrant groups and urban poor within urban areas in the provision of availability of work and social care services

Digital Financial Inclusion and Remittances: An Empirical Study on Bangladeshi Migrant Households

Globally, large numbers of adults remain unbanked, and most of them live in rural areas of the Third World. The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has shown us how inequalities in accessing financial services continue to affect us. However, digital financial inclusion has emerged as an effective tool used to tackle socioeconomic ills and drive economic development. In fact, due to these modern technological developments, the number of studies in this area is very limited, especially in the context of developing economies. This study examines the impacts of migrant remittances on digital financial inclusion within households in Bangladesh by using the Migration and Remittance Household Survey. To meet the research objectives of this study, a household survey was conducted and 2165 households interviewed in 2022–2023 in Bangladesh. The survey data collected was tested using univariate and multivariate estimations. This study finds that the coefficient of remittance has positive relationships with the probability of e-bank accounts and the use of mobile banking for a household’s financial transactions. However, the use of ATM cards by households for financial transactions has not been significantly affected. The article concludes that remittance flows may enhance access to and use of means of digital financial inclusion by reducing some of the barriers and costs in Bangladesh, which could greatly contribute to the country’s economic growth by creating and increasing a strong fund for investment. The findings of this study can help in taking various steps to facilitate the most powerful financial sector of Bangladesh, namely, remittance management

An arithmetic analysis of Bangladeshi sending migrants stock and remittance per capita in Malaysia

Unskilled and short-term labour migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia has long historical phenomenon which has been contributing both countries micro and macro economy in terms of remittances (Bangladesh) and shortage of 3D labour (Malaysia). This paper objective is to describe migration process, pattern and policies as a sending country (Bangladesh) and receiving country (Malaysia) between developing-developing nations. This study uses cross data from official sources of Bangladesh, Malaysia and also World Bank migration and remittances database. The arithmetic analysis indicates that there is no significance relationship between migration stock and remittance per capita (migrant in Malaysia). The descriptive statistics show that the cumulative and documented migrant stock has been decreasing while volume and per capita remittance has been increasing during the period. The most exciting results provide that the per capita remittance increased during 10 years 5,154.36% based on cumulative sending migrant stock from Bangladesh. Furthermore, the unbelievable results provide that the per capita remittance increase since 2005 to 2014 over 10 years 11,636.10% based on documented migrant stock. On the other hand documented migrant stock increased only 21.78%. Thus the study suggest depth investigation between the countries actual migrant stock (documented and undocumented) and remittance (formal or informal) and to develop better framework to recruit international labour in Malaysia (high deficiency of general labour) especially for Bangladesh (high labour surplus)

Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine: A Global Cross-Sectional Study

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, with the United States being highly affected. A vaccine provides the best hope for a permanent solution to controlling the pandemic. Several coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines are currently in human trials. However, to be effective, a vaccine must be accepted and used by a large majority of the population. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors in addition to the attitudes towards these vaccines among public. This study did an online survey during the period June-September 2020, were collected from 26,852 individuals aged 19 years or older across six continents as part of 60 nationally representative surveys to determine potential acceptance rates and factors influencing acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Results revealed that two-thirds of respondents were at least moderately worried about a widespread COVID-19 outbreak. Differences in acceptance rates ranged from almost 93% (in Tonga) to less than 43% (in Egypt). Respondents reporting higher levels of trust in information from government sources were more likely to accept a vaccine and take their employer’s advice to do so. Systematic interventions are required by public health authorities to reduce the levels of vaccines’ hesitancy and improve their acceptance. These results and specifically the low rate of acceptability is alarming to public health authorities and should stir further studies on the root causes and the need of awareness campaigns. These interventions should take the form of reviving the trust in national health authorities and structured awareness campaigns that offer transparent information about the safety and efficacy of the vaccines and the technology that was utilized in their production

Rural Household Contribution to the Financial and Capital Market in Bangladesh: A Micro Level Study of Remittances from Italy

The present study investigates the investment variation of remittance determinants in rural area at the origin. Using micro-economic data from a survey conducted in 2013, multivariate analysis was carried out on 300 rural households. The empirical results show that the significance level and determinants vary from the investment in financial sector and specially investment in share market. Investment in financial sectors is strongly significance with the household remittances, educational level of migrants and household heads, household head relation to migrant and income of the household. On the other hand, investment in share market is highly significant with the duration of migration, marital status and employment status of the household head; and religion and income of the household

The new fiscal sociology: a study of universal self-Assessment taxpayers in Bangladesh

Economists and sociologists recognize taxation as an important element of the life of individuals. As the tax system and policies of each country reflect the characteristics of the country's social, political, cultural and economic structure, tax systems differ according to the characteristics of the structure of the society. The study is aimed to investigate the ethical, moral, religious, gender, educational and cultural background considerations on individual voluntary tax compliance whose main income is from business, salaries and other sources. This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. The survey was conducted on 385 respondents’ individual taxpayers within the capital city of Dhaka in 2020. Necessary statistical tests including multiple regression analysis were used in this study. Findings show that ethicality and educational background have a direct significant effect on the individual tax compliance among the taxpayers whose main income is from business, salaries and other sources. However, gender, religious, morality and cultural background do not have significant effect in this relationship. It is believed this study will significantly contribute to the body of knowledge in the areas of voluntary tax compliance

Legal status, remittances and socio-economic impacts on rural household in Bangladesh: An empirical study of Bangladeshi migrants in Italy.

This paper presents an overview of legal framework of EU governing residence permits, employment pass and access to integration, describing the most frequent migration pathways employed by Bangladeshis in Italy. It discusses their migration trajectories, socio-demographic profile, the importance of remittances to Bangladesh, and the impact that Italian migration policy has had upon this group, as well as other non-EU nationals more generally. In this paper rural household micro quantitative data have been collected from Bangladesh to explore the relationship between legal status, remittance and socioeconomic impact at the left behind household members. Using univariate and multivariate model, investigate the factors determining of remittance inflows and their socioeconomic impact at their left behind rural household members. The empirical results suggest that there is economic variation between the documented and undocumented Bangladeshi migrants in Italy. While international migration is unlikely to provide a secure route out of positive socio-economic impact at their household for many Bangladeshis within a restrictive immigration environment, as they become trapped in more vulnerable and less sustainable migration processes. It concludes with a discussion of the sociocultural integration of the Bangladeshi migrants in Italy and their future integration opportunities to other EU nations

An arithmetic analysis of Bangladeshi sending migrants stock and remittance per capita in Malaysia

Unskilled and short-term labour migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia has long historical phenomenon which has been contributing both countries micro and macro economy in terms of remittances (Bangladesh) and shortage of 3D labour (Malaysia). This paper objective is to describe migration process, pattern and policies as a sending country (Bangladesh) and receiving country (Malaysia) between developing-developing nations. This study uses cross data from official sources of Bangladesh, Malaysia and also World Bank migration and remittances database. The arithmetic analysis indicates that there is no significance relationship between migration stock and remittance per capita (migrant in Malaysia). The descriptive statistics show that the cumulative and documented migrant stock has been decreasing while volume and per capita remittance has been increasing during the period. The most exciting results provide that the per capita remittance increased during 10 years 5,154.36% based on cumulative sending migrant stock from Bangladesh. Furthermore, the unbelievable results provide that the per capita remittance increase since 2005 to 2014 over 10 years 11,636.10% based on documented migrant stock. On the other hand documented migrant stock increased only 21.78%. Thus the study suggest depth investigation between the countries actual migrant stock (documented and undocumented) and remittance (formal or informal) and to develop better framework to recruit international labour in Malaysia (high deficiency of general labour) especially for Bangladesh (high labour surplus)

Legal status, remittances and socio-economic impacts on rural household in Bangladesh: An empirical study of Bangladeshi migrants in Italy.

This paper presents an overview of legal framework of EU governing residence permits, employment pass and access to integration, describing the most frequent migration pathways employed by Bangladeshis in Italy. It discusses their migration trajectories, socio-demographic profile, the importance of remittances to Bangladesh, and the impact that Italian migration policy has had upon this group, as well as other non-EU nationals more generally. In this paper rural household micro quantitative data have been collected from Bangladesh to explore the relationship between legal status, remittance and socioeconomic impact at the left behind household members. Using univariate and multivariate model, investigate the factors determining of remittance inflows and their socioeconomic impact at their left behind rural household members. The empirical results suggest that there is economic variation between the documented and undocumented Bangladeshi migrants in Italy. While international migration is unlikely to provide a secure route out of positive socio-economic impact at their household for many Bangladeshis within a restrictive immigration environment, as they become trapped in more vulnerable and less sustainable migration processes. It concludes with a discussion of the sociocultural integration of the Bangladeshi migrants in Italy and their future integration opportunities to other EU nations