9 research outputs found
The Post-Eocene Evolution of the Doruneh Fault Region (Central Iran): The Intraplate Response to the Reorganization of the Arabia-Eurasia Collision Zone
The Cenozoic deformation history of Central Iran has been dominantly accommodated by the activation of major intracontinental strike-slip fault zones, developed in the hinterland domain of the Arabia-Eurasia convergent margin. Few quantitative temporal and kinematic constraints are available from these strike-slip deformation zones, hampering a full assessment of the style and timing of intraplate deformation in Iran and the understanding of the possible linkage to the tectonic reorganization of the Zagros collisional zone. This study focuses on the region to the north of the active trace of the sinistral Doruneh Fault. By combing structural and low-temperature apatite fission track (AFT) and (U-Th)/He (AHe) thermochronology investigations, we provide new kinematic and temporal constraints to the deformation history of Central Iran. Our results document a post-Eocene polyphase tectonic evolution dominated by dextral strike-slip tectonics, whose activity is constrained since the early Miocene in response to an early, NW-SE oriented paleo-Ï1 direction. A major phase of enhanced cooling/exhumation is constrained at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, caused by a switch of the maximum paleo-Ï1 direction to N-S. When integrated into the regional scenario, these data are framed into a new tectonic reconstruction for the Miocene-Quaternary time lapse, where strike-slip deformation in the intracontinental domain of Central Iran is interpreted as guided by the reorganization of the Zagros collisional zone in the transition from an immature to a mature stage of continental collision
Herstellung von UHFB mit verschiedenen Zementsorten
Ultrahochfester Beton (UHFB) ist eine Betonsorte, die sich durch eine sehr hohe Dichtigkeit und Festigkeit auszeichnet. Die wesentliche Unterscheidung zu Normalbetonen ist eine Druckfestigkeit von ĂŒber 150 N/mmÂČ, sowie ein w/z-Wert < 0,25. Der wichtigste Bestandteil von Beton ist die Zementsteinmatrix, welche im Wesentlichen aus dem Bindemittel Zement und Wasser hergestellt wird. Der Zementleim umhĂŒllt die ZuschlĂ€ge wie z.B. natĂŒrliche Gesteinskörnungen und verklebt diese miteinander. Die Kornzusammensetzung des Feinstkorns beeinflusst die Festigkeit der Zementsteinmatrix wesentlich. Es muss granulometrisch so zusammengesetzt sein, dass eine möglichst dichte Kornpackung entsteht. Die hohe Festigkeit des UHFB wird in erster Linie dadurch erreicht, dass die PorositĂ€t des Zementsteins gesenkt und der Anteil an Feinstkorn im Zementstein erhöht werden. Das heisst, dass Je dichter und porenfreier die Zementsteinmatrix ist, desto dichter, fester und anschlieĂend bestĂ€ndiger wird der Beton. Weitere MaĂnahme zur Optimierung der Eigenschaften von UHFB ist spezielle WĂ€rmenachbehandlungen. Die Druckfestigkeit wĂ€rmebehandelter Proben aus sonst gleichem Beton ist generell deutlich höher als bei Normalluftlagerung. Neben einer sorgfĂ€ltigen Auswahl der WĂ€rmenachbehandlungen und besonderes Zusammensetzung hat dabei auch der Zementsort einen groĂen Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften von UHFB. Ăber den Zement selbst, dessen Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften von UHFB im Zusammenwirken mit unterschiedlichen WĂ€rmenachbehandlungsmethoden, sowie dem Einsatz von verschiedene Zementsorte liegen erst wenige Untersuchungen vor, woraus sich die Motivation fĂŒr diese Arbeit ableiten lĂ€sst. In umfangreichen Versuchsreihen wurden daher als wesentliche Parameter des Betons, sowie Art des Zementes variiert und die Auswirkungen auf die Frisch- und Festbetoneigenschaften untersucht. Die EinflĂŒsse des Zementes auf die Eigenschaften von UHPC in Kombination mit unterschiedlichen WĂ€rmenachbehandlungsmethoden konnten durch Untersuchungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften des Betons charakterisiert werden. Dabei wurden neben der Biege- und Druckfestigkeit auch der Frischbeton KenngröĂen, sowie Rohdichte, Luftgehalt im Beton und Trichterauslaufzeit und AusbreitmaĂes des Betons untersucht.Ultra-high-performance concrete is a new type of concrete that is being developed by agencies concerned with infrastructure protection. UHPC is characterized by being cement composite material with compressive strengths in excess of 150 MPa, up to and possibly exceeding 250 MPa. UHPC is also characterized by its constituent material make-up: typically fine-grained sand, silica fume, small steel fibers, and special blends of high-strength Portland cement. Note that there is no large aggregate. The current types in production (Ductal, Taktl, etc.) differ from normal concrete in compression by their strain hardening, followed by sudden brittle failure. Ongoing research into UHPC failure via tensile and shear failure is being conducted by multiple government agencies and universities around the world. In addition to a careful selection of heat post-treatments and special composition, the cement site also has a major influence on the properties of UHFB. Only a few studies have been carried out on the cement itself, its influence on the properties of UHFB in combination with different heat aftertreatment methods, as well as the use of different cement types, from which the motivation for this work can be derived. Extensive series of experiments have therefore varied the essential parameters of the concrete, as well as the type of cement, and examined the effects on the fresh and hardened concrete properties. The influence of the cement on the properties of UHPC in combination with different heat aftertreatment methods could be characterized by investigations of the mechanical properties of the concrete. In addition to the bending and compressive strength, the fresh concrete parameters, as well as the raw density, air content in the concrete and hopper discharge time and slump of the concrete were investigated.13
Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Dialkyl Malo-nates Enabling the Construction of Enantioenriched All-Carbon Quaternary Centers
ABSTRACT: An enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of malonates with trisubstituted allylic electro-philes to form all-carbon quaternary stereocenters is reported. This cross-coupling reaction features unprecedented reactivity at ambient temperature, particularly for challenging fully alkyl-substituted allylic electrophiles, and ena-bles the preparation of a wide range of enantioenriched products in up to 93% yield and 97% ee. The products of this transformation can be readily converted to a number of valuable building blocks including vicinal quaternary stereodiads and ÎČ-quaternary acids. This method was also used to prepare an enantioenriched intermediate facilitat-ing the asymmetric formal synthesis of the sporochnol family of natural products
Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Vulnerable Wild Small Ruminants, Iran, 2014â2016
In 2014â2016, >1,000 wild goats and sheep in 4 northern and central provinces of Iran died from peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection. Partial nucleoprotein sequencing of PPRV from 3 animals showed a close relationship to lineage 4 strains from China. Control measures are needed to preserve vulnerable ruminant populations