THE QUALITY OF HYDROGENATED OILS (BANASPATI GHEE) MANUFACTURED IN PAKISTAN

In order to assess the quality of different brands of hydrogenated oils the nickel and vitamin A contents, and the chemical constants of these oils were determined and compared with those of refined corn oil and butter fat. It was observed that the nickel and vitamin A contents of ten important brands of banaspati ghee manufactured in Pakistan varied from 18 to 105 and 3825 to 5482 IU per 100 g of the oil, respectively. Refined corn oil and butter fat contained no nickel, and appreciable amount of vitamin A, The physical and chemical constants of the oils indicate that corn oil contained unsaturated fatty acids in higher proportions as compared to hydrogenated oil and butter fat. The higher saponification, Reichert-Meissl and Polenske values of butter fat show that it contained higher amounts of low molecular weight, volatile fatty acids. The use of refined vegetable oil is recommended to maintain human health

EXTRACTION STUDIES ON MALONIC ACID

Extraction studies on malonic acid from its aqueous solutions have been made by various solvents at 25 ±1°C. Both aromatic and aliphatic solvents have been investigated. A comparison with reference to the extraction efficiency has been made in terms of the dipole moments of the solvents. In general aliphatic solvents have been found more suitable than the aromatic solvents