A course in citizenship /

"A practical working outline for teachers... The Federal Bureau of Education printed in Bulletin no. 8, 1912, an early form of the outline."--Pref."Authorized by the Massachusetts Branch of the American School Peace League."Introduction, by W.H. Taft.--To the teacher, by E.L. Cabot.--Grade I. Home, by Mary McSkimmon.--Grade II. School and playground, by Mary McSkimmon.--Grade III. The neighborhood, by Ella L. Cabot.--Grade IV. Town and city, by Mabel Hill.--Grade V. The nation, by Ella L. Cabot.--Grade VI. American ideals, by Fanny E. Coe.--Grade VII. The United States and the world, by Fannie F. Andrews.--Grade VIII. The world family, by Fannie F. Andrews.Mode of access: Internet

A course in citizenship and patriotism,

Contains bibliographies.Introduction, by W. H. Taft. To the teacher, by Ella L. Cabot.--grade I. Home, by Mary McSkimmon.--grade II. School and playground, by Mary McSkimmon.--grade III. The neighborhood, by Ella L. Cabot.--grade IV. Town and city, by Mabel Hill.--grade V. The nation, by Ella L. Cabot.--American ideals, by Fanny E. Coe.--grade VII. The United States and the world, by Fannie F. Andrews.--grade VIII. The world family, by Fannie F. Andrews.Mode of access: Internet

Deep-Sea Benthic Faunal Impacts and Community Evolution Before, During, and After the Deepwater Horizon Event

Oil from the Deepwater Horizon blowout reached the seafloor through deep-sea plumes and sedimentation of oil and oiled marine snow. This oil caused extensive damage over wide areas to both hard-bottom and soft-bottom communities. The most sensitive bioindicators were deep-sea planar octocorals for hard-bottoms and macrofauna and meiofauna diversity and taxa richness for soft-bottoms. Both hard-bottom and soft-bottom communities are very vulnerable to deep-sea oil spills. Deep-sea corals grow slowly and thus have extremely slow recovery rates. Four years after the spill, there was no recovery of the lost biodiversity of the macrofauna and meiofauna. Future research should be focused toward recovery and restoration. For hard-bottoms this could take the form of restoration projects. For soft-bottoms the restoration strategy could be “restoration in place” because fresh sediments, which fall to the seafloor continuously, can cap the contaminated sediments over time. Both strategies require monitoring to ensure desired outcomes are achieved