Effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide assisted with two modification methods on the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of bagasse insoluble dietary fiber

Bagasse is one of major by-product of sugar mills, but its utilization is limited by the high concentration of lignin. In this study, the optimal alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment conditions were determined by the response surface optimization method. The results showed that the lignin removal rate was 62.23% and the solid recovery rate was 53.76% when bagasse was prepared under optimal conditions (1.2% H2O2, 0.9% NaOH, and 46°C for 12.3 h), while higher purity of bagasse insoluble dietary fiber (BIDF) was obtained. To further investigate the modification effect, AHP assisted with high-temperature-pressure cooking (A–H) and enzymatic hydrolysis (A–E) were used to modify bagasse, respectively. The results showed that the water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), bile salt adsorption capacity (BSAC), and nitrite ion adsorption capacity (NIAC) were significantly improved after A-H treatment. With the A–E treatment, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and BSAC were significantly increased, while WHC, OHC, and glucose adsorption capacity (GAC) were decreased. Especially, the highest WHC, OHC, BSAC and NIAC were gained by A–H treatment compared to the A–E treatment. These changes in the physicochemical and functional properties of bagasse fiber were in agreement with the microscopic surface wrinkles and pore structure, crystallinity and functional groups. In summary, the A–H modification can effectively improve the functional properties of bagasse fiber, which potentially can be applied further in the food industry.</p

Effective Adsorption of Colorants from Sugarcane Juice by Bagasse-Based Biochar-Hydroxyapatite Composite

The clarification of sugarcane juice is a crucial stage in the sugar manufacturing process, as it affects evaporator performance, sugar quality and yield. The emergence of environmentally friendly and efficient adsorption technology has resulted in widespread interest in carbon-based materials. However, their low adsorption capacity and reusability make them unsuitable for processing sugarcane juice. Here, we provide a cost-effective and sustainable method to dope hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles on porous carbon (BBC) derived from sugarcane bagasse (BBC-HAP). The composite shows excellent adsorption capacity for color extract from sugarcane juice of 313.33 mg/g, far more effective than the commercially available carbon-based adsorbents. Isotherm studies show that the adsorption of BBC-HAP composite to the colorants is a monolayer process. The pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models demonstrate that the adsorption process is dominated by chemisorption and supplemented by physical adsorption

Acidity rectified aggregation behaviour of colloids in sugarcane juice

During processing and low-temperature storage, pH change affects the stability of sugarcane juice. This study investigated the colloidal stability and aggregation mechanisms of membrane-filtered sugarcane juice at the pH range of 2.5–9.5. The mechanisms of aggregate formation were speculated based on the compositional variations in sugarcane juice at different pH. When pH was lower than 6.03, aggregation was driven by the electrostatic effect, wherein proteins, polysaccharides and phenolic compounds interact, hence increase the average particle size and turbidity. The absolute value of the zeta potential of the juice was decreased and found an isoelectric point at the pH range of 3.0–3.5. However, under alkaline conditions, calcium phosphate mesh flocs, which are the dominant components of the aggregate, attract colloidal impurities in the juice, eventually resulting in a sharp increase in turbidity and the rapid formation of enormous precipitates, further increasing particle size. This work provides new clues to control aggregation issues commonly encountered by the sugarcane beverage industry

Facile ultrasonic-assisted one-step preparation of sugarcane bagasse carbon sorbent for bio-based odor removal cat litter formulation

To reduce the cost of adsorbents for the removal of cat urine odor there has been concerted research efforts to produce functionalized porous carbon from waste biomass. In this work, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method was used to prepare a carbon adsorbent (AC-SNP) from sugarcane bagasse through ultrasonic-assisted impregnation of mixed HNO3/H3PO4 on bagasse prior to carbonization. Ultrasonication enhanced structural deformation of bagasse and enriched the N and O-containing groups prior to cabonization which allowed the final carbon material to have increased specific surface area of 1603.1 m2/g and porosity of 1.3858 cm3·g−1 (including micro- and meso-pores), and increased surface functionality of -COOH, -OH, pyrrolic N, and pyridinic N groups. The adsorption capacity of the carbon material for 3-mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol (MMB), a volatile cat urine component, was up to 207.12 mg/g at 25 °C, and the heterogenous multi-layer Freundlich model and Pseudo-second-order model were used to explain the adsorption mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that there are electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the O- and N-containing groups and MMB molecules. AC-SNP was found to be nontoxic in a cat litter formulation, and removes 99.87% volatile MMB at a low loading ratio of 2 wt%. The fabricated sugarcane bagasse-based cat litter (SB_CL) formulation also has anti-bacterial properties, and so has significant commercialization prospects

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Combined with Sous-Vide Treatment on the Quality of Largemouth Bass during Storage

In order to estimate the effects of high hydrostatic pressure treatment at 400 MPa for 0 min and 10 min (HHP-0, HHP-10) and high hydrostatic pressure in combination with sous-vide treatment (HHP-0+SV, HHP-10+SV) on the quality of largemouth bass stored at 4 &deg;C for 30 days, the physicochemical changes were evaluated by microbiological determinations, pH, sensory evaluation and texture analysis, and the flavour changes were analysed by solid-phase microextraction&ndash;gas chromatography&ndash;mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) and amino acid automatic analyser. The results show that HHP-0+SV and HHP-10+SV treatment effectively inhibited microbiological growth and attenuated physiochemical changes (pH, sensory evaluation, flesh and texture) of largemouth bass fillets. HHP+SV treatment prolonged the storage period of largemouth bass fillets for 24 days. The content of total free amino acids in control (CK) samples was high, but HHP+SV treatment caused the loss of free amino acid content. Especially when stored for 30 days, the total free amino acid content of HHP-0+SV and HHP-10+SV was only 14.67 mg/100 g and 18.98 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition, a total of 43 volatile compounds were detected and elucidated, among which hexanal, heptaldehyde, octanal and nonanal showed a decreasing tendency in HHP groups and an increasing trend in HHP+SV groups throughout the storage

Precision gas therapy by ultrasound‐triggered for anticancer therapeutics

Abstract In recent years, ultrasound, as an external stimuli that can activate different types of naonocatalysts for therapy, has attracted extensive attention. One characteristic that makes ultrasound a particularly attractive trigger stimulus for nanomedicine is that it can be applied to the deep regions of the body noninvasively in a focused way. Different biological effects can be achieved by integrating ultrasound with nanocatalysts, and nanodroplets. Gas therapy, as a green antitumor treatment, has attracted substantial attention. The development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine has made gas therapy more precious by controlled release under internal, and outside factors and targeted delivery. In this article, an overview of ultrasound‐based gas therapy on antitumor therapy has been provided. First, we explored the mechanism of ultrasound‐triggered gas release. Second, we list the common gas release pathways and their mechanism in response to ultrasound activity. Third, exemplary instances of gas‐generating facilities under ultrasound controllable are explored, with an emphasis on their originality and guiding principles. The impact of the gas‐generating platform as a tumor therapy has also been considered. Finally, the difficulties and future prospects for this effective therapeutic approach are examined

Sugar Product Diversification and Its Opportunities in China

China is the third largest sugar producer in the world. However, the sugar industry is challenged by high production costs (attributed to the high cane supply price), which lead to continuous financial deficits for sugar companies. Currently, sugarcane products are primarily composed of white sugar and non-centrifugal sugar (NCS); the utilization of sugarcane by-products (i.e. bagasse, filter mud, and molasses) has also been partially industrialized. However, these strategies are far from adequate to address the challenge. China has successfully developed an innovative sugar manufacturing process using nano-ceramic membrane technology to overcome this predicament. In addition, concepts of high-value diversification of sugarcane products and value-added utilization of industrial byproducts have been proposed. A series of sugarcane-based products, e.g. NCS produced by nano-ceramic membrane technology (MNCS), sugarcane-based beverages, plant water, and cultivation substrates, have been developed to improve the overall return of sugar enterprises. Thus, this paper mainly summarizes the diversification of sugarcane products and their development opportunities in China

Effect of different process parameters and ultrasonic treatment during solid osmotic dehydration of jasmine for extraction of flavoured syrup on the mass transfer kinetics and quality attributes

This study investigates the effects of different process parameters (sugar dose, sugar size, and ultrasonic treatment time) on the solid osmotic dehydration (SOD) process of jasmine flowers and the physiochemical characteristics of syrup. The kinetics of moisture loss, solute gain, and effective diffusivity during SOD were predicted by fitting the experimental data with the Azuara model, Weibull model, and Fick second law model. The results showed that the high regression coefficient (R2 > 0.9) and low χ2 value represented the suitability of the Azuara model for predicting equilibrium water loss and solid gain and the Weibull model for predicting both moisture and solute fraction in jasmine under different process parameters during SOD. A relatively high sugar dose (120% w/w, fresh jasmine flower basis) and moderate sugar size (6–20 mesh) enhanced the moisture loss and solute uptake during SOD and produced more syrup. Furthermore, the high sugar dose (120% w/w) and small sugar size (40 mesh) enhanced the diffusion of polyphenols and flavonoids in jasmine to syrup. The mass transfer rate and syrup yield were increased, and more polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant components were diffused to the syrup after applying the ultrasonic waves during SOD. Most flavour compounds of jasmine were effectively extracted by SOD under different process parameters, and alcohols (more than 68%) are the main flavour components of syrups, but the amount of major volatile compounds extracted was not affected by SOD process parameters.</p

Clarification of Limed Sugarcane Juice by Stainless Steel Membranes and Membrane Fouling Analysis

The performance of stainless steel membranes with pore sizes of 100 and 20 nm in clarifying limed sugarcane juice was investigated under different operating conditions. An increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP) for the 20 nm membrane from 2 to 5 bar led to an increase in the average flux from 146.6 Lm&minus;2 h&minus;1 to 187.8 Lm&minus;2 h&minus;1 (approximately 9 h). The increase in crossflow velocity from 2 to 5 m/s led to an increase in the average flux from 111.9 Lm&minus;2 h&minus;1 to 158.1 Lm&minus;2 h&minus;1. The increase in temperature from 70 &deg;C to 90 &deg;C caused an increase in the average flux from 132.8 Lm&minus;2 h&minus;1 to 148.6 Lm&minus;2 h&minus;1. Simultaneously, the test produced a high-quality filtered juice with an average of 1.26 units of purity rise. The purity increased with time, and a 99.99% reduction in turbidity and an average 29.3% reduction in colour were observed. In addition, four classic filtration mathematical models and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses suggested that cake formation is the main mechanism for flux decline. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry indicated that organic fouling is the main foulant. This study demonstrates the potential of stainless steel membranes as filters for the clarification of raw sugarcane juice