Quasi-B-mode generated by high-frequency gravitational waves and corresponding perturbative photon fluxes

Interaction of very low-frequency primordial(relic) gravitational waves(GWs) to cosmic microwave background(CMB) can generate B-mode polarization. Here, for the first time we point out that the electromagnetic(EM) response to high-frequency GWs(HFGWs) would produce quasi-B-mode distribution of the perturbative photon fluxes, and study the duality and high complementarity between such two B-modes. Based on this quasi-B-mode in HFGWs, it is shown that the distinguishing and observing of HFGWs from the braneworld would be quite possible due to their large amplitude, higher frequency and very different physical behaviors between the perturbative photon fluxes and background photons, and the measurement of relic HFGWs may also be possible though face to enormous challenge.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, research articl

Novel mechanism of Col10a1 nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a conserved surveillance mechanism that selectively targets mRNA transcripts carrying premature termination codons (PTCs) for rapid degradation in all studied eukaryotes. Mutations that introduce PTCs account for approximately one-third of all inherited genetic disorders, highlighting the importance of NMD in the molecular pathology of many diseases.The experimental findings presented in this thesis demonstrate that the mechanism of Col10a1 NMD is different to previously described NMD pathways and could represent a failsafe NMD mechanism used by genes that have similar gene structures to COL10A1, which would escape the canonical NMD pathway. <br /

Trust, Perceived Benefit, and Purchase Intention in C2C E-Commerce: An Empirical Examination in China

It is a class research question about how trust and perceived benefit affect consumers\u27 purchase intentions. This research examines the relationship in a very different context: consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce in China. Specifically, this research empirically assesses the differences in effect size due to the change of context. First, a theoretical model linking trust, perceived benefit, and their antecedents to purchase intention is developed upon the literature. Then the model is evaluated using empirical data collected at Taobao, the largest C2C e-commerce website in China. Partial least squares based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results strongly support the model and research hypotheses. A developing country context can indeed affect the strength of effect. These results contribute to the literature in that they provide new insights toward a more in-depth theoretical understanding. Meanwhile, they can also provide useful guidance for managers

Experimental demonstrations of high-Q superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators

We designed and successfully fabricated an absorption-type of superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators. The resonators are made from a Niobium film (about 160 nm thick) on a high-resistance Si substrate, and each resonator is fabricated as a meandered quarter-wavelength transmission line (one end shorts to the ground and another end is capacitively coupled to a through feedline). With a vector network analyzer we measured the transmissions of the applied microwave through the resonators at ultra-low temperature (e.g., at 20 mK), and found that their loaded quality factors are significantly high, i.e., up to 10^6. With the temperature increases slowly from the base temperature (i.e., 20 mK), we observed the resonance frequencies of the resonators are blue shifted and the quality factors are lowered slightly. In principle, this type of CPW-device can integrate a series of resonators with a common feedline, making it a promising candidate of either the data bus for coupling the distant solid-state qubits or the sensitive detector of single photons.Comment: Accepted by Chinese Science Bulleti

Evaluation of the Snow CCI Snow Covered Area Product within a Mountain Snow Water Equivalent Reanalysis

An accurate characterization of global snow water equivalent (SWE) is essential in the study of climate and water resources. The current global SWE dataset from the European Space Agency Snow Climate Change Initiative is derived from the assimilation of passive microwave satellite data and in situ snow depth measurements. However, gaps exist in the current Snow CCI SWE dataset in complex terrain due to difficulties in characterizing mountain SWE via the passive microwave sensing approach and limitations of the in situ snow depth measurements. This study applies a Bayesian snow reanalysis approach with the existing Snow CCI snow cover fraction (SCF) dataset (1 km resolution) to develop a SWE dataset over four mountainous domains in Western North America for WYs 2001&ndash;2019. The reanalysis SWE estimates are evaluated through comparisons with independent SWE datasets, and a parallel SWE reanalysis generated using snow extent retrieved from Landsat imagery (30 m resolution). Biases in Snow CCI reanalysis SWE were diagnosed by comparing Snow CCI snow cover with the Landsat reference. Both the number of SCF images and their characteristics (such as zenith angle) significantly affect the accuracy of SWE estimation. Overall, the Snow CCI SCF inputs produce reanalysis SWE of sufficient quality to fill the mountain SWE gap in the current Snow CCI SWE climate data record. A better characterization of the SCF uncertainty and a bias correction could further improve the accuracy of the reanalysis SWE estimates