Developmental regulation of the heat shock response by nuclear transport factor karyopherin-α3

During early stages of Drosophila development the heat-shock response cannot be induced. It is reasoned that the adverse effects on cell cycle and cell growth brought about by Hsp70 induction must outweigh the beneficial aspects of Hsp70 induction in the early embryo. Although the Drosophila heat shock transcription factor (dHSF) is abundant in the early embryo it does not enter the nucleus in response to heat shock. In older embryos and in cultured cells the factor is localized within the nucleus in an apparent trimeric structure that binds DNA with high affinity. The domain responsible for nuclear localization upon stress resides between residues 390 and 420 of the dHSF. Using that domain as bait in a yeast two-hybrid system we now report the identification and cloning of a Drosophila nuclear transport protein karyopherin-α3 (dKap-α3). Biochemical methods demonstrate that the dKap-α3 protein binds specifically to the dHSF’s nuclear localization sequence (NLS). Furthermore, the dKap-α3 protein does not associate with NLSs that contain point mutations, which are not transported in vivo. Nuclear docking studies also demonstrate specific nuclear targeting of the NLS substrate by dKap-α3. Consistant with previous studies demonstrating that early Drosophila embryos are refractory to heat shock as a result of dHSF nuclear exclusion, we demonstrate that the early embryo is deficient in dKap-α3 protein through cycle 12. From cycle 13 onward the transport factor is present and the dHSF is localized within the nucleus thus allowing the embryo to respond to heat shock

Regge-like relation and a universal description of heavy-light systems

Using the Regge-like formula $(M-m_Q)^2=\pi\sigma L$ between hadron mass $M$ and angular momentum $L$ with a heavy quark mass $m_Q$ and a string tension $\sigma$, we analyze all the heavy-light systems, i.e., $D/D_s/B/B_s$ mesons and charmed and bottom baryons.Numerical plots are obtained for all the heavy-light mesons of experimental data whose slope becomes nearly equal to 1/2 of that for light hadrons. Assuming that charmed and bottom baryons consist of one heavy quark and one light cluster of two light quarks (diquark), we apply the formula to all the heavy-light baryons including recently discovered $\Omega_c$'s and find that these baryons experimentally measured satisfy the above formula. We predict the average mass values of $B$, $B_s$, $\Lambda_b$, $\Sigma_c$, $\Xi_c$, and $\Omega_c$ with $L=2$ as 6.01, 6.13, 6.15, 3.05, 3.07, and 3.34 GeV, respectively. Our results on baryons suggest that these baryons can be safely regarded as heavy quark-light cluster configuration. We also find a universal description for all the heavy-light mesons as well as baryons, i.e., one unique line is enough to describe both of charmed and bottom heavy-light systems. Our results suggest that instead of mass itself, gluon flux energy is essential to obtain a linear trajectory.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 5 table

Stochastic differential equations and stochastic parallel translations in the Wasserstein space

We will develop some elements in stochastic analysis in the Wasserstein space $\mathbb{P}_2(M)$ over a compact Riemannian manifold $M$, such as intrinsic It$\^o$ formulae, stochastic regular curves and parallel translations along them. We will establish the existence of parallel translations along regular curves, or stochastic regular curves in case of $\mathbb{P}_2(\mathbb{T})$. Surprisingly enough, in this last case, the equation defining stochastic parallel translations is a SDE on a Hilbert space, instead of a SPDE

HAZ Phase Transformation and Thermal Damage for Laser Remanufacturing a High-Strength Stainless Steel

It briefly introduced laser remanufacturing, which was an advanced repairing method to refabricate damaged components based on laser forming technologies. The possible factors in determining the performance of the laser remanufacturing FV520B were studied by numerical simulation and experimental methods. First, the results of free dilatometry test showed that the volume effect of phase transformations were corresponding to the transformation temperatures and heating rate of the laser process had remarkable effects on the kinetics of phase transformation. In addition, the evolution of temperature fields of the single-pass and multi-layer laser cladding processes were analyzed by numerical simulation method based on deactivate and reactivate element theory. A combined method of dilatometry and metallography was conducted to reveal the effect of cooling condition and phase transformation on the microstructure of HAZ. The maximum temperature of thermal cycle had a dominating effect on the microstructure, microhardness and phase transformation temperature rather than cooling rate. Thermal cycles had a significant effect on the metallographic transformation and consequently decided the mechanical performance. Microhardness and tensile tests were conducted and the results showed that strength and ductility of laser remanufacturing FV520B were equivalent to that of forgings

Calculation of microscopic nuclear level densities based on covariant density functional theory

A microscopic method for calculating nuclear level density (NLD) based on the covariant density functional theory (CDFT) is developed. The particle-hole state density is calculated by combinatorial method using the single-particle levels schemes obtained from the CDFT. Then the level densities are obtained by taking into account collective effects such as vibration and rotation. Our results are compared with those from other NLD models, including phenomenological, microstatistical, and non-relativistic HFB combinatorial models. The comparison suggests that the general trends among these models are basically the same, except for some deviations from different NLD models. In addition, the NLDs of the CDFT combinatorial method with normalization are compared with experimental data, including the observed cumulative number of levels at low excitation energy and the measured NLDs. Compared with the existing experimental data, the CDFT combinatorial method can give reasonable results.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure