52,538 research outputs found
Effects of topological edge states on the thermoelectric properties of Bi nanoribbons
Using first-principles calculations combined with Boltzmann transport theory,
we investigate the effects of topological edge states on the thermoelectric
properties of Bi nanoribbons. It is found that there is a competition between
the edge and bulk contributions to the Seebeck coefficients. However, the
electronic transport of the system is dominated by the edge states because of
its much larger electrical conductivity. As a consequence, a room temperature
value exceeding 3.0 could be achieved for both p- and n-type systems when the
relaxation time ratio between the edge and the bulk states is tuned to be 1000.
Our theoretical study suggests that the utilization of topological edge states
might be a promising approach to cross the threshold of the industrial
application of thermoelectricity
The Ultraviolet flash accompanying GRBs from neutron-rich internal shocks
In the neutron-rich internal shocks model for Gamma-ray Burts (GRBs), the
Lorentz factors (LFs) of ions shells are variable, so are the LFs of
accompanying neutron shells. For slow neutron shells with a typical LF tens,
the typical beta-decay radius reads R_{\beta,s} several 10^{14} cm, which is
much larger than the typical internal shocks radius 10^{13} cm, so their impact
on the internal shocks may be unimportant. However, as GRBs last long enough
(T_{90}>20(1+z) s), one earlier but slower ejected neutron shell will be swept
successively by later ejected ion shells in the range 10^{13}-10^{15} cm, where
slow neutrons have decayed significantly. We show in this work that ion shells
interacting with the beta-decay products of slow neutron shells can power a
ultraviolet (UV) flash bright to 12th magnitude during the prompt gamma-ray
emission phase or slightly delayed, which can be detected by the upcoming
Satellite SWIFT in the near future.Comment: 6 pages (2 eps figures), accepted for publication in ApJ
Tuning the carrier concentration to improve the thermoelectric performance of CuInTe2 compound
The electronic and transport properties of CuInTe2 chalcopyrite are
investigated using density functional calculations combined with Boltzmann
theory. The band gap predicted from hybrid functional is 0.92 eV, which agrees
well with experimental data and leads to relatively larger Seebeck coefficient
compared with those of narrow-gap thermoelectric materials. By fine tuning the
carrier concentration, the electrical conductivity and power factor of the
system can be significantly optimized. Together with the inherent low thermal
conductivity, the ZT values of CuInTe2 compound can be enhanced to as high as
1.72 at 850 K, which is obviously larger than those measured experimentally and
suggests there is still room to improve the thermoelectric performance of this
chalcopyrite compound
Theory of control of spin/photon interface for quantum networks
A cavity coupling a charged nanodot and a fiber can act as a quantum
interface, through which a stationary spin qubit and a flying photon qubit can
be inter-converted via cavity-assisted Raman process. This Raman process can be
controlled to generate or annihilate an arbitrarily shaped single-photon
wavepacket by pulse-shaping the controlling laser field. This quantum interface
forms the basis for many essential functions of a quantum network, including
sending, receiving, transferring, swapping, and entangling qubits at
distributed quantum nodes as well as a deterministic source and an efficient
detector of a single photon wavepacket with arbitrarily specified shape and
average photon number. Numerical study of noise effects on the operations shows
high fidelity.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Perturbation Theory for Plasmonic Modulation and Sensing
We develop a general perturbation theory to treat small parameter changes in
dispersive plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials. We specifically apply it
to dielectric refractive index, and metallic plasma frequency modulation in
metal- dielectric nanostructures. As a numerical demonstration, we verify the
theory's accu- racy against direct calculations, for a system of plasmonic rods
in air where the metal is defined by a two-pole fit of silver's dielectric
function. We also discuss new optical behavior related to plasma frequency
modulation in such systems. Our approach provides new physical insight for the
design of plasmonic devices for biochemical sensing and optical modulation, and
future active metamaterial applications.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure
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