Ocular Dirofilariasis, a Case Report

Accidental infection with animal filarial worms in humans is a dilemma for clinicians and parasitologists throughout the world. To date a variety of such rare parasitoses have been reported mostly in tropics and subtropics. Human dirofilariasis is among those unusual zoonotic infections that occasionally have been observed in the eye and in subcutaneous areas exhibiting with nodule formation. Filarial worms are transmitted to humans through invertebrate biological vectors such as certain species of mosquitoes. The present report describes a peculiar case of ocular dirofilariasis in a 49-year-old man resident in Iran

Strength of Plantar- and Dorsiflexors Mediates Step Regularity During a High Cognitive Load Situation in a Cross-sectional Cohort of Older and Younger Adults

Background and Purpose: Completing simultaneous tasks while standing or walking (ie, a high cognitive load situation [HCLS]) is inevitable in daily activities and can lead to interference in task performances. Age-related physical and cognitive changes may confound performance variability during HCLS in older and younger adults. Identification of these confounding effects may reveal therapy targets to maintain optimal physical function later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the difficulty levels of an additional motor task and restricting visual information, on gait parameters in younger and older adults while considering the effect of cognitive and physical covariates. Methods: Fifteen healthy younger and 14 healthy older adults were asked to complete assessments of cognitive function, balance, and strength. They were then asked to walk on a self-paced treadmill with or without carrying a plastic tray. Opaqueness of the tray (vision) and the presence of water in glasses placed on the tray (increasing task difficulty) were varied. Mean, standard deviation, and regularity (sample entropy) of step width and length were compared across conditions and groups using repeated-measures analyses of variance with and without covariate analysis. Only significantly correlated covariates of cognition, balance, and strength were entered into each model. Results and Discussion: Older adults had greater step width irregularity compared with younger adults across all conditions when controlling for concentric plantar- and dorsiflexion strength. A decline in strength may likely alter neuromuscular control of gait, specifically control of step width, which has been associated with fall risk in older adults. Adjusting for the same covariates revealed increased regularity of step length, as visual feedback from the feet was restricted. Specifically, step length was more regular while carrying an opaque tray compared with not carrying a tray. Visual restriction was a contributing factor, which led to more predictable gait kinematics, indicating the role of sensory information to enhance the adaptability during walking under HCLS. Conclusion: The knowledge of the regularity behavior of human movement can expand physical therapists\u27 treatment approaches to promote further interactivity and coordination across body systems that model behavior of healthy young individuals. Targeting strength during therapy may provide additional benefits for gait performance under HCLS

Shear Bond Strength of Porcelain to a Base-Metal Compared to Zirconia Core

Statement of Problem: Recent clinical results for Zirconia all-ceramic restorations have revealed that the fracture rate 6-15% of the Zirconia framework is so low and the core of Zirconia has high stability. However, chipping-off fractures of porcelain are the most common reason for failures of Zirconia in the fixed partial dentures. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of porcelain in the porcelain fused to metal and all-ceramic crowns with Zirconia core. Materials and Methods: Two groups were selected: porcelain fused to metal (PFM) and porcelain fused to Zirconia (PFZ) (n = 30).In the PFM group, a wax model (10 × 10 × 10mm)was used to cast metal base (Ni_Cr alloy). In the PFZ group, an acrylic cubic model (10 × 10 × 10mm) was made as Zirconia model for scanning.15 cubic Zirconia samples were milled by CAD-CAM. The procedure of porcelain veneering was conducted by the conventional layering technique up to 2 mm thickness (2.5 × 2.5 × 2 mm). All specimens were stored in water for 48 hrs. Thermal cycling was conducted for 20000 cycles between 55°C and 5ºC alternatively for 30s.All samples were mounted in acrylic resin and the SBS test was performed, using a universal testing machine. The analysis of data was performed at a significance level of 0.05 using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Mean of SBS in PFM and PFZ was 24.57 and 20.88, respectively. The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of porcelain fused to metal and Zirconia in item shear bond strength (p = 0.455). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the two groups of PFM and PFZ in the item SBS

Food Security Status of Elders and Its Related Factors in Arak in 2012

Abstract Introduction: Today, increased life expectancy, reduced mortality rates, and improved health conditions caused to an increase in number of elderly people, as one of the vulnerable groups in the society. On the other hand, food security is one of the necessary prerequisites for the health of the elderly people. Therefore, the present study intended to investigate the food security status of the elderly people as well as its related factors. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 consisting of 300 elderly people of Arak city. The study data were collected through FaCPS-FSSM food security questionnaire validated for the elderly via conducting interviews. In order to analyze the study data, SPSS software was utilized applying Chi square test, independent t&ndash;test, Pearson's correlation and regression. Results: The results of the present study revealed that 39.3% of the elderly people had a full food security, 29 % reported food insecurity without hunger, 20.7% showed moderate food insecurity and 11% had severe food insecurity. Moreover, a significant relationship was detected between education level, occupation, marital status, body mass index, disease and household dimension with the food security (p <%5). Conclusions: Considering that close to 60.7% of the studied elderly revealed some degree of food insecurity as well as the various factors significantly associated with this problem in the present study, this problem in this level of vulnerable population demonds to be attended more than ever

Comparison the Effectiveness of Lawsonia Inermis Extract, Sodium Hypochlorite and Nystatin in controlling of Candida Biofilm on Contaminated Resin Acryl plates

Introduction: Denture stomatitis is known as common complications in denture users, caused by adherence and colonization of Candida albicans on denture surfaces. Decontamination of dental prostheses using common chemical disinfectants brings about allergic disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Lawsonia inermis extracts and Sodium hypochlorite for disinfection of resin acryl plaques, which experimentally contaminated with C. albican. Methods: In present experimental study 100 square shape, 10×10×1 mm acrylic resin plates were inoculated in C. albicans suspension. The average number of Candida cells which adhered to 12 randomly selected acryl resin plates was firstly determined and 88 remaining plates were divided in 4 groups that were immersed for 8 hours in 500mg/100cc lawsonia inermis extracts 2% Sodium Hypochlorite as test groups, and 100000 IU Nystatin and distilled water as positive and negative control groups respectively. The Candida removing ability of 2 disinfectants and the control groups was assessed by comparing the number of colony forming units per 1 ml of the plates washing solution cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates before and after the removing protocol. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: There was seen a statistically significant differences in average viable C. albicans cells isolated from acryl resin plates before and after disinfection with lawsonia inermis extract, Sodium hypochlorite and Nystatin (P=0.0001). Sodium hypochlorite reduced 100% of attached Candida on the rein acryl plates Lawsonia inermis extract more than 80% and only less than 25% by distilled water. Conclusions: According to present results, it seems that lawsonia inermis extracts, which is inexpensive and without any side effects, it can be suggested for controlling of Candida biofilm and prevention of denture stomatitis