Comparison of the Effect Of 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Xylitol Plus 920 Ppm Fluoride Mouthwashes on Count of Salivary Streptococcus Mutants, a Pilot Study

Statement of the Problem: Dental caries is a common chronic disease. Mouthwashes and other preventive approaches play an important role in caries prevention. Finding the most efficient mouthwash in the market is always a concern for dentists and patients. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of chlorhexidine (Behsa, Iran) and xylitol plus 920 ppm fluoride (FX) (Fuchs, Germany) mouthwash on salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which is the main microorganism responsible for dental caries. Materials and Method: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 dental students, divided into two groups. The salivary count of S. mutans was measured at the beginning of the study. Group 1 students used chlorhexidine mouthwash while group 2 used FX mouthwash for two weeks. Saliva samples were collected again and salivary count of S. mutans was determined. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon signed rank tests Results: Salivary count of S.mutans significantly decreased in the two groups after using the mouthwashes (p 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that both mouthwashes could decrease S. mutans count

Injectable, antibacterial, and oxygen-releasing chitosan-based hydrogel for multimodal healing of bacteria-infected wounds

Bacterial infection is one of the main challenges of wound healing. It imposes financial and healthcare costs. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has increased concerns about this challenge, and made finding alternative solutions a crucial aim. We created a new, antibacterial, multifunctional hydrogel with synergistic chemodynamic and photothermal features for wound-healing applications. We fabricated a chitosan (CT)-based hydrogel containing tannic acid (TA), Fe, and MnO2 nanosheets (CT-TA-Fe-MnO2) via a simple method and characterized it. The antibacterial features (resulting from the production of reactive oxygen species within bacterial cells) and healing ability (via anti-inflammatory and hemostatic features) of the hydrogel were confirmed in vitro. In vivo results revealed the effectiveness of the CT-TA-Fe-MnO2 hydrogel in decreasing the hemostatic time, improving anti-inflammatory effects, and promoting wound healing during 14 days by enhancing the deposition and maturation of collagen fibers without affecting the vital organs. The fabricated CT-TA-Fe-MnO2 hydrogel could be a promising candidate with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities suitable for wound-healing applications.</p

Injectable, antibacterial, and oxygen-releasing chitosan-based hydrogel for multimodal healing of bacteria-infected wounds

Bacterial infection is one of the main challenges of wound healing. It imposes financial and healthcare costs. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has increased concerns about this challenge, and made finding alternative solutions a crucial aim. We created a new, antibacterial, multifunctional hydrogel with synergistic chemodynamic and photothermal features for wound-healing applications. We fabricated a chitosan (CT)-based hydrogel containing tannic acid (TA), Fe, and MnO2 nanosheets (CT-TA-Fe-MnO2) via a simple method and characterized it. The antibacterial features (resulting from the production of reactive oxygen species within bacterial cells) and healing ability (via anti-inflammatory and hemostatic features) of the hydrogel were confirmed in vitro. In vivo results revealed the effectiveness of the CT-TA-Fe-MnO2 hydrogel in decreasing the hemostatic time, improving anti-inflammatory effects, and promoting wound healing during 14 days by enhancing the deposition and maturation of collagen fibers without affecting the vital organs. The fabricated CT-TA-Fe-MnO2 hydrogel could be a promising candidate with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities suitable for wound-healing applications.</p

High frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food and clinical samples

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as an important cause of food poisoning related to the consumption of raw, undercooked, or mishandled foods worldwide. Methods A total of 90 individual meat samples and 200 clinical specimens were collected and investigated the frequency of S. aureus and classical enterotoxin genes. The samples were cultured on Baird-Parker and Mannitol salt agar and subjected for confirmatory biochemical tests and molecular detection of femA, sea, seb, sec, sed, and see genes. Results A total of 31 (34.5%) meat samples and 81 (40.5%) clinical specimens were positive for the presence of S. aureus. These isolates were detected with slightly higher frequency in clinical specimens than food samples (P> 0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of S. aureus in raw meat (23.4%) was higher than that in cooked meat samples (11.1%) (P 0.05). We found sea and see genes with higher frequency than others in both meat and clinical samples. Furthermore, 55.5% of meat isolates and 38.1% of clinical isolates possessed more than one se gene. Conclusion Detection of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in clinical and raw meat samples shows a probable risk for public health. Therefore, intensive and continuous monitoring of potentially pathogenic S. aureus is strongly recommended in order to evaluate the human health risk arising from food consumption

Study the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Activities of Eight Clinically Applied Disinfectants against Clinical Isolated of Enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Hospital-acquired infections are among the most significant reasons of human mortality world-wide which can be controlled by efficient application of suitable disinfectant for hospital setting. The main goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of eight routinely used hospital disinfectants against clinical isolates. Methods: In our descriptive study, in the first step the antibiogram assay of 99 clinical isolates enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined. Then, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of isolates against Povidone Iodine 10%, Ethanol 70%, Savlon 3.2%, Deconex51Gastro, Procept Floor, Septo med, Surfanious and Gigasept AF were evaluated. Furthermore, the efficacy of disinfectants was reevaluated in presence of 5% (w/v) Bovine Serum Albumin. Results: The results showed that Septo med and Surfanious are the most and less potent disinfectants against clinical isolates, respectively. It is also resulted that Povidone Iodine is the most effective choice among the conventional disinfectants in this study. Clearly, addition of 5% organic substances reduced the efficacy of selected disinfectants significantly. Conclusion: Novel quaternary ammonium compounds are the most applicable choice for disinfection of hospital surfaces and instruments in this study