Molecular variants of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus infecting grapevines (Vitis spp.) in Brazil.

Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) is one of the most common viruses of grapevine. It is involved in the graft-transmissible disease rupestris stem pitting of the rugose wood complex. The objective of the research was to perform the molecular characterization of the coat protein (CP) gene of sixteen Brazilian GRSPaV isolates aiming to determine the occurrence of molecular variants (strains) of this virus. Nine grapevine samples were evaluated, from which dsRNA was extracted. Nucleotide sequences were generated by Next generation sequencing (NGS). Fifteen complete sequences of the GRSPaV CP gene were obtained and phylogenetically analyzed. Multiple alignments of the sequences showed identities of nucleotides ranging from 82% to 99%, suggesting high variability among the CPs of Brazilian isolates. The study revealed that genetic variability of GRSPaV comprising three molecular variants is also present in Brazilian grapevine genotypes.Key words: GRSPaV, Foveavirus, strains, lineages, genetic variability. O GRSPaV é um dos vírus mais comuns da videira. Está associado à doença transmissível por enxertia denominada caneluras de rupestris que compõe o complexo do lenho rugoso. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar a caracterização molecular do gene da proteína capsidial (CP) de 16 isolados brasileiros de GRSPaV visando determinar a ocorrência de variantes moleculares desse vírus. Nove amostras de videira foram avaliadas das quais foi extraído dsRNA. As sequências de nucleotídeos foram geradas pelo sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS). Quinze sequências completas do gene CP de GRSPaV foram obtidas e filogeneticamente analisadas. Os alinhamentos múltiplos entre as sequências mostraram identidades de nucleotídeos variando de 82% a 99%, sugerindo alta variabilidade entre as CPs de isolados brasileiros. O estudo revelou que a variabilidade genética de GRSPaV compreendendo três variantes moleculares também está presente nos genótipos de videira no Brasil. Palavras-chave: GRSPaV, Foveavirus, estirpes, linhagens, variabilidade genética

A comparison of 3 different unilateral strength training strategies to enhance jumping performance and decrease interlimb asymmetries in soccer players

Purpose: This study compared the effects of performing different unilateral strength training interventions on unilateral and bilateral jumping performance and their related asymmetries in young soccer players. Methods: Forty-five male young (U-17) soccer players were randomly assigned to three eccentric overload training programs: The first group executed the same volume with both legs starting with the weaker leg (SVW, n=15), the second group carried out the double volume with the weaker leg and also starting with the weaker leg (DVW, n=15), and the third group performed the same volume with both legs starting with the stronger leg (SVS, n=15). Jumping performance assessment included a single-leg horizontal jump test, a triple single-leg horizontal jump test, a bilateral countermovement (CMJ) jump test and unilateral countermovement jump test. Asymmetries were also analyzed in the unilateral jumping tests. Results: CMJ was improved (effect size [ES]: 0.27-0.48) and CMJ asymmetry was possibly reduced (ES: 0.08-0.24) in all groups. Substantial improvements were found in triple hop (ES: 0.52-0.71) in SVW and DVW, and triple hop asymmetry was substantially decreased (ES: 0.88) in DVW. Between-group analysis showed a substantial better performance in triple hop and horizontal hop with right leg in SVW and DVW compared to SVS. Conclusions: Unilateral strength training programs were shown to substantially improve bilateral jumping performance, while unilateral jumping was substantially enhanced in those groups that started the training session with the weaker leg. Finally, between-limbs asymmetries in the triple hop were mainly reduced through performing the double volume with the weaker leg

Electrotunable friction with ionic liquid lubricants: how important is the molecular structure of the ions?

Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and a coarse grained model of ionic liquids, we have investigated the impact that the shape and the intramolecular charge distribution of the ions have on the electrotuneable friction with ionic-liquid nanoscale films. We show that the electric-field induces significant structural changes in the film, leading to dramatic modifications of the friction force. Comparison of the present work with previous studies using different models of ionic liquids indicate that the phenomenology presented here applies to a wide range of ionic liquids. In particular, the electric-field-induced shift of the slippage plane from the solid-liquid interface to the interior of the film and the non-monotonic variation of the friction force are common features of ionic lubricants under strong confinement. We also demonstrate that the molecular structure of the ions plays an important role in determining the electrostriction and electroswelling of the confined film, hence showing the importance of ion-specific effects in electrotuneable friction

Grapevine viruses survey in Pernambuco, Paraiba and Bahia states, Brazil.

Resumo apresentado de número 371-1

Produção de antissoro policlonal utilizando a proteína capsidial recombinante do Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus.

O Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (RSPaV) é o agente causal das caneluras do lenho da videira. Este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir antissoro policlonal a partir da proteína capsidial (CP) recombinante do RSPaV e avaliar a sua especificidade e sensibilidade. O gene da CP do RSPaV, com 780pb, foi previamente caracterizado. Esse gene foi subclonado no sítio de restrição EcoRI, no vetor de expressão pRSET-B e o plasmídeo recombinante foi utilizado para induzir a expressão da CP em Escherichia coli. A CP, ligada a uma cauda de seis histidinas, foi purificada por meio de cromatografia de afinidade em coluna de Ni-NTA a partir do extrato de proteínas totais extraídas de E. coli. A identidade da proteína purificada foi confirmada em SDS-PAGE e Western blot, utilizando-se anticorpos comerciais contra a cauda de seis histidinas. A CP recombinante expressada in vitro apresentou massa molecular de cerca de 31kDa. A proteína purificada foi quantificada e 2,55mg foram utilizados para a imunização de um coelho. O antissoro policlonal obtido reagiu com diferentes isolados deste vírus, extraídos de videiras em ELISA indireto.Nota técnica

Effects of direction-specific training interventions on physical performance and inter-limb asymmetries

This study analyzed the effects of two different training programs on functional performance and inter-limb asymmetries in basketball players. Twenty-four elite youth basketball players were randomly assigned to a training program including variable unilateral horizontal movements (VUH, n = 12) or unilateral lateral movements (VUL, n = 12). Eccentric-overload training (EOT) was performed twice a week for a six-week period. Functional performance assessment included a countermovement jump test, unilateral multidirectional jumping tests (i.e., lateral, horizontal, and vertical), a rebound jump test, a limb symmetry index, a 25 m linear sprint test, and several change of direction (COD) tests. Within-group analysis showed substantial improvements in almost all functional tests in both groups (ES = 0.35−0.89). Furthermore, almost all jumping asymmetries were improved in both groups (ES = 0.38−0.69) except for vertical jumping asymmetry in VUL (ES = −0.04). Between-group analyses showed a substantial and possibly better performance in vertical jumping asymmetry and 5 m in VUH compared to that of VUL, respectively. In contrast, lateral jumping with left (ES = 1.22) and right leg (ES = 0.49) were substantially greater in VUL than in VUH. Specific force-vector training programs induced substantial improvements in both functional performance tests and inter-limb asymmetries, although greater improvements of lateral and horizontal variables may depend on the specific force vector targeted

Levantamento de vírus e viróides em três vinhedos na Serra Gaúcha.

Cerca de 80 vírus e patógenos similares foram relatados infectando videiras, reflexo da propagação vegetativa da cultura e da atuação de vetores. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de seis vírus e dois viroides por RT-PCR em tempo real (RTqPCR) e convencional (para HSVd) em videiras Vitis spp.): Grapevine leafrollassociated virus (GLRaV-3 e -4), Grapevine virus A e B (GVA, GVB), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), Grapevine yellow speckle viroid-1 (GYSVd-1) e Hop stunt viroid (HSVd)

Análise de curvas de dissociação de alta resolução da RT-PCR em tempo real para detectar e diferenciar variantes de vírus da videira.

A RT-PCR em tempo real (RT-qPCR) é utilizada para detectar vírus de plantas, sendo um método de detecção rápido e quantitativo. A análise da curva de dissociação de alta resolução (HRM), uma extensão da RT-qPCR, conhecida por RT-qPCR-HRM, com reação realizada em tubo único, apresenta alto rendimento e permite discriminar variantes virais

Analysis of virome by high-throughput sequencing revealed multiple infection in a single grapevine plant.

Grapevines (Vitis sp.) can host up to 86 virus species, some of which affect plant vigor, production and fruit quality. In 2019, cv. BRS Bibiana, a hybrid vine showing mild leafroll symptoms, collected in an experimental field in Canoinhas-SC, Brazil, was investigated for viruses.Evento online

Isolado de Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus causando necrose das nervuras da videira.

Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) está associado à virose das caneluras do tronco de Rupestris, é transmissível pela enxertia, não possui vetores conhecidos e forma o complexo do lenho rugoso da videira. A doença é responsável por incompatibilidade da enxertia, brotação tardia, declínio e até morte de plantas. O objetivo do trabalho foi comprovar a associação de uma estirpe específica do GRSPaV com sintomas de necrose de nervuras.(Embrapa Uva e Vinho. Documentos, 99