Traffic Related Air Pollution Exposure Effect on Circulating White Blood Cell Counts in Healthy Individuals

During this short term study a total of 110 samples were collected from the selected individuals of study area. This study was aimed to count the White blood cells in the blood samples of individuals, who were mostly exposed to exhaust fumes (air pollution), like traffic constables, cooks and shopkeepers. For this purpose blood samples were taken into an evacuee container having anticoagulant Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) so to prevent coagulation of blood, for the count of WBCs, heamocyto-meter was used. During the study the body mass index and blood pressure was also measured by digital blood pressure measuring apparatus. Samples were observed under the microscope. It was found that 15% (13,133±2544.081) sampled individuals had increased WBCs and 85% (7821±1482.76) normal WBCs. In female samples 50% (11900±2151.27) were observed with above range of WBCs and other 50% (8540±844.39) with normal range of WBCs count, non-had WBCs count lower than the normal WBCs. Mostly had normal and few had above the range. One way ANOVA has been used to analyze connection of exposure to air pollution with counts of circulating white blood cells

Traffic Related Air Pollution Exposure Effect on Circulating White Blood Cell Counts in Healthy Individuals

During this short term study a total of 110 samples were collected from the selected individuals of study area. This study was aimed to count the White blood cells in the blood samples of individuals, who were mostly exposed to exhaust fumes (air pollution), like traffic constables, cooks and shopkeepers. For this purpose blood samples were taken into an evacuee container having anticoagulant Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) so to prevent coagulation of blood, for the count of WBCs, heamocyto-meter was used. During the study the body mass index and blood pressure was also measured by digital blood pressure measuring apparatus. Samples were observed under the microscope. It was found that 15% (13,133±2544.081) sampled individuals had increased WBCs and 85% (7821±1482.76) normal WBCs. In female samples 50% (11900±2151.27) were observed with above range of WBCs and other 50% (8540±844.39) with normal range of WBCs count, non-had WBCs count lower than the normal WBCs. Mostly had normal and few had above the range. One way ANOVA has been used to analyze connection of exposure to air pollution with counts of circulating white blood cells

Solution‐Processed Metal Ion Polyelectrolytes as Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract Despite achieving high efficiencies over a short time, further streamlining of hybrid lead‐halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) designs is necessary for their commercial viability. In this contribution, a new class of interfacial hole transporting layer (HTL) materials consisting of anionic polyelectrolytes comprising polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) with metal cations are explored. These materials represent alternatives to metal oxides, combining characteristics of metal oxides with the facile preparation and desirable film‐forming characteristics of polyelectrolytes. Polyelectrolytes with cations including Li, Mg, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, In, Cs, and Pb as HTLs in inverted PSCs are explored. A range of positive and negative effects is observed for different metal cations, which are attributed to differences in the physical properties of the polyelectrolytes, and their influence on the electronic band structure of devices and the crystal qualities of the perovskite absorber. Ni and Cu polyelectrolytes created p‐type contacts at the anode of PSCs, improving device performance. These materials are believed to have potential in other types of devices as well. This type of metal:PSS polyelectrolyte has not yet been widely investigated, however, it is shown that it constitutes a simple and economic strategy to engineer energy band structures in perovskite devices