Online multiclass EEG feature extraction and recognition using modified convolutional neural network method

Many techniques have been introduced to improve both brain-computer interface (BCI) steps: feature extraction and classification. One of the emerging trends in this field is the implementation of deep learning algorithms. There is a limited number of studies that investigated the application of deep learning techniques in electroencephalography (EEG) feature extraction and classification. This work is intended to apply deep learning for both stages: feature extraction and classification. This paper proposes a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) feature extractorclassifier algorithm to recognize four different EEG motor imagery (MI). In addition, a four-class linear discriminant analysis (LDR) classifier model was built and compared to the proposed CNN model. The paper showed very good results with 92.8% accuracy for one EEG four-class MI set and 85.7% for another set. The results showed that the proposed CNN model outperforms multi-class linear discriminant analysis with an accuracy increase of 28.6% and 17.9% for both MI sets, respectively. Moreover, it has been shown that majority voting for five repetitions introduced an accuracy advantage of 15% and 17.2% for both EEG sets, compared with single trials. This confirms that increasing the number of trials for the same MI gesture improves the recognition accurac

EEG-Based Control of a 3D-Printed Upper Limb Exoskeleton for Stroke Rehabilitation

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have emerged as transformative tools for translating users’ neural signals into commands for external devices. The urgent need for innovative treatments to enhance upper limb motor function in stroke survivors is underscored by the limitations of traditional rehabilitation methods. The development of communication and control technology for individuals with severe neuromuscular diseases, particularly stroke patients, is centered on utilizing electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to accurately decode users’ intentions and operate external devices. Two healthy subjects and a stroke patient were enrolled to acquire EEG signals using the EMOTIV EPOC+ sensor. The experimental procedure involved recording five actions for both motor imagery and facial expression signals to control the 3D-printed upper limb exoskeleton. EEGLAB and BCILAB software were used for preprocessing and classification. The results showed successful EEG-based control of the exoskeleton, representing a significant advancement in assistive technology for individuals with motor impairments. The support vector machine (SVM) classifier achieved higher accuracy in both offline and online modes for both motor imaginary and facial expression tasks. The conclusion highlights the appropriateness of using EEGLAB for offline EEG data analysis and BCILAB for both offline and online analysis and classification. The integration of servo motors in the exoskeleton, allowing movements in five Degrees of Freedom (DOF), positions it as an effective rehabilitation solution for individuals with upper limb impairments

Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dan Tembaga (Cu) Pada Karang Pocillopora Damicornis Di Perairan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa

Human activities in the Karimunjawa National Park increase water pollution, including heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and copper (Cu). The existence of heavy metals in sea waters can not be degraded, but it can be absorbed and accumulated in the body of organisms, including coral, Pocillopora damicornis. Given the existence of coral P. damicornis as sessile organism which are able to absorb lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) from the water, therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on heavy metals content in the coral. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) on the coral P. damicornis taken from several locations around the Karimunjawa National Park. The results of the study showed that heavy metals content in the water was not detected. While the highest Pb and Cu were found in the coral collected from Burung Island that was equal to 0.00405 ppm and 0.01121 ppm, respectively. The lowest Pb substance were found in the coral collected from Kemojan canal i.e. 0.00143 ppm. Sample collected from Indonoor, Kemojan canal and Karimunjawa port did not contain Cu substance. Based on Pb and Cu data contained in the coral and water samples Minister of Environment Decree No.51st, 2004, it could be concluded that the conditions of Karimunjawa National Park was still in the stage of no contamination

BT-201: Investigation of the spider web for antibacterial activity

Spiders build their webs with a material called silk. Spider silk contain protein fiber that have many advantages and functions. One of them is to capture their prey such as flies, insects, and others. The needs on the research of antibacterial activity are important for human health because of importance of finding a new cure for some diseases that occur because of microorganisms. Some of the microorganisms, especially bacteria are becoming resistant to many antibacterial agents. The purpose of this new investigation was to determine if spider webs exhibit antibacterial properties. In order to determine antibacterial properties, the spider webs were extracted using different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water in different conditions (extraction time, and concentration used for optimization). These extracts were screened for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion assay. Two bacteria were used in the antibacterial assay namely Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. The determination of spider webs exhibiting antibacterial properties was based, at least in this study, solely upon the definite appearance of inhibition zone around the well of plates. In screening, acetone solvent was shown the best for antibacterial activity compare to other solvents with 10 mm of diameter of inhibition zone for Bacillus subtilis and 9 mm of diameter of inhibition zone for Escherichia coli. In optimization, the maximum inhibition zone on the Bacillus subtilis was 15 mm at a time of 48 hours and concentration of 0.035 g/ml. Meanwhile, the maximum diameter of inhibition zone on the Escherichia coli was 12 mm at a time of 48 hours and concentration of 0.035 g/ml. Therefore, this study showed that spider webs could be potential source of new antibacterial agents

Development of new all-optical signal regeneration technique

All-optical signal regeneration have been the active research area since last decade due to evolution of nonlinear optical signal processing. Existing all-optical signal regeneration techniques are agitated in producing low Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10-10 at below than -10 dBm power received. In this paper, a new all-optical signal regeneration technique is developed by using phase sensitive amplification and designed optical phase locked signal mechanism. The developed all-optical signal regeneration technique is tested for different 10 Gb/s Differential Phase Shift Keying degraded signals. It is determined that the designed all-optical signal regeneration technique is able to provide signal regeneration with noise mitigation for degraded signals. It is analyzed that overall, for all degraded test signals, average BER of 10-13 is achieved at received power of -14 dBm. The designed technique will be helpful to enhance the performance of existing signal regeneration systems in the presence of severe noise by providing minimum BER at low received power

Etiologie particuliere de l’encephalite limbique : la neurosyphilis (a propos de deux cas)

L’encéphalite limbique syphilitique est une affection rare et son incidence est inconnue nous rapportons l’observation deux patients hospitalisés pour troubles du comportement, troubles de mémoire et crises épileptiques, l’IRM cérébrale montrait un hypersignal sur les séquences pondérées en T2 et FLAIR des régions temporo-limbiques, la sérologie de la syphilis fut positive dans le sang et le LCR. Le diagnostic d’encéphalite limbique syphilitique fut retenu sur un ensemble d’arguments clinique, biologique etradiologique. Le traitement spécifique de la neurosyphilis a permis une amélioration de l’état neurologique des deux patients

Synthesis and consecutive reactions of a-azido ketones: a review

This review paper covers the major synthetic approaches attempted towards the synthesis of α-azido ketones, as well as the synthetic applications/consecutive reactions of α-azido ketones

Investigation of vanadium–sodium silicate glasses using XANES spectroscopy

Abstract X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy has been used to investigate the electronic and atomic structure of (V2O5)x(Na2O)0.30(SiO2)0.70−x (x < 0.1) glasses obtained by melt-quench technique. The results show no sign of metallic clustering of V atoms, but mixed oxidation states (+4 and +5) of V and strong V3d–O2p hybridization in the glasses. Detailed analysis has revealed that the glass samples contain about 15% V4+ and 85% V5+ and the ligand-field splitting is about 1.6 eV. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: XANES; Vanadium–sodium silicate glasses; V L2,3 edges; O K edg