IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN ZAMBIA: Realizing Women’s Access to State Land

Context and Background: The Government of the Republic of Zambia has strengthened the policy and legal frameworks to support gender equality and women's empowerment. Although there are no legal barriers to women’s property rights in Zambia as stipulated in the country’s respective gender policy or land laws, in practical terms, this provision has yet to yield much success regarding women’s state land ownership. Goal and Objectives: This paper aims at establishing the situation regarding women’s access to state land and investigating the obstacles preventing the implementation of the policy and legal frameworks concerning women’s access to state land. Methodology: Primary data were obtained from five purposively selected institutions: Kalulushi Municipal Council, Chingola Municipal Council, Chililabombwe Municipal Council, Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, and Zambia Land Alliance (Kitwe office). The data collection method used with the key informants was in-depth face-to-face interviews. Office management at each institution chose the key informant based on their expertise and experience on the subject. Primary data were further collected from ninety-six (96) women working in the formal and informal sectors. In particular, thirty-two (32) women from each case study area, were randomly selected, and the questionnaire method was used for data collection. Secondary data were obtained through desk research and documents collected from the government offices. Results: Research findings from Kalulushi, Chingola, and Chililabombwe Municipal Councils revealed that the provision under the 2014 National Gender Policy of allocating 50 percent of available state land to women was never achieved from 2014 to 2021. There are various obstacles preventing women from accessing state land. These included but not restricted to information gap, complex procedure for accessing state land, high plot fees, low gender mainstreaming, cultural norms and traditions, and limited women’s participation in decision-making over land matters, In view of the foregoing, gender equality in access to state land can be addressed through: improving the sensitization programs of municipal councils on women's land rights; streamlining the procedure for accessing state land; addressing poverty among women through reducing plot fees and keeping low the land administration costs; ensuring understanding of gender equality and gender mainstreaming in the land sector by policy implementers; building awareness of demerits of cultural norms and traditions; and facilitating women's participation in the decision-making process and community mobilization initiatives.

Adapting the Surveying Curriculum to New Dimensions of the Profession

Today the surveying profession is very different from what it was twenty years ago. Recent technological innovations, globalization, and global land-related challenges have allowed a wide range of advances in the surveying profession. The vision is to promote surveying practices that can enhance the quality of services in a variety of tracks in the land profession. According to the new adjacent professional areas and the needs of the labor market, academic courses for surveyors have to be adapted to meet the broader scope of the surveying profession and to supply highly qualified land professionals. This paper outlines the new challenges for the surveying profession and highlights the core skills, competencies, and knowledge that should be highly valued to produce competent experts. Furthermore, this paper suggests a common structure of a surveying curriculum to capture the new academic themes for better adaptation to the broader scope of the surveying profession

akademischen Grades eines Doktor-Ingenieurs genehmigten Dissertation.

Die Dissertation wurde am 02.02.2009 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Bauingenieur- und Vermessungswesen am This thesis has attempted to analyze and resolve urban fringe problems in Dhaka by incorporating different roles and interests of actors in land development processes. The paper conceptualizes actors ’ involvement in land development systems in Dhaka in terms of ‘formal’ and ‘informal’. The research has revealed that these different actors have different interests, norms and ideologies which are playing an active role in guiding or regulating urban land development process. This situation is deploying existing rules and regulations in form of politics and affecting urban fringe management negatively. The land development process that both public and private sector is following is not sustainable and is totally concentrated for the benefit of upper and middle income group. Therefore, there is no prospect for the poor to have an access to land in Dhaka. The research has recognized that there is a big gap between planning system and its present practice in Dhaka due to weak governing system and government’s reluctance

“Action Space” Based Urban Land Governance Pattern: Implication in Managing Informal Settlements from the Perspective of Low-Income Housing

Understanding the governance pattern between civil society and market actors in allocation, access to, and use of land for low-income housing is important in managing the informal settlement. In this study, the concept of “action space” is conceptualized as a means to analyze the interaction between civil society and market actors. This novel approach is then applied to a resettlement project in Nepal as a case study. The analysis revealed the mechanism by which the “action space” was created and the push and pull of the “action space” among actors that led to various types of legitimacy. The results show that due to a regulatory vacuum a gap between market legitimacy and social legitimacy was created, resulting in a failure to cater land for low-income housing. Analysis of governance patterns using the lens of “action space” offers an important perspective on how to minimize the gap between market legitimacy and social legitimacy