Comparative Study of Crop Water Requirement of Traditional and Hybrid Sorghum Varieties

An experiment was conducted to compare the crop water requirement of traditional and hybrid sorghum varieties at University of Agriculture Peshawar research farm. Soil moisture samples were collected to calculate Actual evapotranspiration for each variety. Maximum actual evapotranspiration of hybrid variety at full irrigation was 52% more than traditional variety at rainfed conditions (with pre irrigation). The crop coefficient (Kc) for different stages of V1Io, V2Io, V1I1, V2I1, V1I2 and V2I2 ranged from 0.24-0.55, 0.27-0.61, 0.49-0.86, 0.47-0.92, 0.37-0.88 and 0.39-1.00 to respective values of FAO ranging from 0.35-1.1. Both the local and hybrid varieties are not significantly different from each other in terms of water productivity at all irrigation levels. Highest crop water productivity (0.61 kg m-3) was observed for V2I1 and lowest (0.43 kg m-3) for V1I0. Yield of hybrid variety was 62% more than the lowest grain yield of traditional variety under rainfed condition. At the full irrigation for traditional variety this percentage reduces to 59%. The reduction is only due to change in variety. Maximum harvest index (21%) was recorded for V2I1 and minimum (11%) for V1Io. Keywords: Crop water productivity, traditional and hybrid sorghum, soil moisture sampling, full Irrigation, evapotranspiration.

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Breaking Down Monoliths: A Graph Based Approach to Microservices Migration

Introduction: The software industry has increasingly transitioned from Monolithic Architecture (MA) to Microservices Architecture (MSA) due to the significant advantages offered by MSA. A crucial first step in this migration process is the identification of suitable microservices. Novelty Statement: This work aims to introduce an automated method for more effectively identifying potential microservices within monolithic applications. Materials and Methods: Our approach leverages the source code to construct a frequency-based class dependency graph through graph analysis techniques. A clustering algorithm is then applied to this graph to identify optimal candidate microservices. Results and Discussion: We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach using several metrics, including the number of microservices, Newman-Girvan Modularity (NGM), and F1-Score. The results demonstrate that the approach accurately identifies candidate microservices, achieving an average F1 score of 0.88 and an average NGM score of 0.526. Concluding Remarks: The proposed approach proves to be an effective tool for assisting developers in migrating from MA to MSA, facilitating a more streamlined transition process

Breaking Down Monoliths: A Graph Based Approach to Microservices Migration

Introduction: The software industry has increasingly transitioned from Monolithic Architecture (MA) to Microservices Architecture (MSA) due to the significant advantages offered by MSA. A crucial first step in this migration process is the identification of suitable microservices. Novelty Statement: This work aims to introduce an automated method for more effectively identifying potential microservices within monolithic applications. Materials and Methods: Our approach leverages the source code to construct a frequency-based class dependency graph through graph analysis techniques. A clustering algorithm is then applied to this graph to identify optimal candidate microservices. Results and Discussion: We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach using several metrics, including the number of microservices, Newman-Girvan Modularity (NGM), and F1-Score. The results demonstrate that the approach accurately identifies candidate microservices, achieving an average F1 score of 0.88 and an average NGM score of 0.526. Concluding Remarks: The proposed approach proves to be an effective tool for assisting developers in migrating from MA to MSA, facilitating a more streamlined transition process

Effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation on sleep disturbance in athletes

Background: Athletes have general complaints about sleep disturbance which is important for body recovery, healthy brain and body functions, tissue wear and tear, and the body's immune system. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) on sleep disturbance in athletes. Methodology: N=24 athletes aged 18 to 36 years participating in a competition were included in a randomized controlled trial. Athletes who were training for a competition, aged between 18 -and 36 years, and athletes with sleep disturbance score (SDS) falling above 4 on the Athletic Sleep Screening Questionnaire were included. Athlete sleep screening questionnaire (ASSQ) was used to assess sleep disturbance score (SDS). Athletes were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group was given progressive muscle relaxation and re-assessed the next day for SDS. Results: The pre-post analysis showed that progressive muscle relaxation reduced the athletes' sleep disturbance score significantly one day after the intervention with a large effect size (p=0.006 Cohen's d= 1.44) in the experimental group. The mean of the mean differences of SDS of both groups were compared which showed a group had a significantly improved sleep disturbance score compared to a control group with a large effect size. (Mean= 1.41 ±1.44 v/s 0.00±1.85, p≤ 0.01, Cohen's d= 1.66). Conclusion: Progressive Muscle Relaxation exercises can be a non-pharmacological method to help athletes sleep by simple head-to-toe muscles contract and relax technique. Clinical Trail No: NCT0569509