The Investigation of the Relationship between Financial Leverage and Return on Supply Chain Management

Abstract—The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between financial leverage and return on supply chain management and assest of the rural cooperatives. In this study, five ratios have been selected as financial leverage including total debt to total assets, total debt to total shareholders' equity, total long-term debt to total assets, total short-term debt to total assets and total debt to total capital. The return on asset is also calculated from the total debt to annual profit ratio. According to the objective of the research, this work is an applied research and according to the data collection method, it is a descriptive correlational study. The population included all rural cooperatives in the eastern part of the country in which 153 cooperatives were selected using the elimination method. Data analysis and the hypothesis testing were performed by simple linear regression test and using SPSS software. The results showed that three financial leverages have significantly affected the return on assets of the cooperatives which are the total debt to total assets, total long-term debt to total assets, and total short-term debt to total assets ratios. Of these three ratios, the total debt to total assets (-0.304) has the greatest effect on the return in assets of the cooperatives. The two other financial leverage ratios, i.e., the total debt to total shareholders' equity and the total debt to total capital did not have a significant effect on the return on assets of the rural cooperatives in the eastern part of the country. Thus, it is recommended to the cooperatives' Chief Executive Officer to focus more on three ratios of total debt to assets, total long-term debt to total assets, and total short-term debt to total assets in order to increase the return on equity of the cooperative and plan on the financial focus of the cooperative to reduce these ratios based on the efficient supply chain system

Data in support of comparative physiology and proteomic analysis of two wheat genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance

AbstractHere, we present the data from a comparative physiology and proteomics approach used to analyze the response of two wheat genotypes (SERI M 82 (SE) and SW89.5193/kAu2 (SW)) with contrasting responses to drought stress. Proteomic analysis resulted in identification of 49 unique proteins with significant change in abundance (2-fold) under water shortage in roots and leaves. Gene ontology analysis of drought-responsive proteins (DRPs) suggested an induction of proteins related to cell wall biogenesis, ATP synthesis, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate/energy metabolism in leaves under stress condition. A large fraction of root proteins were identified to be involved in defense and oxidative stress response. In addition, a significant change was detected in proteins related to protein synthesis, ATP synthesis, and germin-like proteins in response to drought stress. A detailed analysis of this data may be obtained from Ref. [1]

Application of novel Ni(II) complex and ZrO2 nanoparticle as mediators for electrocatalytic determination of N-acetylcysteine in drug samples

The electrooxidation of N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) was studied by a novel Ni(II) complex modified ZrO2 nanoparticle carbon paste electrode [Ni(II)/ZrO2/NPs/CPE] using voltammetric methods. The results showed that Ni(II)/ZrO2/NPs/CPE had high electrocatalytic activity for the electrooxidation of N-AC in aqueous buffer solution (pH = 7.0). The electrocatalytic oxidation peak currents increase linearly with N-AC concentrations over the concentration ranges of 0.05–600μM using square wave voltammetric methods. The detection limit for N-AC was equal to 0.009μM. The catalytic reaction rate constant, kh, was calculated (7.01 × 102 M−1 s−1) using the chronoamperometry method. Finally, Ni(II)/ZrO2/NPs/CPE was also examined as an ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of N-AC in real samples such as tablet and urine

Investigation on the Ultrasonic Tube Hydroforming in the Bulging Process Using Finite Element Method

In ultrasonic tube hydroforming, the tube is hydro formed while the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the die. Prior studies provide experimental proof that ultrasonic tube hydroforming reduces corner radius, improves lubrication and uniform thickness. Use of ultrasonic vibration can decrease friction at the tube-die interface. Few attempts have been made to analyze the wire drawing while the ultrasonic vibrations were also applied during the processes. A detailed analysis and understanding of the mechanism of improvement is not possible with conventional experimental observation because the ultrasonic vibration processing phenomenon occurs at high speed. Therefore, we attempt to understand the processing mechanism of ultrasonic tube hydroforming using the finite element method (FEM).ABAQUS was used for the FEM. Forming force and formability in tube hydroforming analyzed. From these studies, we quantitatively clarified the mechanism of improved formability characteristics, such as decreased forming load and increasing bulging diameter

Determination of Florfenicol Residues in the Muscle and Liver of Cultured Rainbow Trout in Iran by ELISA

Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, widely used in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to determine florfenicol residues in the muscle and liver of cultured rainbow trout in Iran by ELISA. The samples were collected from three areas (Kiar, Ardal, and Koohrang), considered as areas with high production of trout in the western part of Iran. Sampling was completed during the spring and summer of 2011. All of the samples were categorized into three weight groups (below 50g, 50 to150g and over 150g) and five individuals were randomly selected from fish belonged to each weigh group, and then collected samples sent for determination of antibiotic residues. The highest and the lowest antibiotic residues were 31.42±53.52 ng g-1 (>150 g fish) and 10.35±2.33 ng g-1 (<50 g fish) for liver samples and 48.84±50.36 ng g-1 (50-150 g fish) and 18.20±15.41 ng g-1 (> 150 g fish) for muscle samples, respectively. In different areas, the highest antibiotic levels were found in Koohrang and Ardal with mean of 37.00±63.61 and 15.33±10.45 ng g-1 for liver samples and 40.74±40.80 and 28.24±45.91ng g-1 for muscle samples. The results indicated that florfenicol residues are lower than the maximum permissible level has been announced by the European Union

Buckling and Vibration Analysis of Tapered Circular Nano Plate

In this paper, buckling and free vibration analysis of a circular tapered nanoplate subjected to in-plane forces were studied. The linear variation of the plate thickness was considered in radial direction. Nonlocal elasticity theory was employed to capture size-dependent effects. The Raleigh-Ritz method and differential transform method were utilized to obtain the frequency equations for simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. To verify the accuracy of the Ritz method, the differential transform method (DTM) was also used to drive the size-dependent natural frequencies of circular nanoplates. Both methods reported good results. The validity of solutions was performed by comparing the present results with those of the literature for both classical plate and nanoplate. The effects of nonlocal parameter, mode number, and taper parameter on the natural frequency were investigated. The results showed that increasing the taper parameter causes increasing of buckling load and natural frequencies, and its effects on the clamped boundary condition is more than the simply support

A Preliminary Study of Microsatellite Instability Analysis in Different Genotypes of P53 Codon 72 in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinomas

Background:The polymorphic variants at codon 72 of the p53 gene, encoding either proline or arginine at residue 72,produce marked change in the structure of p53.From the evidence that the DNAmismatch repair system and p53 interact to maintain genomic integrity, we hypothesized that the codon 72 variation may influence the   prevalence of microsatellite instability;a feature of malignancies associated with mismatch repair deficiency in breast invasive ductal carcinoma.Methods:TP53 codon 72 genotypes were detected by PCR using specific primer pairs for amplifying the Proline or the Arginine Alleles. Then, the frequencies of microsatellite instability (MSI) were analyzed in three genotypes of P53 codon 72 using   genomic DNAs from 120 specimens of breast ductal carcinomas by testing the   BAT-26 marker .Results:From 120 specimens, 73(60.8%) was Arg/Arg, 31(25.8%) Arg/Pro and 16(13.3%) Pro/Pro.MSI analysis revealed that 24.2% of the tumors (29 patients)was microsatellite instability-positive and 75.8% 91 patients) was microsatellite instability   -negative.The frequency of microsatellite instability in the Arginine/Arginine,Arginine/ Proline and Proline/Proline genotypes were 14 (19.2%), 12 (38.7%) and 3(18.8%) respectively. A significant difference in distribution of MSI was found for the Arginine/ Proline genotype compared with (grouped) Arginine/Arginine and Proline/   Proline genotypes (P=0.028).Conclusion: Our findings suggested that breast invasive ductal carcinomas arising in individuals with p53 codon 72 heterozygosity (Arginine/Proline)may be preferentially   prone to microsatellite instability more than other genotypes

Effect of appropriate Marketing Mix Strategies on Iranian Protein Products Export Performance

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Comparative physiology and proteomic analysis of two wheat genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance

Comparative physiology and proteomic analyses were conducted to monitor the stress response of two wheat genotypes (SERI M 82 (SE) and SW89.5193/kAu2 (SW)) with contrasting responses to drought stress. Under stress condition, the tolerant genotype (SE) produced higher shoot and root biomasses, longer roots and accumulated higher level of ABA in leaves. Physiological measurements suggested that the SE genotype was more efficient in water absorption and could preserve more water presumably by controlling stomata closure. Proteomic analysis showed an increased abundance of proteins related to defense and oxidative stress responses such as GLPs, GST, and SOD, and those related to protein processing such as small HSPs in roots of both genotypes in response to drought stress. Interestingly, the abundance of proteins such as endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase, peroxidase, SAMS, and MDH significantly increased in roots or leaves of the SE genotype and decreased in that of the SW one. In addition, an increased abundance of APX was detected in leaves and roots of the SE genotype and a decreased abundance of 14-3-3 and ribosomal proteins were noted in the SW one in response to drought stress. Our findings led to a better understanding about the integrated physiology and proteome responses of wheat genotypes with nearly contrasting responses to drought stress. Biological significance: We applied a comparative physiology and proteomic analysis to decipher the differential responses of two contrasting wheat genotypes to drought stress. Based on physiological measurements the tolerant genotype (SE) showed better drought response by developing deep root system, higher root and shoot biomasses, and higher level of ABA in leaves. Proteomic analysis showed an increased abundance of proteins related to defense and oxidative stress responses such as GLPs, GST, and SOD, and those related to protein processing such as small HSPs in roots of both genotypes in response to drought stress. In addition, the abundance of proteins such as glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase, peroxidases, SAMS, and MDH increased in roots or leaves of the tolerant genotype (SE) and decreased in that of the sensitive genotype (SW). Overall, proteins related to oxidative stress, protein processing and photosynthesis showed decreased abundance to a greater extent in the sensitive genotype (SW).15 page(s

Utility of Gastric Lavage for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Patients who are Unable to Expectorate Sputum

Background: There are number of patients who are unable to expectorate sputum specimens. In this study, we used gastric lavage (GL) test for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in patients who were unable to produce sputum. Materials and Methods: Patients who were unable to produce sputum specimens were included in the study to confirm TB disease. Gastric lavage sampling was performed and sent for acid fast bacillus smear and culture under special laboratory conditions and sterilized methods. Further bronchoscopy for broncho-alveolar lavage was done on patients with negative GL smear results. Drug susceptibility tests were performed on 48 GL culture positive cases. Results: Eighty-five patients were included in the study; who were hospitalized at our referral center for suspected TB. GL smears were reported to be positive in 37 cases (66.07%) and culture in 85.7%. The total number of smear and culture-positive cases in this study was 48 (85.7%). Forty cases (87%) of drug-sensitive, 1 case (2.2%) of isoniazid and rifampin-resistant TB (multi-drug resistant; MDR), and 5 cases of resistant to one drug were detected. There have not been observed any complications after the GL method. Conclusion: It seems that regarding the high number of positive GL cultures (85.7%), GL can be effective for diagnosis of patients who have suspicious tuberculosis symptoms and are unable to produce sputum especially in resource limited areas