Ionic Liquids from Biocompatibility and Electrochemical Aspects toward Applying in Biosensing Devices

WOS: 000419419200033PubMed ID: 29172461The introduction of a novel ionic environment, which is composed of a large, asymmetric organic cation and inorganic (or organic) anion that loosely fit together, is extending the properties and classical applications of chemical/biochemical and industrial performances. In this Feature, we discuss the recent uses of ionic liquids in enzyme activation and their combination with nanosized materials and electrode structures to enhance the sensing performance of biobased sensing devices

Noninvasive Optical Sensor for the Detection of Cocaine and Methamphetamine in Saliva Using Rhodamine B-Labeled Polymersomes

Drug abuse is an alarming subject affecting modern society. Unlike alcohol consumption control, substance abuse monitoring still lacks standardized, non-invasive, and efficient biosensors for on-site diagnostics. Most of the approaches are based on blood sampling and traditional chromatographical techniques. Here, we propose two colorimetric lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) using Rhodamine B-loaded polymersomes for cocaine (COC) and methamphetamine (METH) detection on saliva samples. Polymersomes were synthesized from methoxy polyethylene glycol and polycaprolactone and then loaded with the dye. Furthermore, the bioconjugation of the specific antibodies on the surface was confirmed via various analytical methods. The LFIA platform was based on a competitive type that is more suitable for detecting small-sized molecules. The sensitivity of the LFIA was quantitatively measured using smartphone-assisted imaging analysis and showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.49 ng/mL (COC) and 0.37 ng/mL (METH). Moreover, the specificity was also investigated against various interferents. The analytical performance of the LFIA platform was tested over synthetic and real human saliva, which showed an overall accuracy of 97% and 98.4%, respectively. The LFIA offers excellent stability under various salivary conditions (pH and incubation time) and keeps steady performance when comparing spiked buffer with synthetic and human saliva. The use of non-invasive sampling such as saliva in combination with on-site sensing devices can be of great potential for future applications and implementation of portable biosensors.Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Development [2016K121190]This work was supported by the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Development through the Infrastructure of EGE MATAL, Ege University, Izmir, under Grant 2016K121190

Self-assembled block copolymers in ionic liquids: Recent advances and practical applications

WOS:000610844800116Ionic liquids (ILs) are seen as liquids with great and novel potential in various applications such as separation materials, reaction medium, and energy devices. They have garnered great interest in their potential as a liquid-based molecular self-assembly medium that can produce innovative materials with distinctive criteria that have never been observed in traditional soft materials such as water and solvents. Here, recent advances and practical application of block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly in ILs are discussed focusing on the formation of the microstructure depending on dilute or concentrated BCPs. on the other hand, ion gels prepared from self-assembled BCPs attracted significant interest due to the outstanding tenability features (physical, viscoelasticity, and solution processability) without hindering ILs properties (nonvolatility, nonflammability, and high ionic conductivity). Lastly, the applicability of such technology is already in progress with a great interest seen in electrochemistry, batteries, actuators, electrolyte-gated transistors, and nano-delivery vehicles. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Ionic liquid-hydrogel hybrid material for enhanced electron transfer and sensitivity towards electrochemical detection of methamphetamine

Reliable onsite biosensors for detecting drugs of abuse are of critical importance for the current society. Electrochemical sensors, especially screen-printed electrode (SPE)-based sensors, are a strong candidate for onsite drug detection. Although many SPE-based sensors are being developed, enhancing these tools' sensitivity and analytical capacity is a continuous endeavor. Here, we propose a novel approach for SPE surface modification using a combination of hydrogel, ionic liquid, and specific antibodies to detect methamphetamine in human saliva samples. The hydrogel-ionic liquid (ionogel) was synthesized from gelatin, PEG, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. FTIR and SEM were used to characterize the material before it was applied over a screen-printed gold electrode for electrochemical measurements using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). After optimization, the calibration of the proposed sensor showed a detection range between 5.0 and 1000 ng/mL with a LOD = 0.56 ng/mL in PBS. Application of the sensor with spiked human saliva demonstrated enhanced sensitivity with a LOD = 0.72 ng/mL. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed biosensor demonstrated a coefficient of variance (CV%) reaching 6.92% and 2.53%, respectively. The biosensor showed a high specificity toward methamphetamine compared to other interferents. The current ionogel-based electrochemical immunosensor offers a promising and versatile tool for sensitive onsite detection of substance abuse. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The Republic of Turkey-Ministry of Development supported the infrastructure of EGE MATAL (Ege University/Izmir) via the 2016K121190 grant.Republic of Turkey-Ministry of Development [2016K121190

Nanohybrid carriers: the yin-yang equilibrium between natural and synthetic in biomedicine

ZIHNIOGLU, FIGEN/0000-0001-8216-7004WOS: 000542957800001PubMed: 32484498Nanotechnology has seen an outburst in biomedicine applications through the use of nanoparticles of different sources in therapy and diagnostics. the needs of theranostics evolved through the years for the development of tailored treatments. in this regard, nanocarriers have shown a great impact on the fieldviathe use of natural lipidic vesicles for drug delivery. This breakthrough allowed the medical field to protect the drug from undesired interactions in the bloodstream and lowered the drug load usually given to reach therapeutical doses. Nanocarriers further continued by using block polymers to create more stable structures with higher protection levels of their content. in this review, we introduce both lipidic and polymeric vesicles with their specific characteristics and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type which was taken as a base to introduce the newly known lipid-polymer hybrids that take the advantages from both sides to present an interesting approach to regulate the physicochemical features, pharmacokinetics and other parameters used in tailoring treatments for cancer therapy. in addition, from the many hybrids proposed we have focused our efforts in discussing two major groups that are lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles LPHNs (polymersomes inside liposomes), and capsosomes (liposomes inside polymersomes) showing the many potential benefits of combining lipids and polymers for biomedicine

Lightless catalytic layered chitosan coating film using doped TiO2@metal ions nanoparticles for highly efficient dye degradation in aqueous media and disinfection applications

Chitosan-based materials are widely used in various industries due to their environmental friendliness (biodegradable and non-toxicity) and other antimicrobial properties. Improving the chitosan capacities using additional components such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and other nanoparticles proves beneficial. Here, we propose the combination of chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposites (ChiTiO) with various metal ions (silver, zinc, copper, and iron), forming novel chitosan-based films to improve the capacities of the material further. The ChiTiO-ion metals nanocomposites and films were synthesized and characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The biological activities of the metal-doped formulations showed increased antioxidant activities led by ChiTiO@Ag. Additionally, the methylene blue (MB) dye degradation capabilities were dominated by ChiTiO@Cu. The material showed a higher specificity towards MB than other dyes (methyl orange and bromophenol blue). The photocatalytic degradation at high temperatures (60 degrees C) was faster than at ambient (25 degrees C) and cold (4 degrees C) temperatures. The reusability of the film showed sustained photocatalytic capacities even after three cycles with a low loss of 16.7%. The antimicrobial activities of the films were tested against three pathogens (S. aureus, C. albicans, and P. aeruginosa) under different light conditions. Data showed ChiTiO@Ag with a concentration of 0.5 g composite having the best activity compared with the other materials. The most important finding is the ability of the proposed films to perform their activities without the need for any light activation. Lastly, ChiTiO@ion metals provide promising applications as ambient light packaging materials, coating materials, and photocatalysts.Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Development [2016K121190]The authors thank the Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center (EGE-MATAL) for their infrastructures that allowed the characterizations of the materials prepared in the current work and acknowledge the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Development for providing the support for the infrastructure of EGE MATAL (Ege University/Izmir) via 2016K121190 grant. Dr. Serap Evran and Dr. Umut Mengulluoglu from the Department of Biochemistry (EgeUniversity/Izmir) are thanked for their technical support

Ionic liquids enhancement of hydrogels and impact on biosensing applications

The pursuit of novel materials to enhance specific features and the analytical efficiency of sensors is a hot topic in the biomaterial engineering field. Hydrogels are an important material category that has a good value in biosensing applications due to their immobilization and protection capabilities that enhance their biocompatibility. Progress in development allowed the production of intelligent hydrogel materials that can function as a stimuli-responsive medium in sensing signal actuation. A novel concept in hydrogel-enabled biosensing development is the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) to create unique structures called ionic gels that possess both the intrinsic features of hydrogels and ILs. The current review is a straightforward overview of the two materials (hydrogels and ion gels) with a strong interest in their potential in biosensing applications. A highlight of the most recent and impactful research is analyzed to provide a solid standing reference point for future development.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Zinc enhances carnosine inhibitory effect against structural and functional age-related protein alterations in an albumin glycoxidation model

ZIHNIOGLU, FIGEN/0000-0001-8216-7004WOS: 000574119900001PubMed: 32997290Age-related complications including protein alterations seen in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are a major issue due to their accumulation and deleterious effects. This report aims to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on the anti-glycoxidation activity of carnosine on the in vitro model of albumin-based protein modification. Besides, the therapeutic effect of this combination was tested through the addition of the molecules in tandem (co-treatment) or post initiation (post-treatment) of the protein modification process. Glycation was induced via the addition of glucose to which carnosine (5 mM) alone or with various zinc concentrations (125, 250, and 500 mu M) were added either at 0 h or 24 h post-glycation induction. on the other hand, protein oxidation was induced using chloramine T (20 mM) and treated in the same way with carnosine and zinc. the different markers of glycation (advanced glycation end products (AGEs), dityrosine, and beta-sheet formation (aggregation)) and oxidation (AOPP, advanced oxidation protein products) were estimated via fluorescence and colorimetric assays. Zinc addition induced a significant enhancement of carnosine activity by reducing albumin modification that outperformed aminoguanidine both in the co- and post-treatment protocols. Zinc demonstrated a supplementary effect in combination with carnosine highlighting its potential in the protection against age-related protein modifications processes such as the ones found in diabetes

On the Cyclization of Non-cyclic Peptides for Biological Applications: Inspiration from Naturally Cyclic Peptides

Peptides are unique class of biomolecules for pharmaceutics and industries, given their structural features that can be applied to many approaches. Although their advantages are known, they suffer from some limitations that need to be overcome. Some disadvantages are peptidic conformations' flexibility and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. Research has been in a constant endeavor to provide solutions. The discovery of cyclic peptides in plants opened the door for new insights into peptide-based applications. These peptides display high stability to physical and chemical conditions. They possess a wide range of biological activities. In addition, cyclic peptides shows enhanced activities compared to linear peptides. Thus, the idea of non-cyclic peptide cyclization can be of great use in eliminating issues and improving peptide capabilities. Inspired by the naturally found cyclic peptides, many approaches for synthetic cyclization have been proposed. The current review provides an overall discussion of the available methods for cyclization, applications, and characterization techniques. The present review offers a unique source for colleagues newly exposed to the subject and on the verge of entering the field of cyclic peptides by providing an initiating step covering the essential points needed to be considered around peptide cyclization.This work did not receive any financial support from public, private, or non-profit organizations.This work did not receive any financial support from public, private, or non-profit organizations