The Demand for Pre-School Care: An Aspect of the Problems of the Nigerian Working Mother

One of the changes brought about by the increasing employment of women outside the home is the demand for both custodial and developmental care for their pre-school age children 1. The demand situation for extra-maternal child care in Nigeria seems to be aggravated by the gradual erosion of the traditional resources for extramaternal childcare such as the community of friends and relations, hired nursemaids and servants, and the inadequate provision of extrafamilial institutions such as nurseries and daycare centres. Rather than quantify the demand for extramaternal care for children, this study assesses the childcare arrangements of working mothers and inquires into the existing resources for meeting this demand both within and outside the household. It is concluded that demand for extramaternal childcare of both custodial and developmental nature is not fulfilled by existing resources. Therefore, it is being suggested that an inventory of existing pre-school institutions such as nurseries and daycare centres, programmes for the improvement and expansion of these facilities would facilitate the participation of women in the labour force and their effective contribution to social and economic development

Rural migration and rural development: an exploratory study of return migrants in selected rural communities of Nigeria

An analysis of return migration to rural areas in Nigeria is presented. Data are from a survey of 1,150 households in two villages of the Ishan Division of Bendel State. The characteristics of migrants and nonmigrants are compared, and reasons for return migration are considered. (ANNOTATION

Determinants of labour force participation in Nigeria: The influence of household structure

This study examines, empirically, the influence of household structure on labor market participation in Nigeria, using the data collected by the defunct National Manpower Board in the Nigerian Labour Markket Survey conducted in year 2005. Iin addition to other traditional explanatory variables, the study employs other variables measuring the influence of household characteristics of the studied population in the determination of participation rates. The method of data analysis is two-fold. The first is the descriptive analyses of the characteristics of the labour force in Nigeria, while the second employs both the probabilility and logit regression models in estimating the labour force participation rates. Both methods of analyses were carried out using the SPSS software. The study establishes the relative importance of the household structure in influencing labor force participation of household members while the other traditional economic and socio-demographic variables conform to apriori expectations. In line with the findings, a gender-friendly policy that addresses the constraints facing women’s work and their full participation in the labor market is advocated

Youth Labour Market outcomes in Nigeria: Evidence from National Labour Market Survey

This study examines the determinants of youth unemployment in the Nigerian labour market. The data for this study were obtained from the Labour Force Sample Survey of 2005, carried out by the defunct National Manpower Board. In addition to the descriptive statistics used in the analyses, the binary logistic regression model was employed. The study has empirically confirmed the magnitude of unemployment among the youths in Nigeria and that in 2005 when the data for this study was collected, the youths were more than three times as likely as the adults to be unemployed. The data analysis also enabled the study to identify the basic determinants of youth unemployment. Some of these factors are the formal educational attainment of respondents, region of origin, household status, and household size, among others. Several policy prescriptions to reduce unemployment rate and increase both the participation rate and employment-to-population ratio among the youths in Nigeria were put forward in the paper

The demographic factor in the provision of health facilities in developing countries: the case of Nigeria

Current emphasis on preventive health measures in developing countries such as Nigeria is not often reflected in actual performance of health programmes. It is still common to find that a major proportion of the health budget is expended on the construction of modern hospitals in a few privileged areas such as the major towns and urban centres. This strategy of medical care delivery continues in spite of the demographic situation which makes it virtually impossible for any developing nation to aim at providing adequate hospital-based care for its growing and basically rural population. Therefore, it is being suggested that the existing practice of medical care planning which places an undue emphasis on hospital based care is too expensive and will have to give way to less expensive and comprehensive strategies involving community participation such as health education, nutritional improvement programmes and more reliance on local medical resources

Youth Labour Market outcomes in Nigeria: Evidence from National Labour Market Survey

This study examines the determinants of youth unemployment in the Nigerian labour market. The data for this study were obtained from the Labour Force Sample Survey of 2005, carried out by the defunct National Manpower Board. In addition to the descriptive statistics used in the analyses, the binary logistic regression model was employed. The study has empirically confirmed the magnitude of unemployment among the youths in Nigeria and that in 2005 when the data for this study was collected, the youths were more than three times as likelyas the adults to be unemployed. The data analysis also enabled the study to identify the basic determinants of youth unemployment. Some of these factors are the formal educational attainment of respondents, region of origin, household status, and household size, among others. Several policy prescriptions to reduce unemployment rate and increase both the participation rate and employment-to-population ratio among the youths in Nigeria were put forward in the paper

Issues of South-South Migration: A Case Study of Nigerian Diasporas in Ghana

In spite of the fact that intra and inter-regional migration predates the colonial period in Africa, South-South visà- vis South-North migration has received little attention in the international discourse on migration. Recent investigations are indicating that South-South migration is important in terms of its magnitude. For example, a World Bank study shows that about two-thirds of Sub-Saharan migrants remain within their sub-region with among the highest rates of intra-regional mobility (World Bank, 2011). Beyond this general observation, information is scarce in respect of who these migrants are, their contributions to the development process of the sub-region, their opportunities and challenges within the context of regional economic communities and most importantly the need for appropriate policies and strategies to address the constraints facing this valuable resource. It is evident from our study that Nigerians are engaged in trans-nationalism in the context of intra-regional migration in West Africa. The Nigerian Diasporas in Ghana maintain social, political and most importantly economic linkages with their home country in the process of forming transnational communities. At destination, they are organized along ethnic, religious and professional lines, which are the platforms for their interventions in the home country as remitters of ideas, funds and goods. Their altruistic posture has often served as a major household survival strategy to cushion the negative effects of unemployment, sickness and bad harvests on household members left behind by providing for their basic consumption needs, and meeting the human capital needs of the next generation in terms of education, health care and shelter. For better-off households, remittances provide capital for small businesses and small-scale industries. The collective remittances through Home Town Development and ethnic associations are sources of funding basic infrastructural facilities which benefit all households especially in small communities that may not be benefiting from local government budgets. The evidence from the activities of Nigerian Diasporas in Ghana shows that they, as part of the Nigerian transnationals world-wide, can complement and deepen Nigeria’s efforts at reducing poverty and improving development at local and national levels. Therefore, the government needs to recognize this potential and factor it into its regional cooperation, especially at ECOWAS level in order to address some of the challenges and constraints facing trans-nationals in member states

Impacts of Male Reproductive Health Diseases on Conjugal Satisfaction in Nigeria and Wives’ Coping Strategies

The impact of male reproductive health challenges within the conjugal relationship and their management have not been conspicuous in the literature till date. This study examined the incidence of male reproductive health diseases and conjugal satisfaction among married women in Lagos and Osun States Nigeria. The data for the study were extracted from a 2010 survey of 435 couples in the southwest Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using a combination of univariate and binary logistic. The common male reproductive health challenges identified include erectile dysfunction (10.5%), gonorrhea (12.7%), low sperm count (0.1%), testicular cancer (6.3%), prostate cancer (3.2%) and prostate cancer (1.6%). Where the husbands experience erectile dysfunction, prostate cancer or gonorrhea, the couples are 0.064, 0.898 and 0.583 times (respectively) less likely to enjoy marital satisfaction than where the diseases are absent. It recommends establishment of robust specialized reproductive healthcare services to cater for health needs of men, who may be experiencing sexual problems in order to engender stability in family relationship and Nigeria. The study concludes that marriage counselors, social workers and other health officials need to focus on erectile dysfunction, gonorrhea and prostate cancer as major determinants of sustainable marital satisfaction. Key words: Male reproductive health diseases, sexual, conjugal relationship, coping strategie

Migrations et urbanisation au sud du Sahara: quels impacts sur les politiques de population et de développement?

La première phase du" Programme Population, Migrations, Urbanisation et Développement" du CODESRIA a été intitulée: Population et développement en Afrique". Les travaux effectués dans ce cadre ont été rassemblés dans un livre édité par Edi Jemaï coordonnateur du projet. Le livre publié dans la présente" Série des livres du CODESRIA", aborde le développement économique et social à partir de problèmes démographiques précis. Ainsi, a-t-il été articulé autour de trois thèmes principaux à savoir: celui des migrations internes et internationales en relation avec le phénomène de colonisation des terres en Côte d'Ivoire, au Ghana, au Burkina Faso, au Nigéria et au Sénégal; celui des interactions de la croissance démographique et de la croissance économique en Afrique, et le dernier thème consacré à la mortalité en rapport avec le développement économique. Le présent ouvrage est le produit de la deuxième phase du programme du CODESRIA sus-mentionné, à travers le projet intitulé: Politique de population, migrations, urbanisation et crise des zones rurales en Afrique au Sud du Sahara. En effet, dans le cadre de ce projet, au départ, douze équipes pluridisciplinaires de chercheurs africains ont été constituées pour travailler entre octobre 1986 et juillet 1989 dans onze pays: Burundi, Centre Afrique, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Lesotho, Mali, Nigéria, Sénégal, Sierra Léone, Tanzanie et Zambie