A Case Report of a Successful Allergen Immunotherapy with Candida Albicans in Patient with Sever Atopic Dermatitis Sensitive to Candida Albicans

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, chronic, relapsing, itchy skin disease with an immunologic basis. This disease is associated with itchy skin lesions (pruritus), dry skin (xerosis) and plaques of eczema. The role of aeroallergens, such as house dust mite (HDM) and food allergens has been proven to exacerbate skin eczema lesions. Alongside drugs such as corticosteroids, topical emollients, antihistamines, tacrolimus, and immune suppressants, phototherapy and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) also done. SCIT is mostly using for sensitization to mite allergens.Case Presentation: We present a 30 y/o Iranian woman with severe atopic dermatitis and sensitization to Candida allergens. We initiated SCIT with candida allergen and the patient had obvious improvements in her signs and symptoms 3 months after starting SCIT.Conclusion: Although subcutaneous immunotherapy was only approved for mite sensitization in atopic dermatitis, it should be considered in other aeroallergen sensitizations

Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of Urticaria Control Test (UCT)

The urticaria control test (UCT) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for chronic urticaria (CU) patients. As a Persian version of the UCT was not available, the present research aimed to develop such a version, to test its reliability and validity as well as to evaluate urticaria control among Persian-speaking patients. This research was conducted at the Urticaria Centre of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. In a first step, a linguistically validated Persian version of the UCT was developed through a structured forward and backward translation process and subsequent cognitive debriefing interviews. In a second step, the Persian version of the UCT was completed by 100 well-characterized CU patients together with two anchor instruments, the Chronic Urticaria Quality of life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL) and the urticaria activity score (UAS), to obtain information on its internal consistency reliability and convergent validity. The Persian version of the UCT was found to have acceptable internal consistency reliability with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.68. In addition, the results obtained with the Persian UCT correlated with the CU-Q2oL total score (-0.48, p<0.001) and the UAS (-0.404, p< 0.001), suggesting convergent validity. Virtually all patients had poorly controlled CU (UCT<12). A Persian version of the UCT is now available and may help to improve the assessment and monitoring of disease control in Persian-speaking CU patients and to optimize treatment decisions

The Evolution of Natural Law and its Impact on Construction of Electoral Rights

In spite of its being repetitive, the phrase "natural law" has been used with different meanings and notions. The new meaning of natural law has had important role in foundation of democratic societies in the seventeenth and eighteenth century and is relevant with election rights notion. Therefore the power of the idea of natural law is based upon the fact that it has been essential for the explanation of constitution of modern States and the performance of new political role of people. Hence its substantive trace can be observed in the constitutions of most democratic States and also in some statutes especially in election rights. In fact the democratic election rights in modern societies are based upon the modernized human natural rights and were guaranteed in a lot of constitutions. A lot of human rights categories such as liberty, equality and the right of political participation were used for the justification of democratic election rights and somehow it resulted in survival and dynamism of these notions in literature and legal order of modern age. واژة قانون طبیعی به‌رغم تکراری بودنش در دوره‎های مختلف، حامل معانی و مفاهیم متفاوتی بوده است. معنای نوین قانون طبیعی در قرون هفدهم و هجدهم میلادی در بسترسازی جوامع دموکراتیک نقش بسزایی داشته و با مقوله حقوق انتخابات مرتبط است. لذا قدرت اندیشه قانون طبیعی از این روست که در تبیین ایجاد دولت‎های مدرن و ایفای نقش جدید سیاسی مردم اهمیت بسیاری داشته است. بنابراین رد پای عمیقی از آن در قانون اساسی اغلب کشورهای دموکراتیک و همچنین در بعضی از حقوق موضوعه از جمله حقوق انتخاباتی دیده می‎شود. در واقع حقوق انتخابات دموکراتیک در جوامع مدرن بر مبنای حقوق طبیعی بشر که مدرنیزه شده بود، تحقق یافت و در بسیاری از قوانین اساسی تضمین گردید. بسیاری از مقولات حقوق بشری چون آزادی، برابری، حق مشارکت سیاسی در توجیه حقوق انتخابات دموکراتیک به کار گرفته شد و به نوعی منجر به بقا و پویایی این مفاهیم در ادبیات و نظم حقوقی عصر مدرن گردید

Improving torsional behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite

Three groups of rectangular beams, comprising of sixteen specimens with various amounts of torsional steel reinforcement were tested under pure torsion. Evaluating the effects of various steel torsional reinforcement ratios on the torsional behaviour of the strengthened beams was the objective of this investigation. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet wrappings consisted of different configurations including anchored U-wrapping and full and strip wrappings. The total steel ratios, including longitudinal and transverse reinforcements considered in this study were 1.56%, 2.13%, and 3.03%, respectively. This study indicates that the CFRP contributions to the torsional strength of the strengthened beams, having identical volumetric ratio of CFRP reinforcement are quite dependent on the total amount of torsional reinforcements. The above mentioned CFRP contributions will increase as the steel torsional reinforcement is increased. Experimental results show that increasing the steel reinforcement by 37% and 94%, increases the CFRP contribution to torsional strength by up to 54% and 91% for strengthened beams with one CFRP ply; and by up to 60% and 111% for strengthened beams with two CFRP plies, respectively. In this experimental work, the effect of the number of CFRP plies is also investigated. It is found that the increase in CFRP contribution to torsional strength concerning the beams strengthened by one ply and two plies of CFRP sheets is close for various steel reinforcement ratios, when compared to increasing the total amount of steel reinforcement