Efficient Embedded System Development: A Workbench for an Integrated Methodology

International audienceThe scientific foundations of embedded system development associate two disciplines that have largely grown on their own: computer science and electrical engineering. This superposition of two domains with little common ground raises a number of industrial issues in team work organisation, sound progress tracking, and cooperation between these different skills and cultures. In this paper we introduce HOE², an integrated MDE method for embedded system development that is organised around a set of limited yet powerful artefacts. We describe how HOE² can address the issues faced during development of mixed HW/SW systems and present the first version of a tool dedicated to its instrumentation

PIV Measurements in an Underexpanded Hot Free Jet

International audienceThe objective of the work reported herein is to demonstrate the ability of the PIV technique to provide correct measurements of the velocity field in steady underexpanded hot free jets. A hot-gas generator capable to create jets with an initial diameter of 25 mm, total pressure up to 4 MPa, and total temperature up to 2200 K is presented together with the associated technique of stagnation conditions determination. The implementation of the PIV method is described paying attention to the choice of the PIV system components and to the seeding technique. Experimental results are presented on the observed jet structure and directly measured geometry of the Mach disk. The results on the velocity field are analyzed considering the effect of the kind of seeding particles as well as the jet stagnation conditions. Results from the experiment and numerical simulation are compared to validate the measurements of the velocity field

Code Generation for an Application-Specific VLIW Processor With Clustered, Addressable Register Files

International audienceModern compilers integrate recent advances in compiler construction, intermediate representations, algorithms and programming language front-ends. Yet code generation for appli\-cation-specific architectures benefits only marginally from this trend, as most of the effort is oriented towards popular general-purpose architectures. Historically, non-orthogonal architectures have relied on custom compiler technologies, some retargettable, but largely decoupled from the evolution of mainstream tool flows. Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) architectures have introduced a variety of interesting problems such as clusterization, packetization or bundling, instruction scheduling for exposed pipelines, long delay slots, software pipelining, etc. These have been addressed in the literature, with a focus on the exploitation of Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP). While these are well known solutions already embedded into existing compilers, they rely on common hardware functionalities that are expected to be present in a fairly large subset of VLIW architectures. This paper presents our work on back-end compiler for Mephisto, a high performance low-power application-specific processor, based on LLVM. Mephisto is specialized enough to challenge established code generation solutions for VLIW and DSP processors, calling for an innovative compilation flow. Conversely, even though Mephisto might be seen a somewhat exotic processor, its hardware characteristics such as addressable register files benefit from existing analyses and transformations in LLVM. We describe our model of the Mephisto architecture, the difficulties we encountered, and the associated compilation methods, some of them new and specific to Mephisto

Tool Support for a Method and a Language Integrating Model Refinements and Project Management

International audienceComplexity of Embedded Systeme (ES) development is increasing due of several cumulative sources. Some of them are directly related to constraints on the ES themselves, like computing power, resource constraints, and multi- or many-core programming, while other are related to the industrial context, like teamwork and parallelisation of concurrent development. In this paper we present CanHOE2, a Model Driven Engineering (MDE) tool that addresses two issues of ES development: expression of parallelism by means of objects and Hierarchical State Machines (HSM), and teamwork synchronisation

Entretien entre Daniel Fabre et Christian Hottin : le patrimoine saisi par l’événement

L'entretien apporte un éclairage sur le contexte intellectuel de la genèse du programme de recherche consacré aux émotions patrimoniales. Il donne également des indications sur la perception de ce phénomène par l’administration du patrimoine et sur le rôle joué par la mission du patrimoine ethnologique dans le projet d'observatoire des émotions patrimoniales. Enfin, il permet de mieux comprendre le rôle central de ce projet dans l'ensemble des axes de recherche du LAHIC. Dans l'exploration de l'anthropologie de la culture, la question de l'attribution de la valeur culturelle ou patrimoniale à un élément est essentielle : qui attribue cette valeur et comment est-elle attribuée ? L'observation et la compréhension des mécanismes de tensions à l’œuvre dans les émotions patrimoniales est un mode privilégié d'approche de ces questions.The interview throws some light on the intellectual context at the origins of the research programme devoted to 'heritage emotions'. It also gives some indications on the way this phenomenon is perceived by the heritage administration and on the role played by the mission for the ethnological heritage in the project for an observatory of heritage emotions. Finally, it helps understand the central role of this project in the broader lines of research undertaken by the LAHIC. In the exploration of the anthropology of culture, the question of how cultural or heritage value becomes attached to an element is essential. Who does this attributing and how exactly is the value attributed? The observation and understanding of the mechanisms of tension at work in heritage emotions is a particularly advantageous way of approaching these questions.Durch dieses Gespräch wird ein besonderes Licht auf den intellektuellen Zusammenhang geworfen, der zur Entstehung eines Forschungsprogramms geführt hat, das sich der emotionalen Dimension des Kulturerbes (émotions patrimoniales) widmet . Dieses Gespräch bietet bedeutsame Erläuterungen einerseits über die Aufnahme dieses Phänomens durch die Verwaltung des Kulturerbes, andererseits über den besonderen Einsatz der Mission für das ethnologische Kulturerbe in das Projekt der Überwachung dieser emotionalen Dimension. Schließlich lässt es die zentrale Rolle dieses Projekts in den gesamten Richtlinien der Forschungen des LAHIC (Forschungslabor für Anthropologie und Geschichte der kulturellen Institutionen) besser erkennen. In der anthropologischen Forschung der Kultur geht es außerdem um die wesentliche Frage nach den Kriterien der Zuschreibung des Wertes an ein Kulturerbe. Die Kernfrage lautet : Von wem und wie wird dieser Wert verliehen ? Die Beobachtung und das Verständnis für die internen Spannungen, die die émotions patrimoniales regieren, ermöglichen einen besonders günstigen Zugang zu diesen Fragen

Universal Basic Income versus Unemployment Insurance

In this paper we compare the welfare effects of unemployment insurance (UI) with an universal basic income (UBI) system in an economy with idiosyncratic shocks to employment. Both policies provide a safety net in the face of idiosyncratic shocks. While the unemployment insurance program should do a better job at protecting the unemployed, it suffers from moral hazard and substantial monitoring costs, which may threaten its usefulness. The universal basic income, which is simpler to manage and immune to moral hazard, may represent an interesting alternative in this context. We work within a dynamic equilibrium model with savings calibrated to the United States for 1990 and 2011, and provide results that show that UI beats UBI for insurance purposes because it is better targeted towards those in need

Klebsiella pneumonia strains moderately resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin: characterization of a new β-lactamase

Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 11-03, moderately resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, produces one constitutive β-lactamase with an isoelectric point of 7.10 and a molecular weight of 20,000±500. The enzymatic activity is directed primarily against the penicillins, ampicillin being the best substrate. Some cephalosporins are also hydrolyzed to some extent but the affinity of the enzyme for these antibiotics is low (high Km values). It has not been possible to determine whether the biogenesis of this β-lactamase is mediated by the bacterial chromosome or by a non-transferable plasmid. This β-lactamase appears to be different, on the basis of isoelectricfocusing, from an enzyme produced by the K pneumoniae strain GN422 (Sawal et al, 1973), but similar to the latter in several propertie

Temperature dependence of current density and admittance in metal-insulator-semiconductor junctions with molecular insulator

International audienceElectrical transport in ultrathin Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) tunnel junctions is analyzed using the temperature dependence of current density and admittance characteristics, as illustrated by Hg//C12H25 - n Si junctions incorporating n-alkyl molecular layers (1.45 nm thick) covalently bonded to Si(111). The voltage partition is obtained from J(V, T) characteristics, over eight decades in current. In the low forward bias regime (0.2-0.4 V) governed by thermionic emission, the observed linear T-dependence of the effective barrier height, qΦEFF(T) = qΦB+(kT)β0dT, provides the tunnel barrier attenuation, exp(-β0dT), with β0= 0.93 Å−1 and the thermionic emission barrier height, ΦB = 0.53 eV. In the high-forward-bias regime (0.5-2.0 V), the bias dependence of the tunnel barrier transparency, approximated by a modified Simmons model for a rectangular tunnel barrier, provides the tunnel barrier height, ΦT = 0.5 eV; the fitted prefactor value, G0 = 10−10 Ω−1, is four decades smaller than the theoretical Simmons prefactor for MIM structures. The density distribution of defects localized at the C12H25 - n Si interface is deduced from admittance data (low-high frequency method) and from a simulation of the response time τR(V) using Gomila's model for a non equilibrium tunnel junction. The low density of electrically active defects near mid-gap (DS < 2 × 1011 eV−1.cm−2) indicates a good passivation of dangling bonds at the dodecyl - n Si (111) interface

Longitudinal immunomonitoring following Tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis

Poster presentationInternational audienc