14 research outputs found
Levosimendan Efficacy and Safety: 20 years of SIMDAX in Clinical Use
- Author
- Alain Rudiger
- Alexander A Eremenko
- Alexander Parkhomenko
- Alexander Reinecke
- Alexandre Mebazaa
- Antoine Herpain
- Bojan Vrtovec
- Carsten Tschöpe
- Cândida Fonseca
- Dimitrios Farmakis
- Dirk von Lewinski
- Dominique Bettex
- Dulce Brito
- Fabio Guarracino
- Fabrizio Oliva
- Francesco Fedele
- Gerhard Pölzl
- Gerhard Wikström
- Hynek Riha
- Istvan Édes
- Janek Kubica
- John Parissis
- Josep Comin-Colet
- Josep Masip
- Juan F Delgado
- Julian Alvarez
- Julius-Gyula Papp
- Kristjan Karason
- Leo MA Heunks
- Luigi Tritapepe
- Marisa G Crespo-Leiro
- Markku S Nieminen
- Massimo Girardis
- Matthias Heringlake
- Matti Kivikko
- Pentti Põder
- Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Piero Pollesello
- Robert HG Schwinger
- Simon Matskeplishvili
- Sonja Fruhwald
- Stefan Bouchez
- Sundeep Kaul
- Sven-Erik Ricksten
- Toni Sarapohja
- Tryggve Husebye
- Veli-Pekka Harjola
- Višnja Ivancan
- Vladimir Černý
- Wolfgang Toller
- Zoltán Papp
- Publication venue
- 'Radcliffe Group Ltd'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Levosimendan was first approved for clinic use in 2000, when authorisation was granted by Swedish regulatory authorities for the haemodynamic stabilisation of patients with acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. In the ensuing 20 years, this distinctive inodilator, which enhances cardiac contractility through calcium sensitisation and promotes vasodilatation through the opening of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells, has been approved in more than 60 jurisdictions, including most of the countries of the European Union and Latin America. Areas of clinical application have expanded considerably and now include cardiogenic shock, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, advanced heart failure, right ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension, cardiac surgery, critical care and emergency medicine. Levosimendan is currently in active clinical evaluation in the US. Levosimendan in IV formulation is being used as a research tool in the exploration of a wide range of cardiac and non-cardiac disease states. A levosimendan oral form is at present under evaluation in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. To mark the 20 years since the advent of levosimendan in clinical use, 51 experts from 23 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and Ukraine) contributed to this essay, which evaluates one of the relatively few drugs to have been successfully introduced into the acute heart failure arena in recent times and charts a possible development trajectory for the next 20 years
Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials
- Author
- Aaronson Keith
- Abadier Rafik
- Abbasi Siddique A.
- Abdullah Shuaib
- Abelson Mark
- Abhayaratna Walter
- Ablasser Klemens
- Aboyans Victor
- Abo‐Auda Wael
- Abuannadi Mohammad
- Adams Kirkwood
- Adams Kirkwood F.
- Adhya Shaumik
- Adler Alexander
- Aggarwala Gaurav
- Agostoni Piergiuseppe
- Ahmad Saad
- Aiub Jorge Roberto
- Al Mohammad Abdallah
- Alharethi Rami
- Alieksieieva Liudmyla
- Almeida Filipa
- Almousalli Omar
- Amano Tetsuya
- Amanullah Aman
- Ambardekar Amrut
- Amerena John
- Anand Inder
- Anderson William
- Ando Kenji
- Andreka Peter
- Antalik Lubomir
- Aradi Daniel
- Araiza Raul Reyes
- Arbolishvili Georgy
- Ariani Mehrdad
- Arias‐Mendoza Alexandra
- Arora Raveen
- Arroyo Julian Alonso Coronel
- Artis Andre
- Asakura Masanori
- Asano Hiroshi
- Ashcom Thomas
- Aslam Shamaila
- Asubiaro Joshua
- Atherton John
- Avaca Horacio Alberto
- Babapulle Mohan
- Bacal Fernando
- Badak Ozer
- Badariene Jolita
- Badat Aysha
- Baker Mathue
- Balsam Pawel
- Banerji Sourin
- Barbarash Olga
- Barbetseas Ioannis
- Barr Craig
- Barros e Silva Pedro Gabriel Melo
- Barua Rajat
- Bauerlein Eugene Joseph
- Baweja Paramdeep
- Bednarkiewicz Zbigniew
- Beelen Driek
- Begg Alistair
- Bekar Lutfu
- Belenkiy Dmitriy
- Belohlavek Jan
- Beltrame John
- Berdague Philippe
- Berglund Stefan
- Berk Martin
- Berkowski Piotr
- Berra Fernando Colombo
- Bertolet Barry
- Besada Diego Alejandro
- Beug Daniel
- Bezzegh Katalin
- Bhagwat Ravi
- Bhargava Rakesh
- Biering‐Sørensen Tor
- Bilato Claudio
- Blicharski Tomasz
- Boccalandro Fernando
- Boehm Michael
- Boehmer John
- Bogaev Roberta
- Bolshakova Olga
- Boman Kurt
- Bonderman Diana
- Bonet Luis Almenar
- Bonfanti Alberto Cadena
- Bordonava Anselmo Paulino
- Bostick Brian
- Boswijk Dirk
- Bourgeois Ronald
- Bourhaial Hakima
- Bouza Manuel
- Braga Joao Carlos
- Brasca Daniela Garcia
- Brinkley Douglas
- Brito Dulce
- Brunetti Natale Daniele
- Bruno Marco Raul Litvak
- Bu Peili
- Burgess Lesley
- Busak Ladislav
- Buynak Robert
- Buysschaert Ian
- Bykov Alexander
- Böhm Michael
- Caccavo Alberto
- Canesin Manoel
- Cardona Jose
- Cardoso Juliano
- Carluccio Erberto
- Carrasco Jose Alfredo Pagola
- Carson Peter
- Castillo Armando Garcia
- Cavallini Claudio
- Cavusoglu Yuksel
- Cech Vladimir
- Celik Ahmet
- Celutkiene Jelena
- Cepelak Michal
- Cerci Rodrigo Julio
- Chandra Lokesh
- Chandrasekaran Badrinathan
- Chang David
- Chaves Renato
- Chehayeb Raja
- Cheirif Jorge
- Chen Guoqin
- Chen Jiyan
- Chmielak Zbigniew
- Chouchane Iman
- Chung Eugene
- Cid Maria Cristina Schnettler
- Civitello Andrew
- Clark Andrew
- Cleland John G.F.
- Clifford Piers
- Coletti Andrew
- Collins John
- Colque Roberto
- Constance Christian
- Contreras Johanna
- Corbalan Ramon
- Corbalan Ramon
- Correa Luis Eduardo Echeverria
- Corredor Miguel Alfredo Moncada
- Cosansu Kahraman
- Costa‐Vitali Atilio
- Cotarlan Vladimir
- Coufal Zdenek
- Cox Jeremy
- Crespo‐Leiro Maria G.
- Cruz Kimberly
- Cubero Javier Segovia
- Cui Hanbin
- Cymerman Krzysztof
- Dahlström Ulf
- Damy Thibaud
- Dauber Ira
- De Geeter Guillaume
- De los Rios Ibarra Manuel Odin
- De Pasquale Carmine
- Decoulx Eric
- Demir Mesut
- Desai Pratik
- Diaz Rafael
- Diaz Rafael
- Diaz Victor Alfonso Jimenez
- Dib Nabil
- Diez Mirta
- Dimov Bojidar
- Doblas Juan Jose Gomez
- Doi Masayuki
- Domae Hiroshi
- Donal Erwan
- Dong Yugang
- Donnelly Patrick
- Dorobantu Maria
- Dovgolis Svetlana
- Doyle Timothy
- Drexel Heinz
- Dronov Dmitry
- Droogne Walter
- Drozdz Jaroslaw
- Duarte Tatiana
- Duengen Hans‐Dirk
- Dujardin Karl
- Dupont Matthias
- Duran Ruben Omar Garcia
- Duzenli Mehmet
- Dzupina Andrej
- Eaton Charles
- Ebato Mio
- Ebelt Henning
- Eberly Arthur
- Ebner Christian
- Echeverria Correa Luis E.
- Elliott James
- Elmahi Einas
- Elvan Arif
- Esperon Guillermo Antonio Llamas
- Ezekowitz Justin
- Ezhov Marat
- Fang James
- Fang James C.
- Farris Neil
- Feitell Scott
- Felker G. Michael
- Fernandez Alberto
- Fernando Ronald
- Ferraz Almir
- Figal Domingo Andres Pascual
- Filho Otavio Coelho
- Filho Pedro Pimentel
- Filippatos Gerasimos
- Fisher Daniel
- Florea Viorel
- Flores Ana Maria De Leon
- Floresta Agata Marina
- Fonseca Candida
- Fonseca Cândida
- Forman Steven
- Forster Tamas
- Fortes Jose Augusto Ribas
- Fourie Nyda
- Franchi Francesco
- Frank Theodore
- Frankenstein Lutz
- Freire Ramon Bover
- Fremont Richard
- French John
- Friedman Keith
- Frigerio Maria
- Friz Hernan Emilio Francisco Polo
- Fu Xin
- Fucili Alessandro
- Fuente Galan Luis
- Fuente Ricardo Alfonso Leon
- Fujii Kenshi
- Fujii Shigeru
- Fujiwara Wakaya
- Fukuzawa Shigeru
- Fulop Peter
- Gabriel George
- Gajardo Victor Areli Saavedra
- Galinier Michel
- Ganeshram Vedampattu
- Ganji Jagadeesh
- Garrido Marcelo Alejandro
- Gass Alan
- Gaudet Daniel
- Geltman Edward
- Gemignani Anthony
- Genth‐Zotz Sabine
- Georges Jean‐Louis
- Giamouzis Grigorios
- Gianfagna Robert
- Giannetti Nadia
- Gilmore Richard
- Giorgeto Flavio Eduardo
- Giraldo Clara Ines Saldarriaga
- Giuca Alina
- Giudici Vittorio
- Glover Jason
- Gogia Harinder
- Gohara Seiichiro
- Gola Zbigniew
- Goloshchekin Boris
- Goncalvesova Eva
- Goncalvesova Eva
- Goncharov Ivan
- Gonsorcik Jozef
- Gonzalez Ricardo Garcia
- Gonzalez Salvador Leon
- Gordon Brian
- Gorodeski Eiran
- Gottlieb Stephen
- Goudev Assen
- Goudev Assen R.
- Gray Wayne
- Grazette Luanda
- Greco Oswaldo
- Grewal Gurinder
- Groote Pascal De
- Gueffet Jean‐Pierre
- Guerrero Rodolfo Andres Ahuad
- Gupta Dinesh
- Gupta Milan
- Guray Umit
- Haddad Tariq
- Haehling Stephan
- Hajko Erik
- Hal John
- Halpern Stephen
- Hametz Craig
- Hamilton Andrew
- Han Qinghua
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- Handel Franklin
- Hara Hisao
- Harris John
- Hart Hamish
- Hart Terence
- Hartleib Michael
- Hasni Syed
- Hata Yoshiki
- Hattler Brack
- Hearne Steven
- Hedgepeth Chester
- Heilman Karl
- Heitner John
- Henderson David
- Herczeg Bela
- Hermans Walter
- Herzog William
- Hidaka Takayuki
- Hidalgo Mario Yanez
- Higashino Yorihiko
- Hiroi Shitoshi
- Hominal Miguel Angel
- Horacek Thomas
- Houra Marek
- Houston Brian
- Howlett Jonathan G.
- Huang He
- Huber Kurt
- Huelsmann Martin
- Hullin Roger
- Hunter Vernon
- Huynh Thao
- Ibañez Julio
- Ibrahim Hassan
- Indolfi Ciro
- Inomata Takayuki
- Iseki Harukazu
- Ishikawa Masahiro
- Isnard Richard
- Isshiki Takaaki
- Itchhaporia Dipti
- Ito Hiroshi
- Jackson Bruce
- Jacob Binu
- Jadbabaie Farid
- Jaeger Cristiano Pederneiras
- Jaffrani Naseem
- Jalaf Margarita Gertrudis Vejar
- Janik Matthew
- Jankowski Piotr
- Janmohamed Munir
- Jarasuniene Dalia
- Jattin Fernando Manzur
- Javier Julian
- Jeppesen Jorgen
- Jerabek Ondrej
- Jimenez Juan Francisco Delgado
- Jofre Christian Paolo Pincetti
- Jondeau Guillaume
- Jones Alonzo
- Joseph Susan
- Juanatey Jose Ramon Gonzalez
- Judkins Christopher
- Kadel Christoph
- Kadokami Toshiaki
- Kafara Mariusz
- Kai Hisashi
- Kaiser‐Nielsen Peter
- Kajinami Kouji
- Kalarus Zbigniew
- Kalecinska‐Krystkiewicz Ewa
- Kalra Paul
- Kaluski Edo
- Kanda Junji
- Kania Grzegorz
- Kao John
- Karavidas Apostolos
- Karim Amin
- Karlstrom Patric
- Karpenko Oleksandr
- Karvounis Haralambos
- Kasai Toshio
- Kassiotis Christos
- Katz Richard
- Kawakami Hideo
- Kawamitsu Katsunori
- Kawasaki Tomohiro
- Kazemi Navid
- Kazinczy Rita
- Kearney Leighton
- Keeling Philip
- Kellnerova Ivana
- Khalife Wissam
- Kida Keisuke
- Killat Holger
- Kindel Carlos Conejeros
- King Anthony
- Kirma Cevat
- Kitaoka Hiroaki
- Klimsa Zdenek
- Klug Eric
- Kobalava Zhanna
- Kochiadakis George
- Koga Tokushi
- Koike Akihiro
- Koizumi Tomomi
- Koldas Zehra Lale
- Koleckar Pavel
- Komiyama Nobuyuki
- Kondo Nicholas
- Konieczynska Malgorzata
- Kono Alan
- Koo Charles
- Kopaczewski Jerzy
- Korczyk Dariusz
- Koren Michael
- Korzh Oleksii
- Kosmacheva Elena
- Kostenko Viktor
- Kotelnikov Mikhail
- Kowalski Robert
- Kracz Igor
- Krantz Mori
- Krishnamoorthy Arun
- Krupicka Jiri
- Kryza Radim
- Kubota Toru
- Kulibaba Elena
- Kulynych Oleksii
- Kurtz Christopher E.
- Kwan Michael
- Lader Ellis
- Lakatos Ferenc
- Lakshminarayanan Batlagundu
- Lancellotti Patrizio
- Lanfear David E.
- Lang Chim
- Lang Christopher
- Laperche Thierry
- Laszlo Zoltan
- Leaes Paulo Ernesto
- Lefebvre Jean‐Marie
- Legg Jason C.
- Leiro Maria Generosa Crespo
- Lelonek Malgorzata
- Lenartowska Lucyna
- Lenner Egon
- Leon Jose Luis Arenas
- Leonardi Sergio
- Lepor Norman
- LeWinter Martin
- Lewis Neil
- Li Dongye
- Li Jianjun
- Li Tianfa
- Li Weimin
- Li Yinjun
- Li Zhangquan
- Li Zhaoping
- Lighezan Daniel
- Lindholm Carl‐Johan
- Linssen Gerardus
- Liu Feng
- Llamas Edmundo Alfredo Bayram
- Llerena Sara
- Lohr Nicole
- Londono Juan
- Lopez Gabriel Arturo Ramos
- Lopez Luis Horacio Atehortua
- Lopez Rodrigo Botero
- Lovell Charles
- Ludman Andrew
- Luengas Carlos Alberto
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- Macdonald Peter
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- Mamdani Shafiq
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- Manenti Euler Roberto Fernandes
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- Mareev Vyacheslav
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- Metra Marco
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- Mi Yafei
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- Oliveira Luis
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- Parissis John
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- Parkhomenko Oleksandr
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- Ramires Felix J. A.
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- Sugino Hiroshi
- Sulemanjee Nasir
- Sun Yuemin
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- Suter Thomas
- Suter Thomas M.
- Suzuki Masahiro
- Sverdlov Aaron
- Sweitzer Nancy
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- Taggeselle Jens
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- Takahashi Natsuki
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- Takenaka Takashi
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- Tatebe Shunsuke
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- Vijay Nampalli
- Vilamajo Oscar Alberto Gomez
- Vilchez Francisco Gonzalez
- Villani Giovanni Quinto
- Villoch Mario
- Villota Julio Eduardo Nuñez
- Vinanska Daniela
- Vincenzi Antonella
- Vinereanu Dragos
- Vinereanu Dragos
- Vishnevsky Alexander
- Voevoda Mikhail
- Vogel Daniel
- Voicu Olga‐Cristina
- Volterrani Maurizio
- Voors Adriaan
- Voors Adriaan A.
- Voronkov Leonid
- Vraa Soren
- Wada Atsuyuki
- Wahid Faisal
- Wal Ruud
- Wang Yi
- Wang Zhifang
- Watanabe Naoki
- Wei Yu
- Weir Robin
- Westenfeld Ralf
- Wheeler Matthew
- Whellan David
- Wiggers Henrik
- Wilkett Matt
- Willems Frank
- Williams Celeste
- Wlodarczyk Aleksander
- Wodlin Peter
- Wong Kenneth
- Wozakowska‐Kaplon Beata
- Wu Weiheng
- Yagensky Andriy
- Yamamoto Mitsutaka
- Yan Jing
- Yang Ping
- Yang Xuming
- Yang Zhenyu
- Yeoman Gary
- Yigit Zerrin
- Yilmaz Mehmet B.
- Yoshida Takeshi
- Yoshikawa Masaki
- Yousuf Kabir
- Yuan Zuyi
- Yuge Masaru
- Zabowka Maciej
- Zaca Valerio
- Zaidman Cesar
- Zanetti Fernando Tomas Lanas
- Zannad Faiez
- Zapata Gerardo
- Zdrenghea Dumitru
- Zeman Kamil
- Zeymer Uwe
- Zhang Jinguo
- Zhang Lily
- Zhang Shouyan
- Zhang Xuelian
- Zhang Yuhui
- Zhang Yuqing
- Zheng Yang
- Zheng Zhe
- Zhou Changyong
- Zieroth Shelley
- Zilahi Zsolt
- Zimmet Hendrik
- Zolty Ronald
- Zrazhevskiy Konstantin
- Zwaan Coenraad
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 01/11/2020
- Field of study
Aims:
The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials.
Methods and Results:
Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594).
Conclusions:
GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation
Moving foward and beyond the standard through a non-operative management in rectal cancer? Our watch and wait approach experience in Co-Recto.
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda en la Argentina. Resultados de un estudio prospectivo en 23 centros
- Author
- Alberto Ferreres
- Andrés Fraile
- Carlos Ocampo
- Diego Zartarian
- Fabio Leiro
- Fernando Troubul
- Gustavo Kohan
- Gustavo Stork
- Hugo García
- Hugo Zandalazini
- Jorge Latif
- José Mercade
- Lorena Perna
- Luis Buonomo
- Mariano Tolino
- Pablo Capitanich
- Pablo Sisco
- Patricio Rainone
- Paul Lada
- Roberto Klappenbach
- Sandra Basso
- Sebastián Álvarez
- Silvia Gutiérrez
- Tomas Lanceloti
- Victor Serafini
- Publication venue
- Sociedad Argentina de Gastroenterologia
- Publication date
- 01/01/2015
- Field of study
En la Argentina no existen trabajos multicéntricos que eva-lúen el manejo de los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda (PA)a nivel nacional.Objetivos.El objetivo principal de estetrabajo es conocer el manejo de los pacientes con PA en la Argentina. El objetivo secundario es evaluar si los resultadosobtenidos cumplen con los postulados de la Guía Internacio-nal del Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología.Material ymétodos.Participaron 23 centros que ingresaron, en formaprospectiva y consecutiva, a todos los pacientes con diagnós-tico de PA a una base de datos alojada en Internet desdejunio de 2010 a junio de 2013.Resultados.Ingresaron alestudio 854 pacientes (495 mujeres, 58%), edad mediana:47 años (rango: 15-91). La causa más frecuente de PA fue labiliar (88,2%), en el 99% de los pacientes se utilizó un sis-tema pronóstico, el más frecuente fue el de Ranson (74,5%). Fueron clasificados como PA leves 714 pacientes (83,6%) yPA graves 140 (16,4%). Se registraron 43 complicacionessistémicas y 21 locales. A 86 pacientes se les realizó tomogra-fía dinámica y se registraron 73 pacientes con necrosis pan-creática y/o peripancreática. La mortalidad fue de 1,5%. Nohubo diferencia en la mortalidad en relación al volumen,complejidad o afiliación del centro. El cumplimiento de lasprincipales recomendaciones de la guía del Colegio America-no de Gastroenterología fue superior al 80%.Conclusiones.El diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los pacientes con PA en 23centros de salud distribuidos en todo el país fueron óptimos.El manejo cumple con la mayoría de las recomendaciones dela Guía del Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología
Levosimendan Efficacy and Safety: 20 years of SIMDAX in Clinical Use.
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Levosimendan was first approved for clinic use in 2000, when authorisation was granted by Swedish regulatory authorities for the haemodynamic stabilisation of patients with acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. In the ensuing 20 years, this distinctive inodilator, which enhances cardiac contractility through calcium sensitisation and promotes vasodilatation through the opening of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells, has been approved in more than 60 jurisdictions, including most of the countries of the European Union and Latin America. Areas of clinical application have expanded considerably and now include cardiogenic shock, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, advanced heart failure, right ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension, cardiac surgery, critical care and emergency medicine. Levosimendan is currently in active clinical evaluation in the US. Levosimendan in IV formulation is being used as a research tool in the exploration of a wide range of cardiac and non-cardiac disease states. A levosimendan oral form is at present under evaluation in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. To mark the 20 years since the advent of levosimendan in clinical use, 51 experts from 23 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and Ukraine) contributed to this essay, which evaluates one of the relatively few drugs to have been successfully introduced into the acute heart failure arena in recent times and charts a possible development trajectory for the next 20 years
Low Rectal Cancer: The Great Challenge for the Multidisciplinary Team—Contributions from High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Correct Therapeutic Approach
- Author
- A Dieguez
- A Habr-Gama
- A Habr-Gama
- A Nissan
- Adriana Dieguez
- AS Scheer
- B O'Neill
- C Hunter
- EL Bokey
- F Köckerling
- F Taylor
- F Taylor
- F Taylor
- F Taylor
- Fabio Leiro
- G Brown
- G Salerno
- G Salerno
- G Salerno
- G Salerno
- GA Porter
- ID Nagtegaal
- J Evans
- JP Gerard
- M Maas
- MERCURY Study Group
- MR Weiser
- N Dehni
- NA Janjan
- NP West
- NP West
- OC Shihab
- OC Shihab
- OC Shihab
- OC Shihab
- P Das
- P Hermanek
- P Hermanek
- P Quirke
- P Rouanet
- PJ Guillou
- PS Kao
- R Chamlou
- R Marr
- RJ Heald
- RJ Heald
- RJ Heald
- S Burton
- S Nougaret
- S Zaheer
- SK Yu
- T Holm
- UB Patel
- UB Patel
- UB Patel
- WE Enker
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure
- Author
- A Alan Chu
- A Shekhar Pandey
- Aaron Sverdlov
- Abbasi S. A.
- Abdallah Al Mohammad
- Abdul Al-Hesayen
- Adams K. F.
- Adnan Malik
- Adriaan Voors
- Adrian Shandling
- Agata Marina Floresta
- Ahmet Celik
- Ailiman Mahemuti
- Aize van der Sluis
- Akihiro Koike
- Akihiro Nakamura
- Akihiro Terasawa
- Alan Gass
- Alan Kono
- Alan Meholick
- Alberto Caccavo
- Alberto Cadena Bonfanti
- Alberto Esteban Bazzoni Ruiz
- Alberto Fernandez
- Alberto Margonato
- Aldo Prado
- Alejandro Recio Mayoral
- Aleksander Wlodarczyk
- Aleksandra Manolova
- Alessandro Fucili
- Alex Mauricio Villablanca Sepulveda
- Alexander Adler
- Alexander Bykov
- Alexander Parkhomenko
- Alexander Sherenkov
- Alexander Timofeev
- Alexander Vishnevsky
- Alexandr Schee
- Alexandra Arias Mendoza
- Alexandre Tognon
- Alexey Repin
- Alicia Contreras Rodriguez
- Alina Giuca
- Alisdair Ryding
- Alistair Begg
- Almir Ferraz
- Alonzo Jones
- Amal Muthumala
- Aman Amanullah
- Amarinder Bindra
- Amin Karim
- Amin Yehya
- Amit Shah
- Amrut Ambardekar
- Ana Maria De Leon Flores
- Anand I.
- Anays Santana Izquierdo
- Andras Papp
- Andre Artis
- Andrea Mortara
- Andrej Dzupina
- Andres Iñiguez Romo
- Andrew Boyle
- Andrew Civitello
- Andrew Clark
- Andrew Coletti
- Andrew Hamilton
- Andrew Ludman
- Andrew Sauer
- Andrew Sindone
- Andriy Yagensky
- Andrzej Rynkiewicz
- Aniko Papp
- Anil Shah
- Anna Paszczuk
- Anna Stankiewicz
- Anselmo Paulino Bordonava
- Anthony Gemignani
- Anthony King
- Antonella Vincenzi
- Antonio Juan Castro Fernandez
- Antonio Lara Padron
- Apostolos Karavidas
- Arias-Mendoza A.
- Arif Elvan
- Arman Postadzhiyan
- Armando Garcia Castillo
- Arnold Seto
- Arthur Eberly 3rd
- Arun Krishnamoorthy
- Arunima Misra
- Assad Mouhaffel
- Assen Goudev
- Athanasios Manolis
- Atilio Costa-Vitali
- Atsushi Hirayama
- Atsutoshi Takagi
- Atsuyuki Wada
- Attila Mohacsi
- Aurelio Ortiz
- Aysha Badat
- Badrinathan Chandrasekaran
- Balgit Chhokar
- Barbara Pisani
- Barna Szabo
- Barry Bertolet
- Barry H Greenberg
- Barry Uretsky
- Batlagundu Lakshminarayanan
- Beat Knusel
- Beata Wozakowska-Kaplon
- Beatriz Diaz Molina
- Bela Herczeg
- Bela Merkely
- Benjamin Trichon
- Bhola Rama
- Biering-Sorensen T.
- Binoy Skaria
- Binu Jacob
- Bohm M.
- Bojidar Dimov
- Bonderman D.
- Boris Goloshchekin
- Bozena Sobkowicz
- Brack Hattler
- Bradley Weinberg
- Brenda Lemus
- Brenda Peart
- Brian Bostick
- Brian Claggett
- Brian Gordon
- Brian Houston
- Bruce Jackson
- Bruce Sussex
- Bruno Paolino
- Candida Fonseca
- Carl-Johan Lindholm
- Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Carlos Alberto Luengas
- Carlos Arrieta Garcia
- Carlos Conejeros Kindel
- Carlos Poy
- Carmine De Pasquale
- Carol Davila
- Carsten Schmalfuss
- Celeste Williams
- Cesar Zaidman
- Cevat Kirma
- CezarEugen Macarie
- Changyong Zhou
- Charles Eaton
- Charles Koo
- Charles Lovell
- Charles Treasure
- Chavdar Velikov
- Chester Hedgepeth
- Chiara Melloni
- Chim Lang
- Christian Constance
- Christian Ebner
- Christian Mueller
- Christian Paolo Pincetti Jofre
- Christoph Kadel
- Christopher E Kurtz
- Christopher Judkins
- Christopher Lang
- Christopher Pickett
- Christopher Rowan
- Christopher Vaccari
- Christos Kassiotis
- Ciro Indolfi
- Claire Varin
- Clara Ines Saldarriaga Giraldo
- Claudia Raineri
- Claudio Bilato
- Claudio Cavallini
- Claudio Rodolfo Majul
- Cleland J. G. F.
- Coenraad van der Zwaan
- Constantin Militaru
- Corbalan R.
- Craig Barr
- Craig Hametz
- Crespo-Leiro M. G.
- Cristian Gheorghe Podoleanu
- Cristiano Pederneiras Jaeger
- Cristina Danila
- Csaba Salamon
- Dahlstrom U.
- Dalia Jarasuniene
- Dallas Price
- Dalton McLean
- Daniel Aradi
- Daniel Beug
- Daniel Fisher
- Daniel Gaudet
- Daniel Lenihan
- Daniel Lighezan
- Daniel Pauly
- Daniel Savard
- Daniel Vogel
- Daniela Garcia Brasca
- Daniela Pini
- Daniela Vinanska
- Dariusz Korczyk
- David Chang
- David F Kong
- David Henderson
- David Lanfear
- David Murray
- David Rawitscher
- David Schultz
- David Stepek
- David Whellan
- Debashis Roy
- Deddo Moertl
- Denis-Carl Phaneuf
- Dennis Rupka
- Deovrat Singh
- Devesh Patel
- Diana Bonderman
- Diaz R.
- Diego Alejandro Besada
- Diego Felipe Martinez
- Dimitrios Tziakas
- Dinesh Gupta
- Dipti Itchhaporia
- Dirk Boswijk
- Dirk Lok
- Dirk Schellings
- Dmitriy Belenkiy
- Dmitry Dronov
- Dmytro Reshotko
- Domenico Bonaduce
- Domingo Andres Pascual Figal
- Dongye Li
- Donna Mancini
- Dora Ines Molina de Salazar
- Douglas Brinkley
- Douglas Martel
- Douglas Sawyer
- Dragos Vinereanu
- Driek Beelen
- Dulce Brito
- Dumitru Zdrenghea
- Echeverria L. E.
- Edmundo Alfredo Bayram Llamas
- Edo Kaluski
- Eduardo Perna
- Eduardo Salcido Vazquez
- Edward Geltman
- Edward Portnay
- Egon Lenner
- Eileen O'Meara
- Einas Elmahi
- Eiran Gorodeski
- Elena Cowan
- Elena Kosmacheva
- Elena Kulibaba
- Elena Shutemova
- Ellis Lader
- Elvin Kedhi
- Erberto Carluccio
- Eric Decoulx
- Eric Klug
- Erik Hajko
- Ersel Onrat
- Ertugrul Okuyan
- Erwan Donal
- Eugene Chung
- Eugene Joseph Bauerlein
- Euler Roberto Fernandes Manenti
- Eva Goncalvesova
- Eva Peterfai
- Ewa Kalecinska-Krystkiewicz
- Ewa Straburzynska-Migaj
- Fabiana Rollini
- Fabio Silveira
- Fady I Malik
- Faiez Zannad
- Faisal Wahid
- Fang J. C.
- Farid Jadbabaie
- Felice Achilli
- Felix Ramires
- Feng Liu
- Ferenc Lakatos
- Fernando Bacal
- Fernando Boccalandro
- Fernando Colombo Berra
- Fernando Manzur Jattin
- Fernando Soto Loureiro
- Fernando Tomas Lanas Zanetti
- Filipa Almeida
- Filippatos G.
- Flavio Brito
- Flavio Eduardo Giorgeto
- Florence Rothenberg
- Florin Mitu
- Fonseca C.
- Fragkiskos Parthenakis
- Francesco Franchi
- Francisco Gonzalez Vilchez
- Francois Roubille
- Frank McGrew
- Frank Smart
- Frank Willems
- Franklin Handel
- François Picard
- Freny Mody
- Friedrich Fruhwald
- Fumi Yamamoto
- G Michael Felker
- Gabriel Arturo Ramos Lopez
- Gabriela Stanciulescu
- Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek
- Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Garth Vaz
- Gary Yeoman
- Gaurav Aggarwala
- Georg Noll
- George Gabriel
- George Kochiadakis
- George Marzouka
- George Sokos
- Georgi Todorov
- Georgiy Dzyak
- Georgy Arbolishvili
- Gerardo Zapata
- Gerardus Linssen
- Gerasimos Filippatos
- Gerhard Poelzl
- Geza Lupkovics
- Giancarlo Piovaccari
- Gianfranco Sinagra
- Gianpiero Perna
- Gilmar Reis
- Gintare Sakalyte
- Giovanni Geronilla
- Giovanni Quinto Villani
- Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Giuseppe Musumeci
- Glenn Hamroff
- Goncalvesova E.
- Gordon Moe
- Gordon Reeves
- Goudev A. R.
- Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo
- Gregory Sampognaro
- Gregory Szto
- Gregory Thomas
- Grigorios Giamouzis
- Grzegorz Kania
- Grzegorz Skonieczny
- Guillaume De Geeter
- Guillaume Jondeau
- Guillermo Antonio Llamas Esperon
- Guoqin Chen
- Gurinder Grewal
- Gurusher Panjrath
- Gustavo Francisco Mendez Machado
- Guy Proulx
- Gyula Szasz
- Hakima Bourhaial
- Hal Skopicki
- Hamish Hart
- Hanbin Cui
- Hans Vandekerckhove
- Hans-Dirk Duengen
- Haralambos Karvounis
- Harinder Gogia
- Harukazu Iseki
- Hassan Ibrahim
- He Huang
- Heinz Drexel
- Hendrik Zimmet
- Henning Ebelt
- Henricus Van Kesteren
- Henrik Wiggers
- Henry Dargie
- Henry Ooi
- Hernan Emilio Francisco Polo Friz
- Hideki Ueno
- Hideo Izawa
- Hideo Kawakami
- Hideyuki Tsuboi
- Hiroaki Kitaoka
- Hiroaki Kiyokawa
- Hiroki Uehara
- Hiroshi Asano
- Hiroshi Domae
- Hiroshi Ito
- Hiroshi Meno
- Hiroshi Sugino
- Hiroshi Takaishi
- Hiroyuki Kawata
- Hisao Hara
- Hisashi Kai
- Holger Killat
- Honarpour N.
- Horacio Alberto Avaca
- Howlett J. G.
- Hugo Luquez
- Huifang Tang
- Ian Buysschaert
- Ibrahim Haldun Muderrisoglu
- Ichiro Michishita
- Ignacio Mackinnon
- Igor Kraiz
- Igor Motylev
- Igor Vakaliuk
- Iman Chouchane
- Imre Szakal
- Inder Anand
- Inder Singh
- Ioannis Barbetseas
- Ioannis Mantas
- Ioannis Styliadis
- Ira Dauber
- Irina Osipova
- Irina Semenova
- Iurii Rudyk
- Ivan Goncharov
- Ivan Majercak
- Ivana Kellnerova
- Ivaylo Vasilev
- Ivo Petrov
- Ivo Podpera
- J Dedrick Jordan
- J Russell Strader
- Jacob Eifer Moller
- Jacob Van Eck
- Jadwiga Nessler
- Jagadeesh Ganji
- James Elliott
- James Fang
- James L Januzzi
- James Rider
- James Watts
- Jan Belohlavek
- Jan Stevlik
- Jana Lukacova
- Janka Skrobakova
- Janos Tomcsanyi
- Janusz Spyra
- Jaroslaw Drozdz
- Jaroslaw Trebacz
- Jason C Legg
- Jason Glover
- Jasper Trevelyan
- Javed Butler
- Javier Segovia Cubero
- Javier Vasallo
- Jean Etienne Ricci
- Jean-Louis Georges
- Jean-Marie Lefebvre
- Jean-Michel Tartiere
- Jean-Noel Trochu
- Jean-Pierre Gueffet
- Jeffrey Martindale
- Jelena Celutkiene
- Jenica N Upshaw
- Jennifer Cook
- Jens Taggeselle
- Jeremy Cox
- Jeroen Schaap
- Jerzy Kopaczewski
- Jianjun Li
- Jindrich Spinar
- Jing Li
- Jing Yan
- Jinguo Zhang
- Jiri Krupicka
- Jiyan Chen
- Joao Carlos Braga
- Joaquin Martinez-Arraras
- Johanna Contreras
- Johannes Remmen
- John Amerena
- John Andrew Morrow
- John Atherton
- John Beltrame
- John Boehmer
- John Cleland
- John Collins
- John Corbelli
- John French
- John Groarke
- John Harris
- John Heitner
- John J V McMurray
- John Kao
- John Mignone
- John Murray
- John Parissis
- John van Hal
- Jolita Badariene
- Jonathan Howlett
- Jooyoung Shin
- Jorge Cheirif
- Jorge Leonardo Cobos Segarra
- Jorge Roberto Aiub
- Jorgen Jeppesen
- Jose Alfredo Pagola Carrasco
- Jose Augusto Ribas Fortes
- Jose Cardona
- Jose Francisco Saraiva
- Jose Luis Accini Mendoza
- Jose Luis Arenas Leon
- Jose Luis Lambert Rodriguez
- Jose Maria Arizon Del Prado
- Jose Ramon Gonzalez Juanatey
- Joseph Massaro
- Joseph Radojevic
- Joseph Rahman
- Joshua Asubiaro
- Jozef Gonsorcik
- Juan Francisco Delgado Jimenez
- Juan Jose Gomez Doblas
- Juan Londono
- Juan Luis Bonilla Palomas
- Julian Alonso Coronel Arroyo
- Julian Javier
- Juliano Cardoso
- Julio Eduardo Nuñez Villota
- Julio Ibañez
- Julio Tallet
- Jun Tanabe
- Junji Kanda
- Justin Ezekowitz
- Justin Taylor
- Kabir Yousuf
- Kahraman Cosansu
- Kalman Toth
- Kamil Zeman
- Kaoru Okishige
- Karel Peterka
- Karel Sochor
- Karen P Alexander
- Karen Sliwa
- Karl Dujardin
- Karl Heilman
- Katalin Bezzegh
- Katerina Naka
- Katsunori Kawamitsu
- Kazuhisa Mitsuo
- Keiji Ujino
- Keijiro Saku
- Keisuke Kida
- Keith Aaronson
- Keith Friedman
- Kenji Ando
- Kenji Onoue
- Kenneth Wong
- Kenshi Fujii
- Kentaro Nakamura
- Keyur Shah
- Kimberly Cruz
- Kimiaki Nagase
- Kirkwood Adams
- Klemens Ablasser
- Kodangudi Ramanathan
- Koichi Node
- Koichiro Sugimura
- Konstantin Zrazhevskiy
- Konstantinos Tsioufis
- Kotaro Numaguchi
- Kouji Kajinami
- Krzysztof Cymerman
- Kumiko Nakayama
- Kunihiko Makino
- Kurt Boman
- Kurt Huber
- Kurtz C. E. GALACTIC-HF Investigators: John R Teerlink
- Ladislav Busak
- Lana Tsao
- Lanfear D. E.
- Larry Allen
- Lars Videbaek
- Larysa Mishchenko
- Larysa Vasilyeva
- Laszlo Mark
- Laszlo Nagy
- Laura Jordan Martinez
- Laurie Letarte
- Lawrence Galitz
- Lawrence J Lesko
- Legg J. C.
- Leighton Kearney
- Lenka Spinarova
- Leonard Pianko
- Leonardo Macias
- Leonardo Novaretto
- Leonid Pimenov
- Leonid Rudenko
- Leonid Voronkov
- Leopoldo Soares Piegas
- Lesley Burgess
- Lesya Rasputina
- Li J.
- Libor Nechvatal
- Lidia Ana Zytynski Moura
- Lidia Pawlowicz
- Lilia Luz Lobo Marquez
- Lilia Nigro Maia
- Lilia Schiavi
- Liliana Nicolosi
- Lily Zhang
- Lisa Mielniczuk
- Liudmyla Alieksieieva
- Lixin Jiang
- Llyod Stahl
- Lokesh Chandra
- Louis Van Zyl
- Luanda Grazette
- Lubomir Antalik
- Luc Pierard
- Lucie Sharpsten
- Lucyna Lenartowska
- Luis Almenar Bonet
- Luis Beck da Silva Neto
- Luis de la Fuente Galan
- Luis Eduardo Echeverria
- Luis Eduardo Echeverria
- Luis Horacio Atehortua Lopez
- Luis Martinez
- Luis Oliveira
- Luis Santos
- Lund M.
- Lutfu Bekar
- Lutz Frankenstein
- Macdonald P.
- Maciej Zabowka
- Madhusudhan Pamganamamula
- Magnus Peterson
- Mahazarin Ginwalla
- Makoto Nakahama
- Makoto Usui
- Malgorzata Konieczynska
- Malgorzata Lelonek
- Malik F. I.
- Mamoru Manita
- Manoel Canesin
- Manohara Senaratne
- Manuel Bouza
- Manuel Eduardo Rodriguez Venegas
- Manuel Martinez-Selles D Oliveira Soares
- Manuel Odin De Los Rios Ibarra
- Marat Ezhov
- Marc Simon
- Marcelo Alejandro Garrido
- Marcin Szczasny
- Marco Metra
- Marcos Amuchastegui
- Marcos Raul Litvak Bruno
- Marcus Mittag
- Marcus Sandri
- Marcus Stoddard
- Marcus Vinicius Simoes
- Mareev V.
- Marek Houra
- Marek Piatek
- Margarita Gertrudis Vejar Jalaf
- Maria Alexandra Arias Mendoza
- Maria Cristina Schnettler Cid
- Maria Dorobantu
- Maria Frigerio
- Maria Generosa Crespo Leiro
- Maria Helena Vidotti
- Maria Leonor Parody
- Maria Sanali Paiva
- Maria Sitnikova
- Maria Teresa Blasco Peiro
- Maria Tzekova
- Mariel Rivero
- Mariela Rasmussen
- Marilena Renata Spiridon
- Mario Vega
- Mario Villoch
- Mario Yanez Hidalgo
- Marisa Crespo Leiro
- Marisa Orgera
- Mariusz Kafara
- Mark Abelson
- Mark Ramos
- Mark Smith
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- Voors A. A.
- Vyacheslav Mareev
- Vyacheslav Ryabov
- W Schuyler Jones
- Wael AboAuda
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- Weimin Li
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- William Nelson
- William Randall
- Wissam Khalife
- Xin Fu
- Xuelian Zhang
- Xuming Yang
- Yafei Mi
- Yajun Han
- Yang Zheng
- Yanling Qu
- Yann Rosamel
- Yasuchika Takeishi
- Yasuhiro Maejima
- Yasuki Kihara
- Yasunori Ueda
- Yasuo Okumura
- Yasushi Sakata
- Yevgeniya Svishchenko
- Yi Wang
- Yilmaz M. B.
- Yinjun Li
- Yorihiko Higashino
- Yoshihiko Saito
- Yoshiki Hata
- Yoshinori Yasaka
- Yoshitoshi Urabe
- Yu Wei
- Yuemin Sun
- Yugang Dong
- Yuhui Zhang
- Yuji Nakazato
- Yukihiko Momiyama
- Yukihito Sato
- Yukiko Morita
- Yuksel Cavusoglu
- Yuqing Zhang
- Yurii Lymar
- Yuriy Mostovoy
- Yury Lukyanov
- Yury Shvarts
- Yutaka Akatsuka
- Yves Pesant
- Zannad F.
- Zbigniew Bednarkiewicz
- Zbigniew Chmielak
- Zbigniew Gola
- Zbigniew Kalarus
- Zbigniew Pijanowski
- Zbynek Pozdisek
- Zdenek Coufal
- Zdenek Klimsa
- Zdenek Monhart
- Zehra Lale Koldas
- Zerrin Yigit
- Zhanna Kobalava
- Zhanquan Li
- Zhaoping Li
- Zhe Zheng
- Zhenyu Yang
- Zhifang Wang
- Zoltan Laszlo
- Zsolt Zilahi
- Zuyi Yuan
- Zuzana Motovska
- Publication venue
- 'Massachusetts Medical Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
BACKGROUND The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned 8256 patients (inpatients and outpatients) with symptomatic chronic heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less to receive omecamtiv mecarbil (using pharmacokinetic-guided doses of 25 mg, 37.5 mg, or 50 mg twice daily) or placebo, in addition to standard heart-failure therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of a first heart-failure event (hospitalization or urgent visit for heart failure) or death from cardiovascular causes. RESULTS During a median of 21.8 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 1523 of 4120 patients (37.0%) in the omecamtiv mecarbil group and in 1607 of 4112 patients (39.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 0.99; P = 0.03). A total of 808 patients (19.6%) and 798 patients (19.4%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.11). There was no significant difference between groups in the change from baseline on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score. At week 24, the change from baseline for the median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level was 10% lower in the omecamtiv mecarbil group than in the placebo group; the median cardiac troponin I level was 4 ng per liter higher. The frequency of cardiac ischemic and ventricular arrhythmia events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection, those who received omecamtiv mecarbil had a lower incidence of a composite of a heart-failure event or death from cardiovascular causes than those who received placebo. (Funded by Amgen and others; GALACTIC-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02929329; EudraCT number, 2016 -002299-28.)
Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries
- Author
- Aarts Frits
- Ababneh Hazim
- Abad-Motos Ane
- Abaidalla Ahmed
- Abbakar Malaz
- Abd El Aal Ahmed
- Abd-Errazik Mohammad Ahmad
- Abdalradiy Abdalrahmman G
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelkhalek Mostafa
- Abdellatif Ahmed
- Abdellatif Mohamed
- Abdelsaid Kirolas
- Abdou Khaled
- Abdulfatah Mustapha
- Abdullah Mohammad Amer
- Abdullahi Mustapha Miko Mohammed
- Abellán Antonio Melero
- Abeysinghe Nayana
- Abiyere Henry
- Achimas-Cadariu Patriciu Andrei
- Adakaya Sıla
- Adam Nicolas
- Adams Benita
- Adams Ferdinand
- Adegboye Kazeem
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adra Lama
- Adu-Poku Patricia
- Afuwape Oludolapo
- Afzal Ameer
- Afzal Muhammad Farooq
- Agapov Mihail
- Agara Daniel
- Aggarwal Manisha
- Agger Erika
- Aghadi Ifeanyi Kene
- Ahmed Amjed Yassir
- Ahmed Haleemasahdia
- Ahmed Khalil
- Ahmed Manar
- Ahmed Masood
- Ahmed Safia
- Ahn Hong Min
- Aibe Raquel
- Aigner Felix
- Aissat Abdenour
- Aitbaeva Arai
- Akay Omer
- Akbar Ali
- Akbas Ahmet
- Akere Abidemi
- Akesen Selcan
- Akgun Erhan
- Akhtar Naseem
- Akın Emrah
- Akova Elif
- Aktas Serhat
- Akçay Özlem
- Al Masri Mahmoud
- Al-Alnsi Ahmed
- Al-Hutheifi Roqia'A
- Al-Jarrah Amar
- Al-Naggar Hamza
- Al-Shehari Mohammed
- Alamin Nadeen
- Alawi Raneen
- Alawlaqi Dina
- Alawneh Fade
- Alberola Maria José
- Albers Michael
- Alcolea Natalia González
- Aleem Muhammad
- Alegre Inês
- Alegre Javier Martinez
- Alexandre Flavia
- Alexandrescu Corina
- Alexnder Abelevich
- Alexopoulou Kalliopi
- Alfonso Beatriz Amorós
- Ali Ahmed
- Ali Che Saniati Che
- Ali Danish
- Ali Madeeha
- Ali Mahmoud Abdelwahab
- Ali Manhal Hashim
- Ali Noura Al
- Alikhanli Jhale
- Aliyeva Zumrud
- Aliyu Mohammed
- Aljawder Hasan
- Allen Kate
- Almahmeed Ebrahim
- Alonso Alfredo
- Alonso Javier Etreros
- Alsamneh Muneer
- Alsayadi Ramzi
- Altinel Yuksel
- Altintoprak Fatih
- Altomare Donato F
- Alvarenga Isabella
- Alvarez Laura Jimenez
- Alvarez-Bautista Francisco Emmanuel
- Alvarez-Díez Marcos
- Alves Brenda Chayanny
- Amadigwe Rita
- Amado Andreia
- Amado Fabíola
- Amador Cristina García
- Amanullah Nazli
- Amaral Hélida Aline Tomacheski
- Amaral Luis
- Amin-Tai Hizami
- Aminu Bashiru
- Amir Ahmad Suhaimi
- Ammar Ahmed Siddique
- Ammar Mona Ahmed
- Ammendola Michele
- Ammerata Giorgio
- Amorim Edgar
- Ancans Guntis
- Anderson Tom
- Andrade Diogo
- Andrejevic Predrag
- Andrés Beatriz Díaz San
- Anestiadou Elissavet
- Ang Chin Wee
- Angelo Franceschi
- Anokhin Evgeny
- Anoldo Pietro
- Antakia Ramez
- Anton Majd
- Antonelli Serena
- Antropoli Carmine
- Anula Rocio
- Anwar Jamal
- Anyadike Florence
- Apostolakidou Magda
- Apostolidi Eirini
- Aprea Giovanni
- Arabadzhiev Angel
- Arakawa Satoshi
- Arauz Jazmin
- Aravindan U
- Aremu Abdurrahman
- Aremu Isiaka
- Argawy Osama
- Arican Can
- Arida Zahed Abu
- Armellin Claudia
- Arnaoutoglou Eleni
- Arreguy-Borges Kanthya
- Artigot Mariano
- Arturi Alessandro
- Arulappan Nirupama
- Arya Shobhit
- Arynov Ardak
- Asaad Peter
- Asano Yukio
- Ascari Francesca
- Asgarov Mohsum
- Ashmawy Soad
- Aslam Muhammad Imran
- Assimakopoulou Elena
- Assis Ana
- Astilleta Romina
- Atanasov Boyko
- Atendido Tiffany
- Athanasakis Elias
- Atici Semra Demirli
- Avellaneda Nicholas
- Avellaneda Nicolas
- Avseren Goksu
- Awead Marwa
- Ayandipo Omobolaji
- Aybar Engin
- Aydin Funda
- Aydin Gaye
- Ayoub Kusay
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- Aytaç Erman
- Azevedo Jose
- Azevedo Patricia
- Azhar Najia
- Aziz Gowhar
- Azman Zairul Azwan Mohd
- Aşkar Ahmet
- Babatunde Olanrewaju
- Badawi Marwa
- Baek Jeong-Heum
- Baez Noelia Fernández
- Baeza-Murcia Melody
- Bagnardi Francesco
- Baharom Salahudin
- Baik Seung Hyuk
- Baimakhanov Abylai
- Bains Lovenish
- Baker Aleksandra
- Bakmaz Bernarda
- Bala Abubakar Muhammad
- Balaban Vladimir
- Balalis Dimitrios
- Balasubramaniam Dinesh
- Balathayalan Yathev
- Baldi Claudio
- Balestri Riccardo
- Balfour James
- Ballah Abubakar
- Ballian Nikiforos
- Balooshi Iman Al
- Baloyiannis Ioannis
- Bamford Richard
- Bandar Mahdi Al
- Banham Gail
- Bannoud Mohammad Hassan
- Baptista Victor
- Baral Jörg
- Barbalace Nicolas
- Barbato Giuseppe
- Barbosa Anderson
- Bareka Metaxia
- Baris Baver
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- Barreda Sara Castillo
- Barrena-Blazquez Silvestra
- Barton Jess
- Bartosiak Katarzyna
- Bashilkina Olga
- Bashir Mohammed
- Basile Raffaele
- Basnyat Pradeep
- Batool Sana
- Bautista Wilson Manuel Sánchez
- Bayhan Zülfü
- Bayo José Manuel Muros
- Bayón Raquel Álvaro
- Baños Pedro Antonio Parra
- Beard David
- Bedzhanyan Arkady
- Behilil Chakib
- Bekele Kebebe
- Belarmino Armin
- Belay Million
- Belev Nikolay
- Bellato Vittoria
- Beltrán de Heredia Juan
- Belvedere Angela
- Benetti Emilio
- Benetti Sara
- Bengueddach Aicha
- Benjelloun El Bachir
- Benkabbou Amine
- Bennett James
- Bensafir Salim
- Bergamini Carlo
- Bernotaite Vlada
- Beron Reinaldo Isaacs
- Bethune Robert
- Bezede Cosmin
- Beznosenko Andriy
- Bhangu Aneel
- Bhargava Aman
- Bhat Rama Rani Krishna
- Bianchi Romina
- Bianco Francesco
- Bigoni Irene
- Binetti Margherita
- Bintintan Vasile
- Biondi Alberto
- Biondo Santino Antonio
- Bisgin Tayfun
- Bisheet George
- Bissett Ian
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- Blackwell Sue
- Blanco Pablo
- Blanco Raquel Ríos
- Blanco-Colino Ruth
- Blasco Laura Fraile
- Blazquez-Martin Alma
- Bobadilla Billy Jimenez
- Bocancia Raluca
- Boccia Giuseppe
- Bogatikov Alexander
- Bolanle Olajide Edward
- Bomfa-Barbosa Alysson
- Bompou Effrosyni
- Bonardello Michela
- Bonci Eduard-Alexandru
- Bordom Daniel Osei
- Borges Filipe
- Borghi Felice
- Boschiero Matheus Negri
- Bose Bodhisattva
- Bouchagier Konstantinos
- Boudjenan-Serradj Nabil
- Boudoux Sabrina
- Bourazani Maria
- Boyce Stephen
- Bozbiyik Osman
- Bracale Umberto
- Brachini Gioia
- Bradulskis Saulius
- Brainsa Eneida
- Brandström Gustav
- Braumille Markus
- Bravo Ana Minaya
- Bravo Raquel
- Bredikhin Mikhail
- Brito Noelia
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- Buccianti Piero
- Buchs Nicolas
- Buchwald Pamela
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- Budrikienė Rima
- Buey Lourdes
- Buijs Louis
- Buleje Jorge Alejandro Benavides
- Burlov Nikita
- Butt Anam
- Byshetty Rajendar
- Bywater Edward
- Bzikha Ilham
- Bánky Balázs
- Bælum Jens Kristian
- Caballero-Delgado Javier
- Cabrera Claudia
- Cafranga Estíbaliz Gutiérrez
- Cagnazzo Federica
- Calabria Mariangela
- Calabro' Marcello
- Caliendo Domenico
- Calin Camelia
- Caliskan Cemil
- Callan Rory
- Callari Cosimo
- Caltea Mihaela
- Calvo Almudena Castro
- Camacho Amparo
- Cammarata Francesco
- Campanati Renato
- Campanelli Michela
- Campbell Marion
- Canals Lucía Otazu
- Canda Aras Emre
- Cano-Matias Auxiliadora
- Cao Victor Hugo Bruno
- Capolupo Gabriella Teresa
- Cappiello Antonio
- Capuano Marianna
- Capusan Alina
- Carannante Filippo
- Carbone Ludovico
- Cardelli Stefano
- Carden Claire
- Cardoso Diogo
- Caricato Marco
- Carlin Patricia Saez
- Carlini Massimo
- Carlos Sandra
- Carneros Virginia Jimenez
- Carosso Fabio
- Caroço Teresa Vieira
- Carpelan Anu
- Carpenter Holly
- Carrascosa-Morales Irene
- Carrie Augusto
- Carrizo Claudia
- Carta Giuseppina
- Carvalho Alexandre
- Carvello Michele
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- Castaldi Antonio
- Castaño Renata
- Castiglioni Simone
- Castillo Enrique Roca
- Castro Marta Cuartero
- Catalano Pablo
- Cato Liam
- Caz Esra
- Cebolla Elena Sagarra
- Cecchini Ilaria
- Celdrán Rebeca González
- Celik Hale Kefeli
- Ceretti Andrea Pisani
- Ceron Silvia Ferrer
- Cervellera Maurizio
- Cervone Carmela
- Chacko Anil
- Chandrasinghe Pramodh
- Charakopoulou Alexandra
- Chardalias Leonidas
- Chaturvedi Arun
- Chatzikomnitsa Paraskevi
- Chaudhari Abhishek
- Chaudhry Sanjay
- Chawla Tabish
- Chee Corissa
- Chen Nevin
- Cheng Kuang I
- Chiarugi Massimo
- Chisthi Meer
- Chitnis Abhishek
- Chitul Andrei
- Chmielewski Gaspard
- Cholewa Hanna
- Chornet Marta Roselló
- Chowdhary Manish
- Chowdhury Sharfuddin
- Chowdhury Sharfuddin M
- Chowdri Nisar
- Christensen Peter
- Christodoulidis Grigorios
- Chrysos Emmanuel
- Chua Lorna
- Chubukova Natlia
- Chung Jun Seong
- Church Robert
- Chwat Carina
- Ciabattari Paula
- Cianchi Fabio
- Cianci Pasquale
- Ciccarese Angelo Antonio
- Ciftci Ahmet Burak
- Cigagna Luca
- Cini Charles
- Ciotarla Danut Constantin
- Cirocchi Nicholas
- Ciubotaru Cezar
- Ciulli Cristina
- Ck Harikumar
- Clark Thomas
- Clarke Nicola
- Coccolini Federico
- Codes Lina
- Coelho Ana Margarida
- Cois Alessandro
- Coladonato Massimiliano
- Colak Elif
- Coldwell Chris
- Collins Jen
- Colombo Francesco
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- Yew Chor Kuan
- Yılmaz Gülseren
- Yilmazlar Tuncay
- Yiğit Direnç
- Yoldas Tayfun
- Yonekura Hiroshi
- Yorkmui Liu
- Yoshino Kenji
- Younes Lina
- Young Trudi
- Yule Michael
- Yusoff Zakiah Mohd
- Zaari Fatimazahraa
- Zabiyaka Mikhail
- Zadrożna Monika
- Zafar Madiha
- Zagaynov Eugeny
- Zaidi Syed-Nadeem
- Zaimis Tilemachos
- Zain Wan Zainira Wan
- Zainy Rhendra Hardy Mohamad
- Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen
- Zakaria Maheen
- Zakaria Zaidi
- Zamudio-Bautista Jorge Luis
- Zanc Loredana
- Zanoni Andrea
- Zanus Giacomo
- Zapparoli Alessandro
- Zappone Anna
- Zarzava Eirini
- Zatari Dirar
- Zawadzki Marek
- Zayakov Georgi
- Zaycev Andrey
- Zazo Aya
- Zazo Rama
- Zdravkovic Maja
- Zengin Abdullah Kağan
- Zeringa Georgia
- Zimmerman David D E
- Zuhdy Mohammad
- Zvirych Vitalii
- Zywicka Ewa
- Álvarez-Llano Laura
- Ângelo Miguel Duarte
- ÓSullivan Sara Nuñez
- Özçelik Mehmet Faik
- Ćoza Ivo
- Şanlı Ahmet Necati
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Background
Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks.
Methods
The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned.
Results
A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31).
Conclusion
Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C.
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T.
- Acevedo-Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A.
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait-Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait-Si-Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al-Younes Hesham M.
- Al-Zeer Munir A.
- Albert Matthew L.
- Albin Roger L.
- Alegre-Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte-Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi K.
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O.
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K.
- Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P.
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y.O.
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K.
- Baehrecke Eric H.
- Bahr Ben A.
- Bai Xue-Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A.
- Bampton Edward T.W.
- Bartholomew Clinton R.
- Bassham Diane C.
- Bast Robert C.
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon-Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J.
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J.
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro Sébastien
- Bhatia-Kiššová Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard-Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S.
- Boise Lawrence H.
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C.
- Bortoluci Karina R.
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Frédéric
- Bourquin Jean-Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer-Guittaut Michaël
- Bozhkov Peter V.
- Brady Nathan R
- Brancolini Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E.
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H.
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L.
- Brookes Paul S.
- Brown Eric J.
- Brumell John H.
- Brunetti-Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T.
- Bulman Dennis E.
- Bultman Scott J.
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F.
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P.
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P.
- Béchet Daniel M.
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahová Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo-Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos-Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B.
- Carding Simon R.
- Cardoso Sandra M.
- Carew Jennifer S.
- Carlin Cathleen R.
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A.M.
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A.
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han-Jung
- Chai Chee-Yin
- Chan David C.
- Chan Edmond Y.
- Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
- Che Chi-Ming
- Chen Ching-Chow
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- Vindis Cécile
- Viola Giampietro
- Viscomi Maria Teresa
- Voitsekhovskaja Olga V.
- von Haefen Clarissa
- Votruba Marcela
- Wada Keiji
- Wade-Martins Richard
- Walker Cheryl L.
- Walsh Craig M.
- Walter Jochen
- Wan Xiang-Bo
- Wang Aimin
- Wang Chenguang
- Wang Dawei
- Wang Fan
- Wang Guanghui
- Wang Haichao
- Wang Hong-Gang
- Wang Horng-Dar
- Wang Jin
- Wang Ke
- Wang Mei
- Wang Richard C.
- Wang Xinglong
- Wang Xiujie J.
- Wang Ying-Jan
- Wang Yipeng
- Wang Zhen-Bo
- Wang Zhigang Charles
- Wang Zhinong
- Wansink Derick G.
- Ward Diane M.
- Watada Hirotaka
- Waters Sarah L.
- Webster Paul
- Wei Lixin
- Weihl Conrad C.
- Weiss William A
- Welford Scott M.
- Wen Long-Ping
- Whitehouse Caroline A.
- Whitton J. Lindsay
- Whitworth Alexander J.
- Wileman Tom
- Wiley John W.
- Wilkinson Simon
- Willbold Dieter
- Williams Roger L.
- Williamson Peter R.
- Wouters Bradly G.
- Wu Chenghan
- Wu Dao-Cheng
- Wu William K.K.
- Wyttenbach Andreas
- Xavier Ramnik J.
- Xi Zhijun
- Xia Pu
- Xiao Gengfu
- Xie Zhiping
- Xie Zhonglin
- Xu Da-zhi
- Xu Jianzhen
- Xu Liang
- Xu Xiaolei
- Yamamoto Ai
- Yamamoto Akitsugu
- Yamashina Shunhei
- Yamashita Michiaki
- Yan Xianghua
- Yanagida Mitsuhiro
- Yang Dun-Sheng
- Yang Elizabeth
- Yang Jin-Ming
- Yang Shi Yu
- Yang Wannian
- Yang Wei Yuan
- Yang Zhifen
- Yao Meng-Chao
- Yao Tso-Pang
- Yeganeh Behzad
- Yen Wei-Lien
- Yin Jia-jing
- Yin Xiao-Ming
- Yoo Ook-Joon
- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung-Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
- Youle Richard J
- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong-Woon
- Yu Wai Haung
- Yuan Zhi-Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol-Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
- Zeh III Herbert J.
- Zeitlin Scott O.
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui-Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing-Pu
- Zhang Jue
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming-Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi-Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J.
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong-Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei-Guo
- Zhu Xiao-Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei-Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke Jürgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- Author
- Abdalla Fabio C
- Abeliovich Hagai
- Abraham Robert T
- Acevedo Arozena Abraham
- Adeli Khosrow
- Agholme Lotta
- Agnello Maria
- Agostinis Patrizia
- Aguirre Ghiso Julio A
- Ahn Hyung Jun
- Ait Mohamed Ouardia
- Ait Si Ali Slimane
- Akematsu Takahiko
- Akira Shizuo
- Al Younes Hesham M
- Al Zeer Munir A
- Albert Matthew L
- Albin Roger L
- Alegre Abarrategui Javier
- Aleo Maria Francesca
- Alirezaei Mehrdad
- Almasan Alexandru
- Almonte Becerril Maylin
- Amano Atsuo
- Amaravadi Ravi
- Amarnath Shoba
- Amer Amal O
- Anantharam Vellareddy
- Andrieu Abadie Nathalie
- Ann David K
- Anoopkumar Dukie Shailendra
- Aoki Hiroshi
- Apostolova Nadezda
- Arancia Giuseppe
- Aris John P
- Asanuma Katsuhiko
- Asare Nana Y. O
- Ashida Hisashi
- Askanas Valerie
- Askew David S
- Auberger Patrick
- B\ue1nhegyi G\ue1bor
- B\ue9chet Daniel M
- Baba Misuzu
- Backues Steven K
- Baehrecke Eric H
- Bahr Ben A
- Bai Xue Yuan
- Bailly Yannick
- Baiocchi Robert
- Baldini Giulia
- Balduini Walter
- Ballabio Andrea
- Bamber Bruce A
- Bampton Edward T. W
- Bartholomew Clinton R
- Bassham Diane C
- Bast Robert C
- Batoko Henri
- Bay Boon Huat
- Beau Isabelle
- Begley Thomas J
- Behl Christian
- Behrends Christian
- Bekri Soumeya
- Bellaire Bryan
- Bendall Linda J
- Benetti Luca
- Berliocchi Laura
- Bernardi Henri
- Bernassola Francesca
- Besteiro S\ue9bastien
- Bhatia Kissova Ingrid
- Bi Xiaoning
- Biard Piechaczyk Martine
- Blum Janice S
- Boise Lawrence H
- Bonaldo Paolo
- Boone David L
- Bornhauser Beat C
- Bortoluci Karina R
- Bossis Ioannis
- Bost Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Bourquin Jean Pierre
- Boya Patricia
- Boyer Guittaut Micha\uebl
- Bozhkov Peter V
- Brady Nathan R
- BRANCOLINI Claudio
- Brech Andreas
- Brenman Jay E
- Brennand Ana
- Bresnick Emery H
- Brest Patrick
- Bridges Dave
- Bristol Molly L
- Brookes Paul S
- Brown Eric J
- Brumell John H
- Brunetti Pierri Nicola
- Brunk Ulf T
- Bulman Dennis E
- Bultman Scott J
- Bultynck Geert
- Burbulla Lena F
- Bursch Wilfried
- Butchar Jonathan P
- Buzgariu Wanda
- Bydlowski Sergio P
- Cadwell Ken
- Cahov\ue1 Monika
- Cai Dongsheng
- Cai Jiyang
- Cai Qian
- Calabretta Bruno
- Calvo Garrido Javier
- Camougrand Nadine
- Campanella Michelangelo
- Campos Salinas Jenny
- Candi Eleonora
- Cao Lizhi
- Caplan Allan B
- Carding Simon R
- Cardoso Sandra M
- Carew Jennifer S
- Carlin Cathleen R
- Carmignac Virginie
- Carneiro Leticia A. M
- Carra Serena
- Caruso Rosario A
- Casari Giorgio
- Casas Caty
- Castino Roberta
- Cebollero Eduardo
- Cecconi Francesco
- Celli Jean
- Chaachouay Hassan
- Chae Han Jung
- Chai Chee Yin
- Chan David C
- Chan Edmond Y
- Chang Raymond Chuen Chung
- Che Chi Ming
- Chen Ching Chow
- Chen Guang Chao
- Chen Guo Qiang
- Chen Min
- Chen Quan
- Chen Steve S. L
- Chen Wenli
- Chen Xi
- Chen Xiangmei
- Chen Xiequn
- Chen Ye Guang
- Chen Yingyu
- Chen Yongqiang
- Chen Yu Jen
- Chen Zhixiang
- Cheng Alan
- Cheng Christopher H. K
- Cheng Yan
- Cheong Heesun
- Cheong Jae Ho
- Cherry Sara
- Chess Williams Russ
- Cheung Zelda H
- Chevet Eric
- Chiang Hui Ling
- Chiarelli Roberto
- Chiba Tomoki
- Chin Lih Shen
- Chiou Shih Hwa
- Chisari Francis V
- Cho Chi Hin
- Cho Dong Hyung
- Choi Augustine M. K
- Choi Dooseok
- Choi Kyeong Sook
- Choi Mary E
- Chouaib Salem
- Choubey Divaker
- Choubey Vinay
- Chu Charleen T
- Chuang Tsung Hsien
- Chueh Sheau Huei
- Chun Taehoon
- Chwae Yong Joon
- Chye Mee Len
- Ciarcia Roberto
- Ciriolo Maria R
- Clague Michael J
- Clark Robert S. B
- Clarke Peter G. H
- Clarke Robert
- Codogno Patrice
- Coller Hilary A
- Colombo Mar\ueda I
- Comincini Sergio
- Condello Maria
- Condorelli Fabrizio
- Cookson Mark R
- Coombs Graham H
- Coppens Isabelle
- Corbalan Ramon
- Cossart Pascale
- Costelli Paola
- Costes Safia
- Coto Montes Ana
- Couve Eduardo
- Coxon Fraser P
- Cregg James M
- Crespo Jos\ue9 L
- Cronj\ue9 Marianne J
- Cuervo Ana Maria
- Cullen Joseph J
- Czaja Mark J
- D'Amelio Marcello
- D\uedaz Araya Guillermo
- D\uedaz Laviada In\ue9s
- Darfeuille Michaud Arlette
- Davids Lester M
- Davies Faith E
- De Felici Massimo
- de Groot John F
- de Haan Cornelis A. M
- De Martino Luisa
- De Milito Angelo
- De Tata Vincenzo
- Debnath Jayanta
- Degterev Alexei
- Dehay Benjamin
- Delbridge Lea M. D
- Demarchi Francesca
- Deng Yi Zhen
- Dengjel J\uf6rn
- Dent Paul
- Denton Donna
- Deretic Vojo
- Desai Shyamal D
- Devenish Rodney J
- Di Gioacchino Mario
- Di Paolo Gilbert
- Di Pietro Chiara
- Diaz Meco Maria T
- Diaz Nido Javier
- Dikic Ivan
- Dinesh Kumar Savithramma P
- Ding Wen Xing
- Distelhorst Clark W
- Diwan Abhinav
- Djavaheri Mergny Mojgan
- Dokudovskaya Svetlana
- Dong Zheng
- Dorsey Frank C
- Dosenko Victor
- Dowling James J
- Doxsey Stephen
- Dreux Marl\ue8ne
- Drew Mark E
- Duan Qiuhong
- Duchosal Michel A
- Duff Karen
- Dugail Isabelle
- Durbeej Madeleine
- Duszenko Michael
- Edelstein Charles L
- Edinger Aimee L
- Egea Gustavo
- Eichinger Ludwig
- Eissa N. Tony
- Ekmekcioglu Suhendan
- El Deiry Wafik S
- Elazar Zvulun
- Elgendy Mohamed
- Ellerby Lisa M
- Eng Kai Er
- Engelbrecht Anna Mart
- Engelender Simone
- Erenpreisa Jekaterina
- Escalante Ricardo
- Esclatine Audrey
- Eskelinen Eeva Liisa
- Espert Lucile
- Espina Virginia
- F\ue9s\ufcs L\ue1szl\uf3
- Fan Huizhou
- Fan Jia
- Fan Qi Wen
- Fan Zhen
- Fang Shengyun
- Fang Yongqi
- Fanto Manolis
- Fanzani Alessandro
- Farkas Thomas
- Farr\ue9 Jean Claude
- Faure Mathias
- Fechheimer Marcus
- Feng Carl G
- Feng Jian
- Feng Qili
- Feng Youji
- Feuer Ralph
- Figueiredo Pereira Maria E
- Fimia Gian Maria
- Fingar Diane C
- Finkbeiner Steven
- Finkel Toren
- Finley Kim D
- Fiorito Filomena
- Fisher Edward A
- Fisher Paul B
- Flajolet Marc
- Florez McClure Maria L
- Florio Salvatore
- Fon Edward A
- Fornai Francesco
- Fortunato Franco
- Fotedar Rati
- Fowler Daniel H
- Fox Howard S
- Franco Rodrigo
- Frankel Lisa B
- Fransen Marc
- Fuentes Jos\ue9 M
- Fueyo Juan
- Fujii Jun
- Fujisaki Kozo
- Fujita Eriko
- Fukuda Mitsunori
- Furukawa Ruth H
- Gaestel Matthias
- Gailly Philippe
- Gajewska Malgorzata
- Galliot Brigitte
- Galy Vincent
- Ganesh Subramaniam
- Ganetzky Barry
- Ganley Ian G
- Gao Fen Biao
- Gao George F
- Gao Jinming
- Garcia Manero Guillermo
- Garcia Marcos Mikel
- Garcia Lorena
- Garmyn Marjan
- Gartel Andrei L
- Gatti Evelina
- Gautel Mathias
- Gawriluk Thomas R
- Gegg Matthew E
- Geng Jiefei
- Germain Marc
- Gestwicki Jason E
- Gewirtz David A
- Ghavami Saeid
- Ghosh Pradipta
- Giammarioli Anna M
- Giatromanolaki Alexandra N
- Gibson Spencer B
- Gilkerson Robert W
- Ginger Michael L
- Ginsberg Henry N
- Golab Jakub
- Goligorsky Michael S
- Golstein Pierre
- Gomez Manzano Candelaria
- Goncu Ebru
- Gongora C\ue9line
- Gonz\ue1lez Est\ue9vez Cristina
- Gonz\ue1lez Polo Rosa Ana
- Gonzalez Rey Elena
- Gonzalez Claudio D
- Gonzalez Ramon
- Gorbunov Nikolai V
- Gorski Sharon
- Goruppi Sandro
- Gottlieb Roberta A
- Gozuacik Devrim
- Granato Giovanna Elvira
- Grant Gary D
- Green Kim N
- Gregorc Ale\u161
- Gros Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Grose Charles
- Grunt Thomas W
- Gual Philippe
- Guan Jun Lin
- Guan Kun Liang
- Guichard Sylvie M
- Gukovskaya Anna S
- Gukovsky Ilya
- Gunst Jan
- Gustafsson Asa B
- H\ue9bert Marie Jose\ue9
- H\uf6hfeld J\uf6rg
- H\uf8yer Hansen Maria
- Halayko Andrew J
- Hale Amber N
- Halonen Sandra K
- Hamasaki Maho
- Han Feng
- Han Ting
- Hancock Michael K
- Hansen Malene
- Harada Hisashi
- Harada Masaru
- Hardt Stefan E
- Harper J. Wade
- Harris Adrian L
- Harris James
- Harris Steven D
- Hashimoto Makoto
- Haspel Jeffrey A
- Hayashi Shin ichiro
- Hazelhurst Lori A
- He Congcong
- He You Wen
- Heidenreich Kim A
- Helfrich Miep H
- Helgason Gudmundur V
- Henske Elizabeth P
- Herman Brian
- Herman Paul K
- Hetz Claudio
- Hilfiker Sabine
- Hill Joseph A
- Hocking Lynne J
- Hofman Paul
- Hofmann Thomas G
- Holyoake Tessa L
- Hong Ming Huang
- Hood David A
- Hotamisligil G\uf6khan S
- Houwerzijl Ewout J
- Hu Bingren
- Hu Chien An A
- Hu Hong Ming
- Hua Ya
- Huang Canhua
- Huang Ju
- Huang Shengbing
- Huang Wei Pang
- Huber Tobias B
- Huh Won Ki
- Hung Tai Ho
- Hupp Ted R
- Hur Gang Min
- Hurley James B
- Hussain Sabah N. A
- Hussey Patrick J
- Hwang Jung Jin
- Hwang Seungmin
- Ichihara Atsuhiro
- Ilkhanizadeh Shirin
- Inoki Ken
- Into Takeshi
- Iovane Valentina
- Iovanna Juan L
- Ip Nancy Y
- Isaka Yoshitaka
- Ishida Hiroyuki
- Isidoro Ciro
- Isobe Ken ichi
- Iwasaki Akiko
- Izquierdo Marta
- Izumi Yotaro
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 Marja
- Jaakkola Panu M
- Jackson George R
- Jackson William T
- Janji Bassam
- Jendrach Marina
- Jeon Ju Hong
- Jeung Eui Bae
- Jiang Hong
- Jiang Hongchi
- Jiang Jean X
- Jiang Ming
- Jiang Qing
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jiang Xuejun
- Jim\ue9nez Alberto
- Jin Meiyan
- Jin Shengkan
- Joe Cheol O
- Johansen Terje
- Johnson Daniel E
- Johnson Gail V. W
- Jones Nicola L
- Joseph Bertrand
- Joseph Suresh K
- Joubert Annie M
- Juh\ue1sz G\ue1bor
- Juillerat Jeanneret Lucienne
- Jung Chang Hwa
- Jung Yong Keun
- Kaarniranta Kai
- Kaasik Allen
- Kabuta Tomohiro
- Kadowaki Motoni
- Kagedal Katarina
- Kamada Yoshiaki
- Kaminskyy Vitaliy O
- Kampinga Harm H
- Kanamori Hiromitsu
- Kang Chanhee
- Kang Khong Bee
- Kang Kwang Il
- Kang Rui
- Kang Yoon A
- Kanki Tomotake
- Kanneganti Thirumala Devi
- Kanno Haruo
- Kanthasamy Anumantha G
- Kanthasamy Arthi
- Karantza Vassiliki
- Kaushal Gur P
- Kaushik Susmita
- Kawazoe Yoshinori
- Ke Po Yuan
- Kehrl John H
- Kelekar Ameeta
- Kerkhoff Claus
- Kessel David H
- Khalil Hany
- Kiel Jan A. K. W
- Kiger Amy A
- Kihara Akio
- Kim Deok Ryong
- Kim Do Hyung
- Kim Dong Hou
- Kim Eun Kyoung
- Kim Hyung Ryong
- Kim Jae Sung
- Kim Jeong Hun
- Kim Jin Cheon
- Kim John K
- Kim Peter K
- Kim Seong Who
- Kim Yong Sun
- Kim Yonghyun
- Kimchi Adi
- Kimmelman Alec C
- King Jason S
- Kinsella Timothy J
- Kirkin Vladimir
- Kirshenbaum Lorrie A
- Kitamoto Katsuhiko
- Kitazato Kaio
- Klein Ludger
- Klimecki Walter T
- Klionsky Daniel J
- Klucken Jochen
- Knecht Erwin
- Ko Ben C. B
- Koch Jan C
- Koga Hiroshi
- Koh Jae Young
- Koh Young Ho
- Koike Masato
- Komatsu Masaaki
- Kominami Eiki
- Kong Hee Jeong
- Kong Wei Jia
- Korolchuk Viktor I
- Kotake Yaichiro
- Koukourakis Michael I
- Kouri Flores Juan B
- Kov\ue1cs Attila L
- Kr\ue4mer Helmut
- Kr\ufcger Rejko
- Kraft Claudine
- Krainc Dimitri
- Kretz Remy Carole
- Krichevsky Anna M
- Kroemer Guido
- Krut Oleg
- Ktistakis Nicholas T
- Kuan Chia Yi
- Kucharczyk Roza
- Kumar Ashok
- Kumar Raj
- Kumar Sharad
- Kundu Mondira
- Kung Hsing Jien
- Kurz Tino
- Kwon Ho Jeong
- L\u151w Peter
- L\ue1szl\uf3 Lajos
- L\uf3pez Ot\uedn Carlos
- La Spada Albert R
- Lafont Frank
- Lamark Trond
- Landry Jacques
- Lane Jon D
- Lapaquette Pierre
- Laporte Jocelyn F
- Lavandero Sergio
- Lavoie Jos\ue9e N
- Layfield Robert
- Lazo Pedro A
- Le Cam Laurent
- Le Weidong
- Ledbetter Daniel J
- Lee Alvin J. X
- Lee Byung Wan
- Lee Gyun Min
- Lee Jongdae
- Lee Ju Hyun
- Lee Michael
- Lee Myung Shik
- Lee Sug Hyung
- Leeuwenburgh Christiaan
- Legembre Patrick
- Legouis Renaud
- Lehmann Michael
- Lei Huan Yao
- Lei Qun Ying
- Leib David A
- Leiro Jos\ue9
- Lemasters John J
- Lemoine Antoinette
- Lesniak Maciej S
- Lev Dina
- Levenson Victor V
- Levine Beth
- Levy Efrat
- Li Faqiang
- Li Jun Lin
- Li Lian
- Li Sheng
- Li Weijie
- Li Xue Jun
- Li Yan bo
- Li Yi Ping
- Liang Chengyu
- Liang Qiangrong
- Liao Yung Feng
- Liberski Pawel P
- Lieberman Andrew
- Lim Hyunjung J
- Lim Kah Leong
- Lim Kyu
- Lin Chiou Feng
- Lin Fu Cheng
- Lin Jian
- Lin Jiandie D
- Lin Kui
- Lin Wan Wan
- Lin Weei Chin
- Lin Yi Ling
- Linden Rafael
- Lingor Paul
- Lippincott Schwartz Jennifer
- Lisanti Michael P
- Liton Paloma B
- Liu Bo
- Liu Chun Feng
- Liu Kaiyu
- Liu Leyuan
- Liu Qiong A
- Liu Wei
- Liu Young Chau
- Liu Yule
- Lockshin Richard A
- Lok Chun Nam
- Lonial Sagar
- Loos Benjamin
- Lopez Berestein Gabriel
- Lossi Laura
- Lotze Michael T
- Lu Binfeng
- Lu Bingwei
- Lu Bo
- Lu Zhen
- Luciano Fr\ue9d\ue9ric
- Lukacs Nicholas W
- Lund Anders H
- Lynch Day Melinda A
- M\ufcller Sylke
- M\ufcnger Karl
- M\ufcnz Christian
- Ma Yong
- Macian Fernando
- Mackeigan Jeff P
- Macleod Kay F
- Madeo Frank
- Maiuri Luigi
- Maiuri Maria Chiara
- Malagoli Davide
- Malicdan May Christine V
- Malorni Walter
- Man Na
- Mandelkow Eva Maria
- Manon St\ue9phen
- Manov Irena
- Mao Kai
- Mao Xiang
- Mao Zixu
- Marambaud Philippe
- Marazziti Daniela
- Marcel Yves L
- Marchbank Katie
- Marchetti Piero
- Marciniak Stefan J
- Marcondes Mateus
- Mardi Mohsen
- Marfe Gabriella
- Mari\uf1o Guillermo
- Markaki Maria
- Marten Mark R
- Martin Seamus J
- Martinand Mari Camille
- Martinet Wim
- Martinez Vicente Marta
- Masini Matilde
- Matarrese Paola
- Matsuo Saburo
- Matteoni Raffaele
- Mayer Andreas
- Mazure Nathalie M
- Mcconkey David J
- Mcconnell Melanie J
- Mcdermott Catherine
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- Mcinerney Gerald M
- Mckenna Sharon L
- Mclaughlin Bethann
- Mclean Pamela J
- Mcmaster Christopher R
- Mcquibban G. Angus
- Meijer Alfred J
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- Mel\ue9ndez Alicia
- Melia Thomas J
- Melino Gerry
- Mena Maria A
- Menendez Javier A
- Menna Barreto Rubem F. S
- Menon Manoj B
- Menzies Fiona M
- Mercer Carol A
- Merighi Adalberto
- Merry Diane E
- Meschini Stefania
- Meyer Christian G
- Meyer Thomas F
- Miao Chao Yu
- Miao Jun Ying
- Michels Paul A. M
- Michiels Carine
- Mijaljica Dalibor
- Milojkovic Ana
- Minucci Saverio
- Miracco Clelia
- Miranti Cindy K
- Mitroulis Ioannis
- Miyazawa Keisuke
- Mizushima Noboru
- Mograbi Baharia
- Mohseni Simin
- Molero Xavier
- Mollereau Bertrand
- Mollinedo Faustino
- Momoi Takashi
- Monastyrska Iryna
- Monick Martha M
- Monteiro Mervyn J
- Moore Michael N
- Mora Rodrigo
- Moreau Kevin
- Moreira Paula I
- Moriyasu Yuji
- Moscat Jorge
- Mostowy Serge
- Mottram Jeremy C
- Motyl Tomasz
- Moussa Charbel E. H
- Muller Sylviane
- Murphy Leon O
- Murphy Maureen E
- Musar\uf2 Antonio
- Mysorekar Indira
- N\ufcrnberger Thorsten
- Nagata Eiichiro
- Nagata Kazuhiro
- Nahimana Aimable
- Nair Usha
- Nakagawa Toshiyuki
- Nakahira Kiichi
- Nakano Hiroyasu
- Nakatogawa Hitoshi
- Nanjundan Meera
- Naqvi Naweed I
- Narendra Derek P
- Narita Masashi
- Navarro Miguel
- Nawrocki Steffan T
- Nazarko Taras Y
- Nemchenko Andriy
- Netea Mihai G
- Neufeld Thomas P
- Ney Paul A
- Nezis Ioannis P
- Nguyen Huu Phuc
- Nie Daotai
- Nishino Ichizo
- Nislow Corey
- Nixon Ralph A
- Noda Takeshi
- Noegel Angelika A
- Nogalska Anna
- Noguchi Satoru
- Notterpek Lucia
- Novak Ivana
- Nozaki Tomoyoshi
- Nukina Nobuyuki
- Nyfeler Beat
- Obara Keisuke
- Oberley Terry D
- Oddo Salvatore
- Ogawa Michinaga
- Ohashi Toya
- Okamoto Koji
- Oleinick Nancy L
- Oliver F. Javier
- Olsen Laura J
- Olsson Stefan
- Opota Onya
- Osborne Timothy F
- Ostrander Gary K
- Otsu Kinya
- Ou Jing hsiung James
- Ouimet Mireille
- Overholtzer Michael
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- Pandey Udai Bhan
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- Parzych Katherine R
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- Patterson Cam
- Pattingre Sophie
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- Peng Jianxin
- Perlmutter David H
- Perrotta Ida
- Perry George
- Pervaiz Shazib
- Peter Matthias
- Peters Godefridus J
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- Petrovski Goran
- Phang James M
- Piacentini Mauro
- Pierre Philippe
- Pierrefite Carle Val\ue9rie
- Pierron G\ue9rard
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- Piras Antonio
- Piri Natik
- Platanias Leonidas C
- Po\ufcs Christian
- Poirot Marc
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- Qin Zheng Hong
- Quaggin Susan E
- R\ue9gnier Vigouroux Anne
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- Rabinowich Hannah
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- Rahman Irfan
- Rami Abdelhaq
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- Reed Bruce H
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- Reggiori Fulvio
- Reichert Andreas S
- Reiners John J
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- Rhodes Christopher J
- Ritis Konstantinos
- Rizzo Elizete
- Robbins Jeffrey
- Roberge Michel
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- Rocchi Stephane
- Rodemann H. Peter
- Rodr\uedguez de C\uf3rdoba Santiago
- Rohrer B\ue4rbel
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- Rosen Kirill
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- Rouis Mustapha
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- Ryter Stefan W
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- S\ue1nchez Prieto Ricardo
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- Saha Tapas
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- Sakai Yasuyoshi
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- Salvaterra Paul M
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- Tabas Ira
- Taegtmeyer Heinrich
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- Tak\ue1cs Vellai Krisztina
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- Takegawa Kaoru
- Takemura Genzou
- Takeshita Fumihiko
- Talbot Nicholas J
- Tan Kevin S. W
- Tanaka Keiji
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- Tang Daolin
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- Yoon Gyesoon
- Yoon Seung Yong
- Yorimitsu Tomohiro
- Yoshikawa Yuko
- Yoshimori Tamotsu
- Yoshimoto Kohki
- You Ho Jin
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- Younes Anas
- Yu Li
- Yu Long
- Yu Seong Woon
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- Yuan Zhi Min
- Yue Zhenyu
- Yun Cheol Heui
- Yuzaki Michisuke
- Zabirnyk Olga
- Zacks David
- Zacksenhaus Eldad
- Zaffaroni Nadia
- Zakeri Zahra
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- Zeitlin Scott O
- Zhang Hong
- Zhang Hui Ling
- Zhang Jianhua
- Zhang Jing Pu
- Zhang Lin
- Zhang Long
- Zhang Ming Yong
- Zhang Xu Dong
- Zhao Mantong
- Zhao Yi Fang
- Zhao Ying
- Zhao Zhizhuang J
- Zheng Xiaoxiang
- Zhivotovsky Boris
- Zhong Qing
- Zhou Cong Zhao
- Zhu Changlian
- Zhu Wei Guo
- Zhu Xiao Feng
- Zhu Xiongwei
- Zhu Yuangang
- Zoladek Teresa
- Zong Wei Xing
- Zorzano Antonio
- Zschocke J\ufcrgen
- Zuckerbraun Brian
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field