A New Way to Improve Logistics Efficiency and Aircraft-Onground Recovery

The objective of this project was to bring more efficiency to logistics, improving time of Aircraft-on-Ground (AOG) recovery and developing possible saving for airlines operations. There proposed goal was to develop a system that would allow airlines to easily visualize an available space at the aircraft cargo bay on a desired flight and book its company materials (COMAT) on it, still respecting all appropriate regulation and the final availability of space. This project was inspired by an existing system called MyIDTravel that allows jointed airline’s personnel to buy available tickets with low fares. The objective was to develop something similar for COMAT. The personnel responsible for logistics at jointed airlines would be able to check available cargo bay spaces on the desired flights and book COMAT transportation paying regular prices but having priority over regular cargo. This would enhance the utilization of empty space and optimize the transportation of required material to restore or maintain the airlines operation

COMPORTAMENTO DA FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA E DA TEMPERATURA CORPÓREA EM COELHOS SUBMETIDOS À PARADA CIRCULATÓRIA CARDÍACA

A técnica da parada circulatória total (PTC) ou inflow occlusion consiste em impedir a entrada do sangue às câmaras cardíacas através do clampeamento das veias cavas caudal e cranial e veia ázigos. Contudo, alterações nos parâmetros fisiológicos do paciente podem ser desencadeadas com a aplicação desta técnica. Em enfermidades cardíacas intracavitárias, cuja correção leva alguns minutos, como na estenose pulmonar ou na estenose subaórtica, esta técnica pode ser facilmente utilizada. Por ser de baixo custo e de simples aplicação, é passível de realização em clínicas particulares. Neste ensaio, avaliou-se o comportamento da frequên­cia cardíaca e da temperatura corpórea de coelhos submetidos a dois períodos de cinco minutos de PCT, utilizando-se a técnica da inflow occlusion. Um período de recirculação sanguínea entre as oclusões foi realizado a fim de verificar os potenciais benefícios desta prática sobre o comportamento da frequência cardíaca e temperatura corpórea dos animais, parâmetros avaliados ao longo de todo o período transoperatório. Ocorreram dois óbitos, ambos no período de recirculação, dada a ocorrência de fibrilação ventricular. Todavia, com a aplicação do período de recirculação do sangue, foi possível constatar que esta técnica pode ser utilizada em cirurgias intracardíacas, com duração de até dez minutos. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Coelhos, inflow occlusion, parada circulatória

MORTALIDADE EM MULHERES JOVENS POR CÂNCER DE MAMA, NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL DE 2015 A 2019

Introduction: Breast tumors are the main cause of female mortality worldwide, with a high occurrence of these deaths in Brazil. Although the risk of breast cancer increases with age, young women tend to have more severe forms of the disease and a higher risk of mortality. Thus, describing breast cancer mortality in young women will contribute to health care and mortality reduction.  Objective: To describe breast cancer mortality in young women in the Northeast region of Brazil from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: Epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive, ecological, time-series study, with a quantitative approach to breast cancer mortality in young women in Northeast Brazil from 2015 to 2019. Study carried out through an electronic search of breast cancer deaths in young women, available in the Mortality Information System (SIM) of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), of all reported deaths from breast cancer in young women in the Brazilian Northeast from January 2015 to December 2019,  by the variables: gender, age group, education, race/color, and all deaths from breast câncer. The analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, tabulated in a Microsoft Excel 10 spreadsheet arranged in tables by Microsoft Word 10. Crude mortality rates were calculated according to sociodemographic characteristics and age group, 20-39 years, DATASUS age category. Results: From 2015 to 2019, 146 deaths of young women due to breast cancer were identified in the Northeast, mostly brown (89), aged between 25 and 29 years (120), single (76), with 8 to 11 years of schooling (51) and a higher occurrence in 2015(34) and 2016 (34).Introdução: Os tumores mamários são os principais responsáveis pela mortalidade feminina mundial, tendo no Brasil a região Nordeste alta ocorrência desses óbitos. Embora, o risco da ocorrência de câncer de mama aumente com a idade, mulheres jovens tendem a apresentar formas mais graves da doença e maior risco de mortalidade. Assim, descrever a mortalidade em mulheres jovens por câncer de mama contribuirá para assistência em saúde e redução da mortalidade. Objetivo: Descrever a mortalidade em mulheres jovens por câncer de mama, na região Nordeste do Brasil de 2015 a 2019. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo, delineamento ecológico do tipo séries temporais, com abordagem quantitativa da mortalidade em mulheres jovens por câncer de mama, no Nordeste do Brasil de 2015 a 2019. Estudo realizado por meio de busca eletrônica dos óbitos por câncer de mama em mulheres jovens, disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), da totalidade dos óbitos notificados de câncer de mama em mulheres jovens no Nordeste brasileiro de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2019, pelas variáveis: sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, raça/cor e totalidade dos óbitos por câncer de mama. A análise foi realizada por estatística descritiva, tabulação em planilha eletrônica do programa Microsoft Excel 10 disposta em tabelas pelo Microsoft Word 10. Calculadas as taxas de mortalidade bruta conforme características sociodemográficas e grupo etário, 20-39 anos, categoria etária do DATASUS. Resultados: Foram identificados 146 óbitos de mulheres jovens por câncer de mama no Nordeste de 2015 a 2019, majoritariamente pardas (89), com idade entre25 e 29 anos (120), solteiras (76), com escolaridade de 8 a 11 anos de estudo (51) e maior ocorrência nos anos de 2015(34) e 2016 (34)

Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Womersley, F. C., Humphries, N. E., Queiroz, N., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Furtado, M., Tyminski, J. P., Abrantes, K., Araujo, G., Bach, S. S., Barnett, A., Berumen, M. L., Bessudo Lion, S., Braun, C. D., Clingham, E., Cochran, J. E. M., de la Parra, R., Diamant, S., Dove, A. D. M., Dudgeon, C. L., Erdmann, M. V., Espinoza, E., Fitzpatrick, R., González Cano, J., Green, J. R., Guzman, H. M., Hardenstine, R., Hasan, A., Hazin, F. H. V., Hearn, A. R., Hueter, R. E., Jaidah, M. Y., Labaja, J., Ladinol, F., Macena, B. C. L., Morris Jr., J. J., Norman, B. M., Peñaherrera-Palmav, C., Pierce, S. J., Quintero, L. M., Ramırez-Macías, D., Reynolds, S. D., Richardson, A. J., Robinson, D. P., Rohner, C. A., Rowat, D. R. L., Sheaves, M., Shivji, M. S., Sianipar, A. B., Skomal, G. B., Soler, G., Syakurachman, I., Thorrold, S. R., Webb, D. H., Wetherbee, B. M., White, T. D., Clavelle, T., Kroodsma, D. A., Thums, M., Ferreira, L. C., Meekan, M. G., Arrowsmith, L. M., Lester, E. K., Meyers, M. M., Peel, L. R., Sequeira, A. M. M., Eguıluz, V. M., Duarte, C. M., & Sims, D. W. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(20), (2022): e2117440119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117440119.Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic.Funding for data analysis was provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through a University of Southampton INSPIRE DTP PhD Studentship to F.C.W. Additional funding for data analysis was provided by NERC Discovery Science (NE/R00997/X/1) and the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-2019 883583 OCEAN DEOXYFISH) to D.W.S., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under PTDC/BIA/28855/2017 and COMPETE POCI-01–0145-FEDER-028855, and MARINFO–NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000031 (funded by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program [NORTE2020] under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund–ERDF) to N.Q. FCT also supported N.Q. (CEECIND/02857/2018) and M.V. (PTDC/BIA-COM/28855/2017). D.W.S. was supported by a Marine Biological Association Senior Research Fellowship. All tagging procedures were approved by institutional ethical review bodies and complied with all relevant ethical regulations in the jurisdictions in which they were performed. Details for individual research teams are given in SI Appendix, section 8. Full acknowledgments for tagging and field research are given in SI Appendix, section 7. This research is part of the Global Shark Movement Project (https://www.globalsharkmovement.org)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements

Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements

Towards a Muon Collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work.Comment: 118 pages, 103 figure

Towards a muon collider

A muon collider would enable the big jump ahead in energy reach that is needed for a fruitful exploration of fundamental interactions. The challenges of producing muon collisions at high luminosity and 10 TeV centre of mass energy are being investigated by the recently-formed International Muon Collider Collaboration. This Review summarises the status and the recent advances on muon colliders design, physics and detector studies. The aim is to provide a global perspective of the field and to outline directions for future work