Urodynamic Risk Factors for Urinary Infection.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequently associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Urodynamic investigation (UDI) is the gold standard for assessing LUTD, but its value in identifying UTI risk factors remains underexplored. Studies have shown high rates of storage and voiding dysfunction in patients with recurrent UTIs, suggesting a causal link between LUTD and UTIs. Specific UDI findings, such as low bladder capacity, high detrusor pressures, and detrusor overactivity, have been associated with greater UTI risk, especially in kidney transplant recipients and infants. However, the current evidence is limited by the lack of control groups and therapeutic interventions, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Further well-designed studies are needed to determine if UDI-guided therapies can improve UTI management outcomes. PATIENT SUMMARY: Urinary infections are often linked to problems with the lower urinary tract. Tests that measure lower urinary tract function can help in identifying these issues. More research is needed to see if treating bladder problems can prevent urinary infections

Sex Does Not Affect Survival: A Propensity Score-Matched Comparison in a Homogenous Contemporary Radical Cystectomy Cohort.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether biological sex affects oncological outcome after extended pelvic lymph node dissection, radical cystectomy, and urinary diversion for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and to identify risk factors impacting outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a single-center, retrospective observational cohort study with prospective data collection with a propensity score matched population. A total of 1165 consecutive patients from 2000 to 2020, (317 women and 848 men) scheduled for open extended pelvic lymph node dissection, radical cystectomy, and urinary diversion for urothelial bladder cancer were included in the final analysis. Overall Survival (OS), Cancer-Specific-Survival (CSS), and Recurrence-Free-survival (RFS) were assessed with multivariable weighted Cox regression analysis as well as with propensity score matched Cox-Regression. RESULTS No significant difference was found between sexes regarding OS (HR 1.18, [0.93-1.49], P = .16), CSS (HR 0.87, [0.64-1.18], P = .38), or RFS (HR 0.80, [0.59-1.07], P = .13). These results were confirmed after propensity score matching: female sex was not associated with inferior OS (HR 1.20, [0.91-1.60], P = .19), CSS (HR 1.01, [0.75-1.35], P = .97) or RFS (HR 0.98, [0.75-1.27], P = .86). CONCLUSIONS We did not find a significant difference in cancer-related outcomes or overall survival after extended pelvic lymph node dissection, open radical cystectomy, and urinary diversion for urothelial cancer between males and females even after adjustment with propensity matching score for multiple factors including oncological parameters, smoking status, and renal function

Indwelling catheter vs intermittent catheterization: is there a difference in UTI susceptibility?

BACKGROUND Patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) often rely on some type of catheterization for bladder emptying. Intermittent catheterization (IC) is considered the gold standard and is preferred over continuous catheterization, since it is considered to cause fewer urinary tract infections (UTIs) than indwelling catheterization. The main objective of our study was to describe UTI prevalence (at visit) and incidence (within the last 12 months) and urine culture characteristics between patients using an indwelling catheter versus (vs) those performing IC. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we prospectively evaluated from 02/2020 to 01/2021 patients with NLUTD undergoing urine cultures for prophylactic reasons or due to UTI symptoms. At visit, all patients underwent a standardized interview on current UTI symptoms as well as UTI history and antibiotic consumption within the past year. Patients using an indwelling catheter (n = 206) or IC (n = 299) were included in the analysis. The main outcome was between-group differences regarding UTI characteristics. RESULTS Patients using an indwelling catheter were older (indwelling catheter vs IC: median 66 (Q1-Q3: 55-77) vs 55 (42-67) years of age) and showed a higher Charlson comorbidity index (indwelling catheter vs IC: median 4 (Q1-Q3: 2-6) vs 2 (1-4) (both p < 0·001). A total of 40 patients from both groups were diagnosed with a UTI at visit (indwelling catheters vs IC: 8% (16/206) vs 8% (24/299); p = 0·782), and the number of UTIs within the past 12 months was not significantly different between groups. Overall, Escherichia coli (21%), Enterococcus faecalis (17%), and Klebsiella spp. (12%) were the most frequently detected bacteria. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients with NLUTD, we did not find relevant differences in UTI frequency between groups. These results suggest that UTI-related concerns should not be given undue emphasis when counseling patients for catheter-related bladder emptying methods

Urologische Notfälle: Paraphimose

Urologic Emergencies: Paraphimosis Abstract. Paraphimosis presents a rare but acute urological emergency whereby the foreskin becomes entrapped behind the coronary sulcus of the penis. Therapy is quick and feasible, even in an outpatient setting. In most cases compression of the preputial edema and subsequent reposition of the prepuce is sufficient. Rarely, surgical intervention in form of a dorsal incision of the constriction is required. With partial or full phimosis being the underlying condition, paraphimosis occurs predominantly in infants and toddlers. However, persistent or secondary phimosis can lead to paraphimosis in advanced age

Continent diversion: five decades of developments and evolution.

OBJECTIVE To provide a chronological overview of the evolution of continent urinary diversion (CUD) over the last 50 years and to highlight important milestones. METHODS We performed an extensive literature review and analysed different forms of urinary diversion worldwide. After the evaluation of surgical techniques, we assessed the advantages and disadvantages of assorted CUD approaches based on published long-term follow-up data. RESULTS A wide variety of surgical options for CUD is available and feasible to date, although consensus among urologists regarding the 'gold standard' is still lacking. Several forms of orthotopic bladder substitutes and continent cutaneous urinary reservoirs have been shown to provide excellent long-term results. CONCLUSION The last 50 years of CUD have seen constant evolution and refinement of techniques, but the best surgical approach remains unclear and there is no 'one-size-fits-all' option, but rather tailor-made approaches are necessary to ensure patient satisfaction

[Do we need to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised patients? : A rapid review].

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains, is a problem even in Europe. That is why inadequate usage of antibiotic therapy should be avoided, especially in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). OBJECTIVES Should ASB be treated with antibiotics in immunocompromized patients, namely solid organ transplant, especially kidney transplant or stem cell transplant recipients? MATERIALS AND METHODS A rapid review based on a systematic literature search in MEDLINE between 1980 and 2022 was performed. For evidence synthesis, only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs were considered. RESULTS No studies were identified for the search term solid organ and stem cell transplantation. Three RCTs (antibiotic therapy versus no therapy) were included for adult kidney transplantation. None of the studies showed a benefit for antibiotic therapy of ASB in reduction of symptomatic urinary tract infections, especially in the late transplantation phase two months after kidney transplantation; furthermore, this therapy may promote AMR development. In addition, there are numerous gaps of evidence, e.g., in pediatric transplantation or regarding the influence of special immunosuppressants. CONCLUSION There is no evidence for antibiotic therapy of ASB in adult kidney transplantation two months after the surgery. Further studies addressing the identified evidence gaps are essential for the prevention of further AMR development

Urinary infection management in frail or comorbid older individuals

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common among older individuals, especially those with frailty and comorbidity. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is also common in this group and does not require treatment. UTI diagnosis is complicated by atypical signs and symptoms such as confusion or functional decline. This necessitates a more holistic assessment according to a diagnostic algorithm that includes nonspecific symptoms to avoid overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. Treatment strategies for UTI in older people generally align with those for younger people, with some exceptions. Prophylaxis is similar to that for postmenopausal women. However, it is crucial to carefully consider comorbidities, polypharmacy, and the risk of potential adverse events

[What is the proportion of infectiology in the specialization urology? : A pilot study to underline the significance of Antibiotic Stewardship in urology].

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections account for one of the most bacterial infectious diseases worldwide. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this pilot project was to identify the relative percentage of antibiotic use in comparison to all patients in a university medical center for the better establishment of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programs. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is an epidemiological pilot project. In the time period of three months it was evaluated which relative percentage of the patients was treated with antibiotics for bacterial urinary tract infection in comparison to all patients. RESULTS In summary, about 40% of all urological patients received an antibiotic treatment against urinary tract infections or as perioperative prophylaxis against bacterial infection in the operating room (OR). The antibiotic use at the urological ward is highest in comparison to ambulance or OR. CONCLUSION Infectious diseases, especially bacterial infections, account for a significant part of urology. This knowledge is essential to establish ABS programs and to tackle the progression of antibiotic resistance. Detailed studies are necessary to understand antibiotic prescription practice in urology to develop targeted ABS interventions

Non-antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent UTIs in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NAPRUN) : study protocol for a prospective, longitudinal multi-arm observational study

Introduction: Patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) reliant on intermittent self-catheterization for bladder emptying are at an increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI). So far, the most common practice in the prevention of rUTIs is long-term low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis, phytotherapy, and immunomodulation, whereby antibiotic prophylaxis inevitably leads to the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens and difficulty in treating infections. Therefore, non-antibiotic alternatives in the prevention of rUTIs are urgently required. We aim to identify the comparative clinical effectiveness of a non-antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction who practice intermittent self-catheterization. Methods and analysis: In this multi-centre, prospective longitudinal multi-arm observational study, a total of 785 patients practising intermittent self-catheterisation due to NLUTD will be included. After inclusion, non-antibiotic prophylaxis regimens will be instilled with either UroVaxom® (OM-89) standard regimen, StroVac® (bacterial lysate vaccine) standard regimen, Angocin®, D-mannose (oral dose 2 g), bladder irrigation with saline (once per day). The management protocols will be pre-defined, but the selection of the protocol will be at the clinicians’ discretion. Patients will be followed for 12 months from the onset of the prophylaxis protocol. The primary outcome is to identify the incidence of breakthrough infections. The secondary outcomes are adverse events associated with the prophylaxis regimens and the severity of breakthrough infections. Other outcomes include the exploration of change in susceptibility pattern via the optional rectal and perineal swab, as well as health-related quality of life over time (HRQoL), which will be measured in a random subgroup of 30 patients. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval for this study has been granted by the ethical review board of the University Medical Centre Rostock (A 2021-0238 from 28 October 2021). The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant meetings. Study registration number: German Clinical Trials Register: Number DRKS00029142